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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
311

Mécanismes d'interaction de l'intégrateur épigénétique UHRF1 avec l'acétyltransférase TIP60 / Interaction mechanisms of epigenetic integrator UHRF1 with TIP60 acetyltransferase

Ashraf, Waseem 18 June 2018 (has links)
UHRF1 est une protéine nucléaire responsable du maintien et de la régulation de l'épigénome des cellules. Elle favorise la prolifération cellulaire et est surexprimée dans la plupart des cancers. TIP60, l'un des partenaires le plus important d’UHRF1, est impliqué dans le remodelage de la chromatine et la régulation transcriptionnelle grâce à son activité acétyltransférase. Ensemble, les deux protéines régulent la stabilité et l'activité d'autres protéines telles que la DNMT1 et la p53. Le but de cette étude était d'explorer le mécanisme d'interaction entre UHRF1 et TIP60 en visualisant cette interaction dans les cellules. La microscopie par imagerie à temps de vie de fluorescence et d'autres techniques de biologie moléculaire ont été utilisées. Les résultats ont montré que UHRF1 interagit directement avec le domaine MYST de TIP60 et cette interaction se produit dans la phase S du cycle cellulaire. Les deux protéines ont également montré une réponse similaire aux dommages à l'ADN, ce qui prédit une cohérence dans leur fonction dans le mécanisme de réparation de l'ADN. La surexpression de TIP60 a également induit la baisse du niveau d’UHRF1 et de DNMT1 ainsi qu’une induction d'apoptose dans les cellules ce qui suggère un rôle de TIP60 dans la régulation des fonctions oncogéniques d’UHRF1. / UHRF1 is a nuclear protein maintaining and regulating the epigenome of cells. Its promotes proliferation and is found upregulated in most of cancers. TIP60 is one of the important interacting partner of UHRF1 and is involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation through its acetyltransferase activity. Together they regulate the stability and activity of other proteins such as DNMT1 and p53. The aim of this thesis was to explore the mechanism of interaction between UHRF1 and TIP60 by visualizing this interaction in cells. Fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy and other molecular biology techniques were employed for this purpose. Results of this study showed that UHRF1 interacts directly to the MYST domain of TIP60 and this interaction prevails in the S-phase of cell cycle. Both proteins also showed a similar response to DNA damage predicting a coherence in their function in DNA repair mechanism. Overexpression of TIP60 also downregulated UHRF1 and DNMT1 and induced apoptosis in cells suggesting a role of TIP60 in regulation of oncogenic functions of UHRF1.
312

Interaction entre H1 et le nucléosome: cartographie à haute résolution et organisation tri-dimentionnelle du complexe.

Syed, Sajad Hussain 03 December 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié en détails l'interaction de l'histone H1 avec l'ADN nucléosomal afin de comprendre comment cette interaction conduit à l'organisation en fibre nucléosomale. Nous avons pu résoudre ce problème ancien par l'utilisation de : (i) l'incorporation de H1 par une chaperonne d'histone physiologique, NAP-1, (ii) la reconstitution de nucléosomes parfaitement homogènes sur une matrice d'ADN contenant la séquence 601 fortement positionnante, (iii) une combinaison de cryo-microscopie électronique (EC-M) et de technique d'empreinte aux radicaux OH°, (iv) une modélisation mécanique du polymère ADN de type « coarse-grain ». Notre « cartographie » par empreinte OH° de résolution d'un nucléotide montre que le domaine globulaire de H1 (GH1) interagit à travers le petit sillon avec des « patch » d'ADN de 10 pb de part et d'autre de la dyade du nucléosome. De plus, GH1 organise environ un tour d'hélice d'ADN de chaque ADN de liaison du nucléosome. En même temps, une suite de 7 acides aminés (120-127) de la partie COOH-terminale est requise pour la formation de la structure en tige de l'ADN de liaison.
313

The Epigenetic Regulation of Cytokine Inducible Mammalian Transcription by the 26S Proteasome

