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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Lidianne Lunguinho.pdf: 986527 bytes, checksum: 1ca17f21ab0579c64d64579574eb4365 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The guarana, Paulinia cupana var. sorbilis, is a native plant and grown in the Amazon region. His greatest production was concentrated in the State Amazonas, Bahia, but currently the largest producer and Acre, Para, Mato Grosso, Rondônia are major producers. (Calderazo et. Al., 1986). The expansion of its culture is attributed to great use in industry soft drinks and pharmacopeia. Belonging to the family Sapindaceae, is a plant lowland tropical, shrubs, woody vines adapted to the climate hot and humid, produces the fruit known as guarana. Geographically There are two varieties defined, and sorbilis typica: being the first is the most widely cultivated, accounting for nearly all domestic production, the the second found in limited quantities in the river basins of the Upper Orinoco and Rio Negro. The objectives of this dissertation were to verify the occurrence of patterns different flowering among clones of guarana, maintained with and without fertilization; probe the existence of orthologs (homologous sequences) of genes Arabidopsis involved in flowering in plants and guarana, analyze the spatial and temporal expression of orthologous genes LEAFY, AGAMOUS and apetala in vegetative tissues and reproductive guarana. Took place during the flowering period of 2004 (August to October) were counted in ten inflorescences of four plants of each clone in three segments of its rachis and number of flowers functionally male and functionally female. Statistical analysis was done by tabulating the weekly number of female flowers and male to facilitate the analysis of correlation with the length of inflorescences. The results suggest that the occurrence of phase predominantly in female inflorescences is a feature less that the number of plastic phases predominantly male. To amplify by RT-PCR total RNA from different tissues and DNA of guarana primers were synthesized for apetala, LEAFY, AGAMOUS and primers for the actin gene transcripts were used as control of RNA concentration. Transcription experiments RT and amplification were carried out at temperatures of annealing primers 45 to 50 ° C, generating very faint specific bands and / or mainly nonspecific. . The results achieved not by state shows that the guarana genes LEAFY, AGAMOUS and apetala 1 highly similar sequences that served as the template for the synthesis of primers. / O guaranazeiro, Paulínia cupana var. sorbilis, é uma planta nativa e cultivada na região Amazônica. Sua maior produção concentrou-se no Estado do Amazonas, mas atualmente a Bahia e o maior produtor e o Acre, Para, Mato Grosso, Rondönia são grandes produtores. (Calderazo et. al., 1986). A expansão de sua cultura é atribuída, à grande utilidade na indústria de refrigerantes e farmacopéia. Pertencente a família Sapindaceae, é uma planta tropical de baixa altitude, arbustiva, lenhosa, trepadeira adaptada ao clima quente e úmido, produz o fruto conhecido como guaraná. Geograficamente existem duas variedades definidas, a Sorbilis e a Typica: sendo que a primeira é a mais cultivada, responsável por quase toda a produção nacional, a segunda encontrada em quantidades restritas nas bacias fluviais do Alto Orenoco e Alto Rio Negro. Os objetivos dessa dissertação foram verificar a ocorrência de padrões diferentes de florescimento entre clones de guaranazeiro, mantidos com e sem adubação; sondar a existência de ortologos (seqüências homologas) de genes de Arabidopsis implicados no florescimento em plantas de guaranazeiro e, analisar o padrão espacial e temporal de expressão dos ortologos dos genes LEAFY, APETALA e AGAMOUS em tecidos vegetativos e reprodutivos de guaranazeiro. Realizou-se durante o período de florescimento do ano de 2004 (agosto a outubro) foi realizada a contagem em dez inflorescências de quatro plantas de cada clone em três segmentos do seu raquis do número de flores funcionalmente masculinas e funcionalmente femininas. A análise estatística foi realizada mediante a tabulação semanal do número de flores femininas e masculinas para facilitar a análise de correlação com o comprimento das inflorescências. Os resultados permitiram sugerir que a ocorrência de fases predominantemente femininas nas inflorescências é uma característica menos plástica que o número de fases predominantemente masculinas. Para amplificar por RT-PCR o RNA total de diferentes tecidos e o DNA de guaranazeiro foram sintetizados primers para APETALA, LEAFY, AGAMOUS e primers para os transcritos do gene da ACTINA foram utilizados como controle de concentração do RNA. Os experimentos de transcrição reversa e amplificação foram realizados em temperaturas de anelamento dos primers de 45 a 50 °C, gerando bandas especificas muito tênues e/ou, principalmente, inespecificas. .Os resultados alcançados não pertiram afirmar que o guaranazeiro apresenta genes LEAFY, APETALA 1 e AGAMOUS altamente similares as seqüências que serviram de modelo para a síntese dos primers.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

