政府為推動台灣成為亞太金融中心，逐漸放寬許多金融管制，因此，規避匯率風險將是台灣落實金融自由化與國際化的重要課題。 過去探討外幣選擇權訂價模式的文獻通常在利率固定的假設下進行研究，本研究將HJM利率模型應用於評價外幣選擇權，考慮國內外利率皆為隨機性，歐式與美式外幣選擇權的訂價。本文運用風險中立評價法，推導出與Grabbe(1983)類似的歐式外幣選擇權封閉解，並採用Amin and Bodurtha(1995)的模型設定，以間斷時間的HJM模型為基礎，運用模擬的方法決定美式外幣買權的價格，進而改變各參數的設定，進行敏感度分析。模擬結果顯示長天期的美式外幣買權對遠期利率波動度的敏感度較短天期大。本文呈現另一種外幣選擇權的評價模式，後續的研究可考慮將本文所採用的方法應用於外匯期貨選擇權、交換選擇權等衍生性金融商品的評價上。 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 2 第三節 研究架構 3 第二章 相關文獻探討 第一節 歐式外幣選擇權之固定利率模式 4 第二節 歐式外幣選擇權之隨機利率模式 8 第三節 美式外幣選擇權評價模式 13 第三章 外幣選擇權定價模式 第一節 隨機利率下歐式外幣選擇權訂價理論 16 第二節 隨機利率下美式外幣選擇權訂價模式 26 第四章 模擬結果分析 33 第五章 結論與建議 43 附錄一 45 附錄二 46 附錄三 47 附錄四 49 附錄五、美式外幣選擇權電腦模擬程式 50 參考文獻 53

Submitted by Laszlo Cerveira Lueska (laszlolueska@gmail.com) on 2016-08-30T14:41:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Laszlo_Lueska_v17.pdf: 8905674 bytes, checksum: d9f066c4099a2f1a605719d85eb2f44a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2016-08-30T21:28:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Laszlo_Lueska_v17.pdf: 8905674 bytes, checksum: d9f066c4099a2f1a605719d85eb2f44a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T13:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laszlo_Lueska_v17.pdf: 8905674 bytes, checksum: d9f066c4099a2f1a605719d85eb2f44a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 / This paper proposes an extension of the multifactor Heath, Jarrow and Morton model incorporating a class of jump-diffusion process in an arbitrage-free enviroment, where the jump part follows independent Poisson process. We introduce a new methodology to the jump-diffusion process defining level, steepness and curvature jumps to capture the specificities of the Brazilian nominal interest rate term structure. A numerical solution is proposed under the Brace and Musiela (1994) parametrization extended to the jumpdiffusion process. Through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and historical data manipulation, the calibration of the parameters of the model is made. With Monte Carlo simulations, the model is used to price asian interest rate options (IDI options), to obtain forecasts of the interest rate term structure and to simulate trading strategies of interest rate furutes. / O presente estudo propõe uma extensão do modelo Heath, Jarrow e Morton multifatorial através da adição de uma classe de processos geradores de jumps, modelados por distribuições independentes de Poisson, mantendo a estabilidade do modelo e a condição de não arbitragem do mercado. O estudo apresenta uma abordagem nova aos processos geradores de jumps, definindo jumps de nível, inclinação e curvatura, de modo a capturar as especifidades da estrutura a termo de taxa de juros (ETTJ) nominais do Brasil. Uma solução numérica é proposta na parametrização de Brace e Musiela (1994) estendida ao caso de processos geradores de jump. Através de Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) e manipulação dos dados históricos, os parâmetros do modelo são calibrados. Através de simulações de Monte Carlo, o modelo é utilizado em precificações de opções de IDI, em forecasts da ETTJ e em estratégias de trading de DI Futuro.

