A dissertation completed in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 2002. / The purpose of this retrospective investigation was to analyze and critique, the Chiropractic Students' Sports Questionnaire in order to refine the questionnaire and establish its face validity with reference to field hockey. / M

L’objet d’étude et le domaine de rechercheComme le sacré, le jeu et le sport délimitent dans le monde profane un espace réservé que régentent une série de règles et rituels qui n'ont de sens et de valeur que par la croyance qui leur est attribuée. Le lieu sacré est l’Aréna, le Colisée ou le Forum. Espace plus restreint, la « chambre de hockey » est une sphère sacrée privée, où entrent uniquement les gens autorisés, ce que nous appelons le « Dernier bastion des mâles ». On pourrait l’appeler aussi le « quartier des hommes » maanabeu chez les Lau ou la « Maison des hommes » chez les Baruya en passant par la Californie et l’Amazonie, les « Maisons de sudation ». Sujets tabous, secrets, histoires grivoises et anecdotes sont échangées; c’est là que les confidences se font et que se tissent les liens. On réfèrera aux notions d’espace sportif de Bromberger (1996), de masculinité et de féminité de Saouter (2000) et du système sportif de Darbon (2014). Il y a plusieurs niveaux d’identités, particulièrement la création du sentiment d’appartenance et de la confrérie.Rituels et rite initiatique – La masculinité et la séductionPour maintenir l’ordre social de la chance et de la victoire, plusieurs types de rituels sont présents et dans certains cas servent même à profaner les chances de l’équipe adverse. Les joueurs ont ainsi recours à toute une gamme de rituels. Le monde des croyances sert à rendre le joueur invincible, à minimiser les blessures, à le propulser vers la victoire avec le but victorieux, à prendre la bonne décision et à sortir vainqueur après chaque rencontre. L’analyse structurale « revisitée » vient nous porter main forte afin de bien comprendre tout cet univers symbolique du hockey en appliquant la formule canonique au sport et au genre. « Le hockey au Québec, est comme une religion ». Le hockey senior est un prétexte pour comprendre les profondes transformations et les influences qui viennent de toutes parts et sont réappropriées à travers les emprunts culturels. Aux besoins par la culture sportive, en même temps que les pratiques sociales sont transversales (Warnier, 2008), ainsi le « diffusionnisme contemporain » sert à suivre ces emprunts culturels, qui souvent proviennent des autochtones. On peut voir l’équipe de hockey comme une « tribu » avec son chef et ses guerriers qui prennent tous les moyens afin de pouvoir affirmer qu’ils sont ou ont été les plus forts, les vainqueurs de la « Coupe » à un moment donné de leur histoire, et ce, devant des femmes qu’ils tentent de séduire. Dans les sports de contact physique comme le hockey sur glace On les surnomme souvent « Gladiateurs » quand on voit leurs équipements, et leurs bâtons. Le hockey est un monde d’homme où la masculinité et la virilité sont encore présentes. Anne Saouter pose la bonne question dans sa recherche sur le rugby : « Mais le rugby, sport de la virilité par excellence dans l’imagerie collective, n’exige-t-il pas obligatoirement un jeu de miroir pour valider cette virilité : le regard des femmes? / The object of study and the field of researchLike the sacred, games and sports define in the profane world a space governed by a series of rules and rituals that only make sense and acquire value by the belief that is attributed to them. This sacred space is the Arena, The Coliseum or the Forum. On a smaller scale, the “hockey room” is a sacred private sphere that can only be entered by authorized individuals, what we call “the Last Male Bastion”. We could also refer to it as the “men’s quarters” maanabeu for the Lau, the “men’s house” for the Baruya or sweat lodges in California or Amazonia. Taboo subjects, secrets, bawdy stories and anecdotes are exchanged; where confidences are shared and relationships created. We can refer to the notions of sport spaces by Bromberger (1996), of masculine and feminine of Saouter (2000) or the sport system by Darbon (2014). There are multiple levels of identity, more specifically the creation of a sense of belonging and brotherhood. Rituals and Initiation Rites – Masculinity and SeductionTo maintain the social order of chance and victory, multiple types of rituals are present and, in some cases, serve as means to negate the chances of winning of the opposing team. Thus, the players rely on a series of rituals. The world of beliefs may serve to make a player invincible, to minimize the risk of injuries, that allows for the winning goal, make the right decision and be victorious after each encounter. Structural analysis “revisited” will allow us make sense of this symbolic universe of hockey by applying the canonical formula to sport and gender. “Hockey in Quebec is like a religion”. Senior hockey is a pretext to understand the deep transformations and the various influences that come from multiple horizons and are reappropriated via cultural diffusion. For the needs of sport culture and social practices are transversal (Warnier, 2008), thus contemporary diffusionism helps to follow these cultural appropriations, often borrowed from aboriginal peoples. One can understand the hockey team as a tribe with its chief and warriors who take any means to state that they are, or where, the strongest, the winners of the “Cup” at a given period in their history, this in the eyes of the women they wish to seduce. In contact sports like hockey, they are often referred to as “Gladiators”, which is well represented by their equipment and sticks. Hockey is a man’s world in which masculinity and virility are still very present. Anne Saouter ask’s the right question on her research on rugby: “But rugby, sport of virility by excellence in the collective mind does require a game of mirrors to validate this virility: the gaze of women?”

