To reduce manufacturing cost and time, a hole-pattern seal incorporating holes of larger diameter (12.19 mm (0.48 inches)) has been proposed. Experimental leakage and rotordynamic coefficients for this new seal design are presented. This experimental data was compared to theoretical results generated by ISOTSEAL a program developed by Kleynhans and Childs. Finally, the performance of this new hole-pattern seal was compared to a hole-pattern seal tested by Wade. The experiments are configured to investigate the influence of changes in pressure ratio, preswirl, rotor speed, and clearances on seal characteristics. Due to stator stability issues, the peak inlet pressures had to be varied to allow for testing. Consequently, to study the effect of inlet preswirl and clearance, data were non-dimensionalized or normalized. Cross-coupled coefficients were relatively frequency-independent while direct coefficients were functions of excitation frequency. For all test cases, the seal developed negative direct stiffness at low frequencies. Tests showed that pressure ratio had minimal effect on rotordynamic coefficients. Non-dimensional cross-coupled stiffness increased with increasing preswirl causing the seal to become less stable with increasing preswirl. Cross coupled stiffness increased with increasing running speed. Two clearances: 0.1 mm (4 mils) and 0.2 mm (8 mils) were tested. The results demonstrated that non-dimensionalized stiffness is greater for the smaller clearance. The larger clearance develops larger normalized direct damping values, and has enhanced stability. Rotordynamic predictions are poor for cross-coupled coefficients. Generally, ISOTSEAL over-predicts direct stiffness and under-predicts direct damping. Negative stiffness was not predicted by ISOTSEAL. Predictions do improve for the smaller clearance. ISOTSEAL does a good job of predicting non-dimensional leakage. Non-dimensionalized direct and effective stiffness were greater for the "old" hole-pattern seal tested by Wade. However, the "new" seal generally developed greater normalized direct damping and exhibited a lower cross-over frequency. Non-dimensionalized leakage was greater for the seal tested here. Production of this new seal proved to be more difficult than originally thought. The price of the new seal cost approximately the same as an original hole-pattern seal.

Purpose of this research is that capillary optic fiber transmission and energy distribution of internal energy. Contains only single from the initial silica capillary fiber energy transfer within the simulation, and then changing the different input conditions (different incident angles, multi- mode and single mode) optical observation of the capillary wall modes and modal distribution between hole mode. Mode simulation, containing only the capillary in the simple addition of a layer of high-dielectric fiber optic ring to change its transmission mechanism, by analog control of its high dielectric ring geometry (thickness) of air holes the size of its hole mode can simulate the type of transmission mode number. By single-and double- layer energy transfer capillary mode simulation and modal changes in different input conditions, and further understanding of the capillary mode fiber transmission characteristics. Combining the concept of adding fiber coupler and single-mode optical fiber capillary to produce a new original, and then by capillary tube method to make thick plugs can be more convenient and rapid production of a new type of coupler components.

When drilling offshore, shallow gas hazards are a major concern because of their potential to cause a major blowout. This is a special concern when drilling in shallower water, where the gas influx reaches the rig sooner. A common practice used to avoid the potential dangers of shallow gas is to drill a pilot hole through the shallow gas zone with the hope that the smaller diameter hole will prevent such a large influx. The use of dual-gradient top hole drilling technology would allow for a larger hole to be drilled and the possible gas influx to be killed dynamically, which I have simulated with the use of a top hole dual-gradient simulator.

