In this thesis, we proposed a delay limited routing scheme in wireless ad hoc networks. When nodes transmit packets in wireless ad hoc networks, most people think the one-hop way is better than the multi-hop way in reducing the delay time. Since most cases in wireless ad hoc networks are not single sources, we should consider at least two sources transmitting packets at the same time and then use the multi-hop way in order to reduce the energy consumption. We want to maximize the throughput with limited delay. Our contribution is to transform the optimal scheduling problem in wireless ad hoc networks to the classic maximum flow problem. The maximum flow approach does maximize the throughput and can get the optimal solution.

No description available.

The purpose of this project was to produce signal relay stations that could receive information via 2.4 GHz radio and relay the information to a designated target station. If a relay station was located outside of signal range for the target station it was supposed to utilize other relay stations to transfer the information to the target station, so called multi-hop. The would-be application of the relay stations was orienteering. When an orienteer punches a checkpoint the signal stations would relay information of who punched the control, when it was punched and the checkpoint that was punched to the speaker tower in the goal area. The work resulted in prototypes which fulfilled the statement of purpose and was tested at an orienteering competition with satisfactory results. The performance of the prototypes was tested and found adequate for the would-be application.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, November, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2008. / Directed by Charles Bolton; submitted to the Dept. of History. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 12, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-74).

Thesis (M.A. in English)--Vanderbilt University, Aug. 2007. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

O presente estudo entende que as várias formas de resistência popular somente podem arrancar da luta cotidiana os caminhos para a superação de todo tipo de exploração e opressão se assumirem um caráter pedagógico e contra-hegemônico. No caso do movimento hip-hop, tal caráter se expressa na elaboração de formas de resistência que lançam mão da cultura própria das comunidades pobres das grandes cidades para organizar formas concretas de protesto, organização e luta. Para responder às indagações colocadas por esta hipótese escolheu-se como objeto de estudo a atuação do coletivo fluminense de hip-hop Lutarmada, que participa das ações dos movimentos sociais do estado e em nível nacional. Suas intervenções por meio do rap, do grafite e do break unem arte, cultura, atividades de formação e conscientização contra-hegemônica que procuram apontar caminhos rebeldes e emancipadores para a juventude negra / This study hypothesizes that various forms of popular resistance can only overcome exploitation and oppression if they construct a pedagogical and counter-hegemonic project. In the case of the hip-hop movement, such a project may be expressed through the organization of concrete forms of protest, organization and struggle which draw on the very culture of poor communities in the large cities. To explore this question, this study analyzes the actions of the hip-hop collective Lutarmada which actively participates in social movements in the state of Rio de Janeiro and nationally in Brazil. Their interventions through rap, graffiti and breakdancing combine counter-hegemonic art, culture, training and political awareness activities which provide rebellious and emancipatory paths for black youth

The genre of film I decided to produce for my thesis in Media Studies (Film/Production) is that of a hip hop music video. In my written work, I explain how I aim to break out of techniques in hip hop music videos that perpetuate, knowingly or unknowingly, the white capitalist patriarchal heterosexual system of oppression. Instead, I incorporate my own and other positive imagery and techniques used in hip hop music videos that subvert the system of oppression and will reflect my positive lyrics. In addition, I briefly discuss hip hop feminism and its relation to hip hop music videos and social change. While my song and music video do not directly address these social issues, they make a statement by not including negative images or techniques and by showing a different way to approach a hip hop music video.

A pesquisa, na qual trilhamos esta caminhada acadêmica fundamenta-se na análise e interpretação sobre o Movimento Hip Hop e a sua relação com o ensino da Geografia. Ao longo deste estudo foram trabalhados conceitos geográficos que subsidiaram nossos argumentos, tais como: espaço, lugar, território e paisagem. Ainda dialogamos com alguns conceitos secundários porém, não menos importantes tais como: cultura, identidade, cidade, representações sociais, espaço-escola e comunicação. Ao mergulharmos nossas inquietações no movimento hip hop, buscamos verificar se é possível a lugarização do sujeito a partir de sua metalinguagem, facilitando, ou não a construção do conhecimento geográfico. Refinamos nossas argumentações transitando pela Teoria do Pensamento Complexo, de Edgar Morin que nos levou a interpolações questionadoras sobre as contradições do cotidiano dos Sujeitos rappers, avaliando sua cultura originária das ruas, guetos e da periferia, buscando a compreensão destas relações com o universo escolar e a aprendizagem; examinando suas ações e sua busca pela superação dos problemas sociais, preconceitos e abandono, tendo no conhecimento um objetivo importante em suas trajetórias. O estudo realizado teve como ferramenta a pesquisa qualitativa que nos possibilitou entrevistas semiabertas, buscando fugir das simplificações, dialogando, duvidando ou reafirmando, provisoriamente os conceitos sociais e geográficos. O espaço urbano, especialmente a periferia, foi o pano de fundo deste cenário pesquisado, lugar onde ocorrem as diferentes manifestações protagonizadas pelos Sujeitos jovens da cultura hip hop. / This research, in which we have walked this academic path, is based on the analysis and interpretation of the Hip-hop Movement and its relationship with the teaching of geography. Throughout this study some geographical concepts were used and subsided our arguments, such as space, place, territory and landscape. We will also dialogue with some secondary concepts – which nonetheless are not less important by this fact such as culture, identity, social representations, city, scholar space, and communication. As we plunge our concerns into the hip-hop movement, we wish to verify whether or not it is possible for the subject to find their geographical identity from its metalanguage, thus facilitating the construction of geographical knowledge. We immersed our arguments through Edgar Morin’s Complex Thinking Theory, which allowed us to interpolate questions to the contradictions of the rappers’ subject in everyday life, evaluating their culture, which comes from the streets, the ghettos, the suburbs, seeking to understand these relations with the school universe and with the learning process, examining their actions and their struggle to overcome their social problems as well as prejudice and neglection, having the knowledge as an important goal in their trajectories. This research used qualitative research as its main tool, allowing us to do semi-open interviews, attempting to avoid simplifications, dialoguing, questioning or reaffirming, in a provisional way, the social and geographical concepts. Urban space, its suburbs particularly, were the background for this research, the place where different actions occurs starred by these young subjects of hip hop culture.

O presente estudo entende que as várias formas de resistência popular somente podem arrancar da luta cotidiana os caminhos para a superação de todo tipo de exploração e opressão se assumirem um caráter pedagógico e contra-hegemônico. No caso do movimento hip-hop, tal caráter se expressa na elaboração de formas de resistência que lançam mão da cultura própria das comunidades pobres das grandes cidades para organizar formas concretas de protesto, organização e luta. Para responder às indagações colocadas por esta hipótese escolheu-se como objeto de estudo a atuação do coletivo fluminense de hip-hop Lutarmada, que participa das ações dos movimentos sociais do estado e em nível nacional. Suas intervenções por meio do rap, do grafite e do break unem arte, cultura, atividades de formação e conscientização contra-hegemônica que procuram apontar caminhos rebeldes e emancipadores para a juventude negra / This study hypothesizes that various forms of popular resistance can only overcome exploitation and oppression if they construct a pedagogical and counter-hegemonic project. In the case of the hip-hop movement, such a project may be expressed through the organization of concrete forms of protest, organization and struggle which draw on the very culture of poor communities in the large cities. To explore this question, this study analyzes the actions of the hip-hop collective Lutarmada which actively participates in social movements in the state of Rio de Janeiro and nationally in Brazil. Their interventions through rap, graffiti and breakdancing combine counter-hegemonic art, culture, training and political awareness activities which provide rebellious and emancipatory paths for black youth