在WTO成立，各國國際化程度日益提高的同時，企業與個人進行跨國投資的情形也愈來愈普遍，跨國投資除了要考慮標的資產之報酬與波動性之外，尚須考量匯率變動所產生之風險與不確定性。當某一國外資產具有正向預期報酬率的同時，實現後的報酬率卻又不一定為正，正是因為匯率波動所產生的影響。又，傳統財務理論告訴我們，藉由增加投資組合中所有非完全正相關的資產個數可以有效的降低投資組合的非系統風險，因此投資人在進行投資時往往採用建構投資組合的方式取代持有少數資產的型態。然而，在建構跨通貨避險投資組合時，若是對於投資組合中的各項資產與外幣分別進行避險（分別利用衍生性商品避險），往往是費時、費力又不具有效率。因此，對於整個投資組合進行避險反而是一個比較好的方法，當投資組合價值發生變動時，可以即時對於各項資產部位與外幣分別做調整，遠較於對個別資產進行避險來的方便、快速且有效。 / In most cases, investment is made of building a portfolio rather than single asset. Therefore, it is necessary to develop techniques of valuing portfolio derivatives. Moreover, we consider a cross-currency portfolio that account for currency and interest rate risk. As interest rate is stochastic, we use Heath-Jarrow Morton (HJM) Approach to describe its dynamics. Applying Vorst (1992); Geman, Karoui and Rochet(1995), we derive the approximated close-form of the cross-currency portfolio option. In HJM Approach, it is difficult to acquire hedge ratios of options. We apply another method to build a hedging portfolio. Then, we perform numerical simulations to test its hedging efficiency and sensitivity with respect to different variables.

The thesis consists of four papers on numerical complexityanalysis of weak approximation of ordinary and partialstochastic differential equations, including illustrativenumerical examples. Here by numerical complexity we mean thecomputational work needed by a numerical method to solve aproblem with a given accuracy. This notion offers a way tounderstand the efficiency of different numerical methods. The first paper develops new expansions of the weakcomputational error for Itˆo stochastic differentialequations using Malliavin calculus. These expansions have acomputable leading order term in a posteriori form, and arebased on stochastic flows and discrete dual backward problems.Beside this, these expansions lead to efficient and accuratecomputation of error estimates and give the basis for adaptivealgorithms with either deterministic or stochastic time steps.The second paper proves convergence rates of adaptivealgorithms for Itˆo stochastic differential equations. Twoalgorithms based either on stochastic or deterministic timesteps are studied. The analysis of their numerical complexitycombines the error expansions from the first paper and anextension of the convergence results for adaptive algorithmsapproximating deterministic ordinary differential equations.Both adaptive algorithms are proven to stop with an optimalnumber of time steps up to a problem independent factor definedin the algorithm. The third paper extends the techniques to theframework of Itˆo stochastic differential equations ininfinite dimensional spaces, arising in the Heath Jarrow Mortonterm structure model for financial applications in bondmarkets. Error expansions are derived to identify differenterror contributions arising from time and maturitydiscretization, as well as the classical statistical error dueto finite sampling. The last paper studies the approximation of linear ellipticstochastic partial differential equations, describing andanalyzing two numerical methods. The first method generates iidMonte Carlo approximations of the solution by sampling thecoefficients of the equation and using a standard Galerkinfinite elements variational formulation. The second method isbased on a finite dimensional Karhunen- Lo`eve approximation ofthe stochastic coefficients, turning the original stochasticproblem into a high dimensional deterministic parametricelliptic problem. Then, adeterministic Galerkin finite elementmethod, of either h or p version, approximates the stochasticpartial differential equation. The paper concludes by comparingthe numerical complexity of the Monte Carlo method with theparametric finite element method, suggesting intuitiveconditions for an optimal selection of these methods. 2000Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 65C05, 60H10,60H35, 65C30, 65C20; Secondary 91B28, 91B70. / QC 20100825

This thesis studies interest rates (even negative), interest rate derivatives and term structure of interest rates. We review the different types of interest rates and go through the evaluation of a derivative using risk-neutral and forward-neutral methods. Moreover, the construction of interest rate models (term-structure models), pricing of bonds and interest rate derivatives, using both equilibrium and no-arbitrage approaches are discussed, compared and contrasted. Further, we look at the HJM framework and the LMM model to evaluate and simulate forward curves and find the forward rates as the discount factors. Finally, the new framework (after financial crisis in 2008), under the collateral agreement (CSA) has been taken into consideration.