Koues, Olivia I 08 July 2009 (has links)
It is evident that components of the 26S proteasome function beyond protein degradation in the regulation of transcription. Studies in yeast implicate the 26S proteasome, specifically the 19S cap, in the epigenetic regulation of transcription. Saccharomyces cerevisiae 19S ATPases remodel chromatin by facilitating histone acetylation and methylation. However, it is unclear if the 19S ATPases play similar roles in mammalian cells. We previously found that the 19S ATPase Sug1 positively regulates transcription of the critical inflammatory gene MHC-II and that the MHC-II promoter fails to efficiently bind transcription factors upon Sug1 knockdown. MHC-II transcription is regulated by the critical coactivator CIITA. We now find that Sug1 is crucial for regulating histone H3 acetylation at the cytokine inducible MHC-II and CIITA promoters. Histone H3 acetylation is dramatically decreased upon Sug1 knockdown with a preferential loss occurring at lysine 18. Research in yeast indicates that the ortholog of Sug1, Rpt6, acts as a mediator between the activating modifications of histone H2B ubiquitination and H3 methylation. Therefore, we characterized the role the 19S proteasome plays in regulating additional activating modifications. As with acetylation, Sug1 is necessary for proper histone H3K4 and H3R17 methylation at cytokine inducible promoters. In the absence of Sug1, histone H3K4me3 and H3R17me2 are substantially inhibited. Our observation that the loss of Sug1 has no significant effect on H3K36me3 implies that Sug1’s regulation of histone modifications is localized to promoter regions as H3K4me3 but not H3K36me3 is clustered around gene promoters. Here we show that multiple H3K4 histone methyltransferase subunits bind constitutively to the inducible MHC-II and CIITA promoters and that over-expressing one subunit significantly enhances promoter activity. Furthermore, we identified a critical subunit of the H3K4 methyltransferase complex that binds multiple histone modifying enzymes, but fails to bind the CIITA promoter in the absence of Sug1, implicating Sug1 in recruiting multi-enzyme complexes responsible for initiating transcription. Finally, Sug1 knockdown maintains gene silencing as elevated levels of H3K27 trimethylation are observed upon Sug1 knockdown. Together these studies strongly implicate the 19S proteasome in mediating the initial reorganization events to relax the repressive chromatin structure surrounding inducible genes.
314

The 26S Proteasome and Histone Modifying Enzymes Regulate

Truax, Agnieszka D 07 May 2011 (has links)
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class-II (MHC-II) molecules are critical regulators of adaptive immunity that present extracellular antigens required to activate CD4+ T cells. MHC-II are regulated at the level of transcription by master regulator, the Class II Transactivator (CIITA), whose association with the MHC-II promoter is necessary to initiate transcription. Recently, much research focused on novel mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of critical genes like MHC-II and CIITA; findings that the macromolecular complex of the 26S-proteasome is involved in transcription have been perhaps the most exciting as they impart novel functions to a well studied system. Proteasome is a multi-subunit complex composed of a 20S-core particle capped by a 19S-regulatory particle. The 19S contains six ATPases which are required for transcription initiation and elongation. We demonstrate that 19S ATPase-S6a inducibly associates with CIITA promoters. Decreased expression of S6a negatively impacts recruitment of the transcription factors STAT-1 and IRF-1 to the CIITA due to significant loss in histone H3 and H4 acetylation. S6a is robustly recruited to CIITA coding regions, where S6a binding coordinates with that of RNA polymerase II. RNAi mediated S6a knockdown significantly diminishes recruitment of Pol II and P-TEF-b components to CIITA coding regions, indicating S6a plays important roles in transcriptional elongation. Our research is focused on the ways in which accessibility to and transcription of DNA is regulated. While cancers are frequently linked to dysregulated gene expression, contribution of epigenetics to cancers remains unknown. To achieve metastatic ability, tumors alter gene expression to escape host immunosurveilance. MHC-II and CIITA expression are significantly downregulated in highly metastatic MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells. This suppression correlates with elevated levels of the silencing modification H3K27me3 at CIITA and a significant reduction in Pol II recruitment. We observe elevated binding of the histone methyltransferase to CIITApIV and demonstrate this enzyme is a master regulator of CIITA gene expression. EZH2 knockdown results in significant increases in CIITA and MHC-II transcript levels in metastatic cells. In sum, transcriptional regulation by the 19S-proteasome and histone modifying enzymes represents novel mechanisms of control of mammalian gene expression and present novel therapeutic targets for manipulating MHC expression in disease.
315

Functional characterization of roles of histone deacetylases in the regulation of DNA damage response

Yuan, Zhigang. January 2007 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2007. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
316

Role of Histone Methylation in Cognition and Effects of Different Durations of Environmental Enrichment on Learning and Memory / Role of Histone Methylation in Cognition and Effects of Different Durations of Environmental Enrichment on Learning and Memory

Kerimoglu, Cemil 16 April 2012 (has links)
No description available.
317

The Epigenetic Regulation of Cytokine Inducible Mammalian Transcription by the 26S Proteasome