Semiconductor has electronic bandgap because of the periodic potential barriers. Similarly, as shown in Yablonovitch and John¡¦s original idea in 1987, and the optical bandgap can be formed by arranging the dielectric material periodically, named photonic crystal. The innovation promotes vigorous development in the last twenty years. Many applications were discovered by using the idea of photonic crystal, such as waveguide, left-hand material, slow light, optical register, etc. Conventional fibers guide light in the core by the total internal reflection principle, but Russel and co-workers demonstrated fibers with a so-called photonic crystal cladding in 1996, and these fibers guide light by a new physical mechanism different from traditional fibers. Photonic crystal fibers can be simply divided into two groups, one is index guiding fiber and the other is photonic bandgap fiber. Both of them have 2D periodic structures with designed defect structure in the center. Hence light can be confined and guided by special defect modes. We have successfully demonstrated microstructured fibers which have 2D periodic structure by LHPG method. During the fabrication processes, capillaries may collapse due to the surface tension. We discuss the hole-collapse issue and our solution. Besides, the quality of fiber extremely depends on the stability of laser power of the LHPG system, so we design an efficient feedback control to improve it. We also discuss the fibers¡¦ SEM images and optical properties. Finally the future work refers to the drawing of 3D photonic crystal fiber and improving the sharp thermal gradient by using a sapphire tube.

We operated focus ion beam instrument (FIB) to etch array of cylindrical holes, with the diameter smaller than the wavelength of visible, on the sliver film. The sample was probed with the tungsten light source and the transmission spectrum of visible-NIR range was recorded with traix550 spectrometer with a cooling CCD. The optical extraordinary properties, such as the light can be transmitted through the holes array with the diameter of the hole smaller than the wavelength of the incident light and the enhancement of the efficiency, of the transmission of the subwavelength holes array were discussed. In this study, the factors affected the transmission spectrum of the subwavelength hole array, e.g.: the arrangement of the holes array, the material of the thin film, the diameter of the hole¡Kand so on, were researched. Besides, we modulated the effective dielectric property of the cavity of the subwavelength holes with the thermal evaporation method. It was pointed out that effective dielectric property of the cavity also influenced the optical properties of extraordinary transmission spectrum. We believe that our research was helpful to understand the physical properties of the subwavelength holes array.

Conventionally the size of the back clearance played a great importance on reducing the axial clearance by utilizing the concept that the decreased axial clearance results in lower axial force acting on the impeller. However, from the previous works on the effect of the back clearance on the hydrodynamic forces upon the semi-open impeller showed the opposite trend: increasing the back clearance results in the reduced axial loading. In this work, the CFD simulation of an entire pump and detailed analysis on the back clearance flow are performed. By utilizing the commercially available software, meshing and CFD simulations are performed. LDA data, unsteady pressure data, and pressure distributions on the housing are used to validate the CFD model. The flow field prediction of the back clearance flow is then compared with other researcher’s works of the gap flow analysis between the rotating and stationary disks. The flow field inside the impeller passage, which is very sensitive to the back clearance size, is also studied. The empirical equation for the leakage loss through the balance holes is produced using the CFD predictions.

Organic light-emitting Diode (OLED) emits light itself. It owns many advantages of optical-electronic characteristics as compared with Thin Films Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD). In order to achieve the requirement for full color flat panel display, the three primary colors which are red, green, blue (R,G,B) with high luminance¡Bhigh current efficiency¡Band high color purity are important study of research and development for OLED. In our experiment, the major materials are NPB¡BDPVBi¡BAlq3¡BLiF¡BPBD¡BDCJTB¡FThe materials of NPB¡BDPVBi¡BAlq3,LiF is used as hole transporting layer¡Bblue emission layer¡Belectron transporting layer, and electron injection layer, respectively. PBD is hole-blocking layer and DCJTB is red emission layer which is intended to indirectly demonstrate the hole-blocking effect in the interface between NPB and DPVBi layer. The blue light emission with short wavelength plays an important role in color conversion method (CCM) of full color technology. In the study, we improve and research on color purity of blue OLED by various thicknesses of organic layer. In addition, we research the influence of the device with different thicknesses of PBD layer as hole-blocking layer. In order to improve the color mixing phenomenon, we add extra DPVBi layer to the device with PBD layer. It can improve the blue color purity and obtain narrower full width at half maximum (FWHM).