Submitted by Fernando Kenji Suzuki (fernandok.suzuki@gmail.com) on 2015-09-15T02:03:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 main.pdf: 1014824 bytes, checksum: 78c5726b7429d94596849075c18716ec (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Fernando, boa tarde Conforme Normas da ABNT, será necessário realizar os seguintes ajustes: Na CAPA: Seu nome deve estar um pouco acima, de uma maneira centralizada entre o nome da escola e o título do trabalho. CAPA e CONTRACAPA: Retirar a formatação Itálica da palavra Jumps. Em seguida realize uma nova submissão. Att. on 2015-09-15T18:58:14Z (GMT) / Submitted by Fernando Kenji Suzuki (fernandok.suzuki@gmail.com) on 2015-09-16T02:49:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 main.pdf: 992654 bytes, checksum: 97c7605bf15b07b1b7554b66c33f1a12 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2015-09-16T19:44:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 main.pdf: 992654 bytes, checksum: 97c7605bf15b07b1b7554b66c33f1a12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-16T20:12:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 main.pdf: 992654 bytes, checksum: 97c7605bf15b07b1b7554b66c33f1a12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-22 / Using market data obtained from BM&F Bovespa, this paper proposes a possible variation of Heath, Jarrow and Morton model in his discrete and multifactorial way, with the insertion of jumps as a way to consider the effect of the meetings held by the Brazilian Monetary Policy Committee (Copom). Through the use of principal component analysis (PCA), the calibration of the model parameters is made, allowing the simulation of the evolution of the term structure of interest rate known as PRE via Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). With the scenarios generated by the simulation of the curve at fixed vertices (synthetic), the results are compared to the data observed in the market. / Utilizando dados de mercado obtidos na BM&F Bovespa, este trabalho propõe uma possível variação do modelo Heath, Jarrow e Morton em sua forma discreta e multifatorial, com a introdução de jumps como forma de considerar o efeito das reuniões realizadas pelo Cômite de Políticas Monetárias (Copom). Através do uso da análise de componentes principais (PCA), é feita a calibração dos parâmetros do modelo, possibilitando a simulação da evolução da estrutura a termo de taxa de juros (ETTJ) da curva prefixada em reais via simulação de Monte Carlo (MCS). Com os cenários da curva simulada em vértices fixos (sintéticos), os resultados são comparados aos dados observados no mercado.

Submitted by Luiz Henrique Moraes da Silva (luiz.henrique1046@gmail.com) on 2018-08-24T16:12:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_lhms_2.pdf: 1496435 bytes, checksum: 256777f511b36a71d178ad1980b4f101 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2018-08-24T17:42:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_lhms_2.pdf: 1496435 bytes, checksum: 256777f511b36a71d178ad1980b4f101 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-08-27T13:33:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_lhms_2.pdf: 1496435 bytes, checksum: 256777f511b36a71d178ad1980b4f101 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T13:33:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_lhms_2.pdf: 1496435 bytes, checksum: 256777f511b36a71d178ad1980b4f101 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-31 / O presente estudo propõe um modelo de simulação que combina o modelo multifatorial de Heath, Jarrow e Morton e distribuições de probabilidade empíricas condicionais para simular curvas de juros e ativos do mercado financeiro. Em seguida, utilizamos o modelo proposto para simular a evolução do Dólar, da estrutura a termo das taxas de juros do Brasil obtida a partir dos contratos de DI futuro e da curva de Cupom Cambial de Dólar Sujo de maneira integrada, sendo os resultados das simulações utilizados para realizar o apreçamento de ativos. Também aplicamos os resultados obtidos em um problema de otimização de portfólios, que busca maximizar o lucro de um participante sujeito às restrições regulatórias impostas pelas resoluções de Basiléia III, empregando novamente o conceito de distribuições empíricas condicionais. / This work proposes a simulation model that combines the multifactor Heath, Jarrow and Morton model with empirical conditional probability distributions to simulate interest rate curves and securities from the financial market. The work then utilizes the proposed model to simulate the USD/BRL exchange rate, the interest rate term structure obtained from the DI Future contracts and the Cupom Cambial de D´olar Sujo interest rate curve in an integrated way, using the obtained results to price securities. In addition, we apply the results obtained in a portoflio optimation problem, which seeks to maximize the profit of a market partcipant subject to the regulatory constraints imposed by the Basel III resolutions, utilizing once again the concept of empirical conditional distributions.