Koues, Olivia I 08 July 2009 (has links)
It is evident that components of the 26S proteasome function beyond protein degradation in the regulation of transcription. Studies in yeast implicate the 26S proteasome, specifically the 19S cap, in the epigenetic regulation of transcription. Saccharomyces cerevisiae 19S ATPases remodel chromatin by facilitating histone acetylation and methylation. However, it is unclear if the 19S ATPases play similar roles in mammalian cells. We previously found that the 19S ATPase Sug1 positively regulates transcription of the critical inflammatory gene MHC-II and that the MHC-II promoter fails to efficiently bind transcription factors upon Sug1 knockdown. MHC-II transcription is regulated by the critical coactivator CIITA. We now find that Sug1 is crucial for regulating histone H3 acetylation at the cytokine inducible MHC-II and CIITA promoters. Histone H3 acetylation is dramatically decreased upon Sug1 knockdown with a preferential loss occurring at lysine 18. Research in yeast indicates that the ortholog of Sug1, Rpt6, acts as a mediator between the activating modifications of histone H2B ubiquitination and H3 methylation. Therefore, we characterized the role the 19S proteasome plays in regulating additional activating modifications. As with acetylation, Sug1 is necessary for proper histone H3K4 and H3R17 methylation at cytokine inducible promoters. In the absence of Sug1, histone H3K4me3 and H3R17me2 are substantially inhibited. Our observation that the loss of Sug1 has no significant effect on H3K36me3 implies that Sug1’s regulation of histone modifications is localized to promoter regions as H3K4me3 but not H3K36me3 is clustered around gene promoters. Here we show that multiple H3K4 histone methyltransferase subunits bind constitutively to the inducible MHC-II and CIITA promoters and that over-expressing one subunit significantly enhances promoter activity. Furthermore, we identified a critical subunit of the H3K4 methyltransferase complex that binds multiple histone modifying enzymes, but fails to bind the CIITA promoter in the absence of Sug1, implicating Sug1 in recruiting multi-enzyme complexes responsible for initiating transcription. Finally, Sug1 knockdown maintains gene silencing as elevated levels of H3K27 trimethylation are observed upon Sug1 knockdown. Together these studies strongly implicate the 19S proteasome in mediating the initial reorganization events to relax the repressive chromatin structure surrounding inducible genes.
318

Molecular architecture of meiotic chromosomes /

Novak, Ivana, January 2006 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
319

Functional characterization of roles of histone deacetylases in the regulation of DNA damage response

Yuan, Zhigang. January 2007 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2007. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 87 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.
320

Étude du rôle des facteurs de transcription Prdm12 et Prdm13 au cours de la neurogenèse dans la moelle épinière embryonnaire / Role of transcription factors Prdm12 and Prdm13 during neurogenesis in embryonic spinal cord

Hanotel, Julie 10 September 2015 (has links)
La moelle épinière assure la transmission des messages nerveux entre l’encéphale et le reste du corps et assure la coordination des mouvements rythmiques de la locomotion. Elle est constituée d’un grand nombre de types différents d’interneurones et de neurones moteurs, organisés en circuits neuronaux. Les circuits impliqués dans la transmission des informations sensorielles et dans les mouvements des membres sont localisés respectivement dans les parties dorsale et ventrale de la moelle épinière. Les mécanismes moléculaires contrôlant la spécification de ces différents types de neurones dans la moelle épinière restent actuellement mal connus. Au cours de mon travail de thèse, je me suis intéressée à la famille des gènes Prdm (PR Domain containing methyltransferase). Ces gènes sont conservés évolutivement. Ils codent pour des facteurs de transcription jouant des rôles importants dans le développement embryonnaire et sont fréquemment impliqués dans des maladies chez l’Homme. Ces facteurs sont caractérisés par la présence d’un domaine PR semblable au domaine SET trouvé dans des protéines à activité histone méthyltransférase et d’un nombre variable de doigts à zinc. Je me suis focalisée essentiellement sur les gènes Prdm12 et Prdm13, des gènes exprimés de manière précoce et localisés dans le système nerveux en développement et dont la fonction était totalement inconnue. Nos résultats ont montré que l’expression de Prdm12 dans la partie ventrale de la moelle épinière est dépendante de l’acide rétinoïque et du facteur de transcription Pax6 et que Prdm12 est restreint au domaine p1 via l’action répressive des facteurs de transcription Dbx1 et Nkx6 exprimés dans les domaines de progéniteurs adjacents. Prdm12 fonctionne comme déterminant de la destinée des interneurones V1, des interneurones impliqués dans le contrôle des mouvements de la locomotion et essentiels à la survie des neurones moteurs. Prdm12 agirait en réprimant, probablement directement, l’expression des gènes Dbx1 et Nkx6.1/2, ses domaines PR et ZnF étant tous deux requis pour son activité. Nos données indiquent aussi que Prdm13, qui est exprimé dans la partie dorsale de la moelle épinière, constitue une cible directe du complexe Ptf1a-Rbpj et qu’il est requis en aval de Ptf1a pour une balance correcte des neurones glutamatergiques et GABAergiques. Elles suggèrent que Prdm13 fonctionnerait, au moins en partie, en bloquant l’activité d’autres facteurs proneuraux tels que Ngn2 (Neurog2) ou Ascl1 (Mash1) présents dans la partie dorsale de la moelle épinière et qui induisent une destinée excitatrice glutamatergique. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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