Η συγκεκριμένη εργασία έχει ως θέμα τις τεχνικογεωλογικές συνθήκες της πόλης του Αιγίου και αναφέρεται στα αποτελέσματα της δειγματοληπτικής γεώτρησης Γ4 και γενικότερα στις επί τόπου δοκιμές γεωτεχνικής τύπου Cross Hole. / Its about geotechnics in Aigio city, and Cross hole drilling.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the applicability of a new multilateral well architecture in the domain of small size and offshore gas fields. The new architecture completely reverses the current multilateral technology. The innovative concept suggests that laterals can be achieved like any conventional wells. They could be drilled from the surface and tied back to a common wellbore referred to as the mother well. Production would go through the toe of laterals into the mother well. The mother well could be as simple as a large diameter casing equipped with prepared connections to tie in feeder wells. This study looked past the mechanical challenge of achieving the new architecture. I demonstrated important benefits in terms of cost reduction, well completion and operations, and reservoir drainage. I looked at a typical field case, Phoenix, located in West Africa. Its actual development plan targets an ultimate recovery of 600 BCF with a total of four sub-vertical wells. I implemented a new development scenario with the innovative multilateral architecture. For comparison purposes, I achieved a reservoir simulation and a production forecast with both scenarios. The only simulation variable was the well architecture definition. As a main result, the new multilateral structure could produce as many as four vertical wells with three slim-hole laterals. I achieved a quantitative risk analysis on both development plans. I assessed the development cost of each scenario and performed a Monte Carlo simulation to account for cost uncertainties. In addition to the actual 70 MMSCFD gas contract, I simulated a progressive gas demand increase of 20 MMSCFD every five years and a 150 MMSCFD gas market. The study demonstrates the economic benefits of the new technology in the domain of offshore and small gas fields. This work also shows that this new generation of multilaterals brings new option values to the domain of multilateral technology.

This work presents the design, fabrication, calibration and testing of a pressure-based three-component anemometer capable of measuring accurate wind speeds in extreme weather conditions. The groundwork, at the outset, covers the development of a 12-hole omni-directional flow-velocity measurement probe capable of measuring flows up to 155° from the probe axis. The new 12-hole design is optimal in the sense that the calculation of the four unknown flow quantities, i.e., two flow angles, flow speed and static pressure, is achieved with the minimum necessary number of holes/ports on the probe tip. The fact that this design has 33% lesser number of holes compared to an earlier design, has significant implications in the instrument’s spatial resolution, frequency response as well as cost of interfacing and usage. A prototype 12-hole probe with a spherical tip diameter of 3/8 inches was fabricated and tested. Good flow prediction accuracy was obtained. Further groundwork on multi-hole probe technology was carried out, developing new methods for correcting and refining the calibration and reduction procedures. When calibrating multi-hole velocity probes in a wind-tunnel, offset (or bias) errors often exist in the recorded flow angles due to errors in aligning the traverse system exactly with the flow direction and due to the angularity of the tunnel flow itself. These offset angles are hard to quantify from direct measurements with any degree of accuracy. Although usually small (less than 0.5° in most good calibrations), these errors still need to be corrected to increase the flow measurement accuracy of the probe. In this work, a method is developed that computes offset errors in all types of multi-hole probes – from the traditional 5- and 7-hole probes to the omni-directional 18-hole probe and the nextgeneration 12-hole probe – using simply the pressure data obtained during their calibration. The algorithm doubled the measurement accuracy for most probes. Other issues related to post-processing of the pressure data from flow studies, when the multihole probe encountered unsteady and reversed flow conditions, were also examined. The design of the anemometer (herein called a Weatherprobe) builds on that of the 12- hole probe and is capable of measuring wind velocities up to ±45° to the horizontal plane and 360° around the horizontal plane. Due to the non-conventional arrangement of its pressure ports, newly developed calibration and data-reduction algorithms were used. The probe was calibrated and its measurement accuracy assessed in a calibration facility. All associated instrumentation was assembled from the ground up and ruggedized for harsh-weather applications. Field tests performed over many days next to a 3-D sonic anemometer showed good agreement in measured flow properties, thus validating the entire Weatherprobe system. This probe has widespread applications in weather monitoring, wind energy potential estimations and structural wind load evaluations.