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

<p>The aim of this study was to examine if it was possible to improve fitness and strength in young ice hockey players with help of a training programme based on functional training and aerobic training. The training programme was performed on Halmstad Hockey U-16 team where 17 boys participated in the study. We performed the training in a period of sex weeks with three training occasions each week. These consisted of two functional training sessions and one fitness session. In the beginning we emphasized the importance of a correct performance and technique. Two test methodes were used to see if the training had given result, Åstrand bicycle ergometer test and Square hop test.</p><p>The result of the training was an increase in leg and trunk strength and fitness on the majority of the participants.</p>

The aim of this study was to examine if it was possible to improve fitness and strength in young ice hockey players with help of a training programme based on functional training and aerobic training. The training programme was performed on Halmstad Hockey U-16 team where 17 boys participated in the study. We performed the training in a period of sex weeks with three training occasions each week. These consisted of two functional training sessions and one fitness session. In the beginning we emphasized the importance of a correct performance and technique. Two test methodes were used to see if the training had given result, Åstrand bicycle ergometer test and Square hop test. The result of the training was an increase in leg and trunk strength and fitness on the majority of the participants.

This thesis examined the 'recoil' effect of the ice hockey stick shaft during a stationary slap shot. Nine subjects were tested. Four were classified as 'elite' and the remaining five as the 'recreational' group. Their performances were evaluated by simultaneously recording stick movement and bending from high-speed video capture (1000 Hz) and puck acceleration from a triaxial accelerometer positioned inside the puck. Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA for several dependant variables including final puck velocity, stick shaft bending, blade-puck contact time and stick kinetic energy. The results indicated that: (1) the puck velocity was influenced by skill level, blade-puck contact time and stick bending energy but not puck acceleration. Further studies are needed to address the influence of events before and after blade-puck contact as well as the strength of the player on the mechanical energy and impulse given to the puck.

Ice hockey facial protectors are essential to prevent eye and dental injuries but must also not encumber vision and, in turn, players' performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three different facial protection conditions on response time (RsT) and kinematics in a goal directed pointing task: helmet (control), visor, and cage. A 13 light target array and six-camera Vicon Mx system were used to collect response time and kinematic data. Subjects recruited were 16 male and 12 female varsity ice hockey players (n=28). Results demonstrated that although kinematics remained largely unaffected, throughout the visual field test RsT increased significantly with the cage (23 ms) as well as delayed head movement for both the visor (14 ms) and cage (18 ms). These differences may well represent a functional disadvantage to a player's performance given the dynamic, open environment where multiple players contest for puck possession. In summary, further research is warranted to achieve both optimal performance and safety.