<p>In multicellular organisms all cells in one individual have an identical genotype, and yet their bodies consist of many and very different tissues and thus many different cell types. Somehow there must be a difference in how genes are interpreted. So, there must be signals that tell the genes when and where to be active and inactive, respectively. In some instances a specific an expression pattern (active or inactive) is epigenetic; it is established and maintained throughout multiple rounds of cell divisions. In the developing <i>Drosophila</i> embryo, the proper expression pattern of e.g. the homeotic genes <i>Abd-B</i> and <i>Ubx</i> is to be kept active in the posterior part and silenced in the anterior. Properly silenced homeotic genes are crucial for the correct segmentation pattern of the fly and the Polycomb group (Pc-G) proteins are vital for maintaining this type of stable repression.</p><p>As part of this thesis, <i>Suppressor of zeste 12 (Su(z)12)</i> is characterized as a <i>Drosophila</i> Pc-G gene. Mutations in the gene cause widespread misexpression of several homeotic genes in embryos and larvae. Results show that the silencing of the homeotic genes <i>Abd-B</i> and <i>Ubx</i>, probably is mediated via physical binding of SU(Z)12 to Polycomb Response Elements in the BX-C. <i>Su(z)12</i> mutations are strong suppressors of position-effect-variegation and the SU(Z)12 protein binds weakly to the heterochromatic centromeric region. These results indicate that SU(Z)12 has a function in heterochromatin-mediated repression, which is an unusual feature for a Pc-G protein. The structure of the <i>Su(z)12</i> gene was determined and the deduced protein contains a C2-H2 zinc finger domain, several nuclear localization signals, and a region, the VEFS box, with high homology to mammalian and plant homologues. <i>Su(z)12 </i>was originally isolated in a screen for modifiers of the zeste-white interaction and I present results that suggests that this effect is mediated through an interaction between <i>Su(z)12 </i>and <i>zeste</i>. I also show that <i>Su(z)12</i> interact genetically with other Pc-G mutants and that the SU(Z)12 protein binds more than 100 euchromatic bands on polytene chromosomes. I also present results showing that SU(Z)12 is a subunit of two different E(Z)/ESC embryonic silencing complexes, one 1MDa and one 600 kDa complex, where the larger complex also contains PCL and RPD3. </p><p>In conclusion, results presented in this thesis show that the recently identified Pc-G gene, <i>Su(z)12</i>, is of vital importance for correct maintenance of silencing of the developmentally important homeotic genes.</p>

In multicellular organisms all cells in one individual have an identical genotype, and yet their bodies consist of many and very different tissues and thus many different cell types. Somehow there must be a difference in how genes are interpreted. So, there must be signals that tell the genes when and where to be active and inactive, respectively. In some instances a specific an expression pattern (active or inactive) is epigenetic; it is established and maintained throughout multiple rounds of cell divisions. In the developing Drosophila embryo, the proper expression pattern of e.g. the homeotic genes Abd-B and Ubx is to be kept active in the posterior part and silenced in the anterior. Properly silenced homeotic genes are crucial for the correct segmentation pattern of the fly and the Polycomb group (Pc-G) proteins are vital for maintaining this type of stable repression. As part of this thesis, Suppressor of zeste 12 (Su(z)12) is characterized as a Drosophila Pc-G gene. Mutations in the gene cause widespread misexpression of several homeotic genes in embryos and larvae. Results show that the silencing of the homeotic genes Abd-B and Ubx, probably is mediated via physical binding of SU(Z)12 to Polycomb Response Elements in the BX-C. Su(z)12 mutations are strong suppressors of position-effect-variegation and the SU(Z)12 protein binds weakly to the heterochromatic centromeric region. These results indicate that SU(Z)12 has a function in heterochromatin-mediated repression, which is an unusual feature for a Pc-G protein. The structure of the Su(z)12 gene was determined and the deduced protein contains a C2-H2 zinc finger domain, several nuclear localization signals, and a region, the VEFS box, with high homology to mammalian and plant homologues. Su(z)12 was originally isolated in a screen for modifiers of the zeste-white interaction and I present results that suggests that this effect is mediated through an interaction between Su(z)12 and zeste. I also show that Su(z)12 interact genetically with other Pc-G mutants and that the SU(Z)12 protein binds more than 100 euchromatic bands on polytene chromosomes. I also present results showing that SU(Z)12 is a subunit of two different E(Z)/ESC embryonic silencing complexes, one 1MDa and one 600 kDa complex, where the larger complex also contains PCL and RPD3. In conclusion, results presented in this thesis show that the recently identified Pc-G gene, Su(z)12, is of vital importance for correct maintenance of silencing of the developmentally important homeotic genes.

No description available.

El objetivo de esta Tesis ha sido profundizar en el estudio del desarrollo del complejo claustroamigdalino en ratón. Para ello hemos estudiado: 1) cuales de sus componentes derivan del palio lateral o ventral, en base a expresión diferencial de genes reguladores Dbx1, Lhx9, Lhx2, Lmo3, Lmo4, Cadherina 8 y Emx1 durante el desarrollo embrionario; 2) el desarrollo de las interneuronas del complejo claustroamigdalino que contienen proteínas ligadoras de calcio (incluyendo el desarrollo de sus circuitos locales); 3) el origen histogenético de dichas interneuronas, mediante cultivos organotípicos y el análisis del ratón transgénico Nkx2.1-Cre/Rosa26-GFP (Kessaris y col. 2006). Nuestros datos permiten distinguir los componentes paliales laterales o ventrales del complejo, que contienen múltiples subtipos de interneuronas con orígenes en distintas subdivisiones del subpalio. Esto abre las puertas a futuras investigaciones sobre la conectividad y función de cada subtipo de interneurona, y sobre su grado de implicación en los desórdenes neuropsiquiátricos. / The objective of this Doctoral Thesis was to deepen in the study of the development of the claustroamygdaloid complex in mouse. For that, we pursued to study: 1) which components derive from either the lateral or ventral pallium based on differential expression of regulatory genes (Dbx1, Lhx9, Lhx2, Lmo3, Lmo4, Cadherina 8 y Emx1) during embryonic development; 2) the development of interneurons of the claustroamygdaloid complex that contain calcium binding proteins (including the development of its local circuits); 3) the histogenetic origin of these interneurons, by means of organotypic cultures and analysis of the transgenic mouse Nkx2.1-Cre/Rosa26-GFP (Kessaris and col. 2006). Our data allowed the distinction between lateral and ventral pallial components of the complex, which contain multiple subtypes of interneurons with origins in different subpallial subdivisions. This opens new venues for future investigations on the connectivity and function of each interneuron subtype, and on their involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders.