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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

受雇者身材與其薪資關係之實證研究 / The Relationships between Employees’Physical Appearance and Wages

蔡培豪, Tsai,Pei-Hao Unknown Date (has links)
國外實證研究證實,個人外表與其在勞動市場的表現密切相關,但台灣目前尚無學者從美貌理論的面向,探討身材、相貌與個人薪資水平有無關係。因此,為了初探台灣勞動市場是否存有“平庸懲罰”和“俊美獎勵”的情況,本文以太子汽車工業股份有限公司之員工為研究對象,以BMI值外加相貌等級作為個人外表的觀察指標,檢驗太子汽車工業股份有限公司員工之身材、相貌,與其所獲取的薪資有無關連,期能藉此彌補相關文獻,多從個人特徵及人力資本考量勞動者薪資差異之不足。 本文以最小平方法(OLS),將男性非銷售人員、女性非銷售人員、及銷售人員分別估計。實證結果如下:首先,在男性非銷售人員部分,婚姻、教育與年資對其時薪皆有正面效果;國小以下子女數、年資平方及BMI值肥胖則有負面影響。其中,肥胖者時薪偏低的情況,可能與「雇主歧視」有關。至於男性非銷售人員之相貌則與其薪資無關。 其次,在女性非銷售人員部分,其估計結果與男性非銷售人員有極大的落差,僅有年齡和相貌與其時薪呈正相關;其餘的個人特徵及人力資本變數皆未達顯著水準。 最後在銷售人員部分,婚姻及教育程度與其時薪呈正相關;BMI值過輕對時薪則有不利的影響,此現象可能源自於消費者歧視。至於相貌等級與銷售人員的時薪無關。 部門間時薪比較的結果如下:就男性非銷售人員而言,部門員工平均時薪由高至低分別為總經理室、會計部、稽核室、售後服務本部、資訊部、管理部、國外部、法務部、採購部、塗裝部、營業本部、製造部、品保部、技術部、工務部、財務部及售後服務場。而女性非銷售人員之平均時薪由高至低則分屬國外部、總經理室、售後服務場、工務部、品保部、製造部、塗裝部及技術部。 。 / This study aims to apply the theory of beauty to the labor market in Taiwan and attempts to investigate determinants of the wage difference for the sake of being the supplement to the existing literature related to this research field which primarily consider the gender or human capital factors. This study takes the data form the data bank of Prince Motor Corporation. The total number of sample used in this study is 754 and the empirical employed in this study is OLS Model. The findings suggest that marital status, education, experience have a positive effect on non-sales men’s hourly wages; number of children under age 12, square of experience, and being overweight, a negative effect. For non-sales women, hourly wages are only significantly and positively affected by age and attractiveness. Compared with non-sales men, significant earnings premium for attractive are found for women. Finally, the sales people who are married and have higher education definitely have higher hourly wages and who are obese oppositely pay a penalty.
2

Essays on the German Labor Market since Unification

Seele, Stefanie Sophie 17 January 2019 (has links)
Das Ziel dieser Thesis ist es, Angebots- und Nachfragefaktoren in Deutschland seit der Wiedervereinigung zu analysieren. Drei verschiedene Arbeitsmarktmodelle dienen dazu: Ein Wettbewerbsmodell (Marshall (1920)), ein rigides Arbeitsmarktmodell (Pigou (1933)) und ein Matchingmodell (Pissarides (2000)). Unterschiedliche Hypothesen über den Zusammenhang von mehreren Arbeitsmarktindikatoren werden theoretisch hergeleitet und empirisch evaluiert. Diese Arbeit adressiert drei Forschungsfragen: Welcher Art ist das große Beschäftigungswachstum in Deutschland nach 2005? Waren Angebots- oder Nachfragefaktoren wichtiger für die Lohnspreizung nach 2003? Welche der zwei Hypothesen ist plausibel? a) Ein negativer Schock auf die Lohnstarrheit wegen sinkender Gewerkschaftsmacht und/oder beschäftigungsbewussten Lohnabschlüssen oder b) ein positiver Arbeitsangebotsschock aufgrund von Arbeitsmarktreformen. Die Antworten auf die drei Fragen sind: Das Beschäftigungswachstum seit 2005 vollzog sich primär über eine Ausweitung der Erwerbstätigen durch mehr Teilzeitarbeit. Die Lohnspreizung auch für Teilzeitbeschäftigte, welche mit einem eigens erstellten synthetischen Datensatz untersucht wird, begann 2003 und endete 2011. Die Kovariation des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts in dieser Zeit, also negative Korrelationen von Löhnen mit Beschäftigungs- bzw. Partizipationsmaßen, passen am besten zu einem Wettbewerbsmodell mit dominanten positiven Arbeitsangebotsschocks. Interpretation ist, dass diese positiven Angebotsschocks durch die Arbeitsmarktreformen induziert wurden. / The goal of this thesis is to analyze labor demand and labor supply factors in Germany since reunification. It is based on three different labor market frameworks: a competitive labor market model (Marshall (1920)), a rigid labor market model (Pigou (1933)), and a search-and-matching model (Pissarides (2000)). Differing hypothesis about the co-variation of labor market indicators are derived theoretically, and are evaluated empirically. Three research questions are addressed in this thesis: What is the nature of the large expansion of employment in Germany after 2005? Were supply or demand factors more important for the increase in employment and wage dispersion after 2003? Which of the two competing hypotheses is more plausible? a) A negative shock to wage rigidity due to declining union power and/or more employment-conscious wage bargaining, or b) a positive labor supply shock due to changes in labor market policies. The main findings corresponding to the three stated research questions are: The expansion of employment in Germany since 2005 has primarily been at the extensive margin due to the increase of part-time employment. The Dispersion of hourly wages, which is expanded in a synthetic panel to include part-time employment, began in 2003 and ended in 2011. The labor market outcomes in Germany in this period, namely the negative correlation of wages with employment and participation, correspond most closely to the competitive labor market model with dominant supply shocks. These positive labor supply shocks are interpreted to be induced by major labor market reforms.

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