Cities and their characteristics of energy use play an important role in climate change. While there is abundant research about the impact of energy use on transportation the impact of urban form and housing characteristics on residential energy use has not been considered widely. There is certainly a need to take a closer look about the residential energy use and housing relationships to identify planning implications. This study examines the relationship between various urban form, housing characteristics and the energy use that result from residential electricity and fuel use. Ordinary least squares regression methods are used to measure the correlations between energy consumption and variables describing housing and urban form characteristics in the metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. After controlling for differences in energy price and income, a positive relationship between residential energy consumption and a history of greater rates of land conversion was found. This study also finds significantly higher energy use associated with a greater incidence of detached single-family housing when compared against high-rise buildings. A correlation between increased rate of row housing and lower energy use was found as well. This study can contribute to a literature that can help planners to create more environmentally- friendly cities by contributing to the understanding of the impacts that certain energy- related housing characteristics have on the sustainability of a city. The literature regarding smart growth and new urbanism should explore potential impacts on household energy consumption in its discussion of urban planning along with considering impacts on transportation related energy use.

本研究利用中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心華人家庭研究第十五年計畫 (RR2014)的資料，實證模型採用Ordered Probit Model，檢驗全體樣本中個人特性變數、房屋類型變數、房屋特性變數對快樂程度的影響。 全體樣本實證結果顯示，在個人特性變數中，所受教育年數愈長、有伴侶、自認健康狀況良好、對目前生活感到滿意，對快樂程度有顯著正向的影響，而男性、有從事道教活動者對快樂程度有顯著負向的影響。而在房屋類型變數中，居住別墅、透天或居住大樓者相對於居住公寓者在快樂程度上有顯著正向的影響。在房屋特性變數中，花在家具和耐久財設備的金額越多、每人平均坪數越大、住宅有做工廠的用途，對快樂程度有顯著正向的影響，而住宅有做商店用途者對快樂程度有顯著負向的影響。 / This paper empirically investigates the effect of housing on happiness. Using the data of Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PFSD) based on RR2014, our estimation results obtained from Ordered Probit Model show that personal characteristics, housing type, and housing characteristics are significantly associated with happiness. Among these variables, Education, marriage, health status, life satisfaction, residing in villa, residing in townhouse, residing in building, consumption of durables, the average square footage per person, and the house with factory use have positive impact on happiness. On the other hand, gender, religious, and the house with store use have negative impact on happiness.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / African female migrants make up a large portion of the population in general and in South Africa in particular. This includes both the documented and the undocumented female migrants. Nonetheless, they are confronted with a housing challenge in the countries of destination. This study seeks to examine the types of housing, the methods of housing acquisition, and the size of housing that African female migrants have access to. This study used secondary data of the 2001 and 2011 Population Censuses, gathered from the (Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) database to look into African female migration and housing acquisition in South Africa. The study used the Chi-square test statistic to measure the relationship between the variables of interest.

I detta arbete beskrivs intresset för och kännedomen om tre innovativa boendeformer som riktar sig till unga vuxna mellan 18 och 35 år på den svenska bostadsmarknaden. Det belyser det befintliga beståndet av bostäder och unga vuxnas största hinder för att erhålla en bostad. Arbetet tar sin utgångspunkt i den rådande bostadsbristen i Sverige, där flertalet grupper av olika skäl upplever hinder att ta sig in på bostadsmarknaden. Detta bidrar till att offentliga aktörer och olika bostadsutvecklare behöver hitta nya sätt för att underlätta för utsatta grupper att erhålla en bostad. Studien baseras på litteraturstudier av bland annat tidigare forskning, enkätundersökningar med unga vuxna och intervjuer med representanter från olika delar av branschen. Resultaten visar ett intresse för, men låg kännedom om, de tre boendeformerna: hyrköp, ungdomsettor och kooperativa hyresrätter. Dessa är alla anpassade för att avhjälpa problematiken för vissa inom målgruppen, särskilt gruppen unga vuxna, att ta sig in på bostadsmarknaden. / This work concerns the examination of the interest and awareness of three innovative forms of housing that target young adults between the ages of 18 and 35 in the Swedish housing market. It also describes the existing stock of housing and highlights the most serious obstacles for the target group to obtain an accommodation. The work takes it’s starting point in the current housing shortage in Sweden where many groups for various reasons are hindered from the housing market for various reasons. The market is in need for public actors and various housing developers to find new ways to remedy the problem of obtaining an accommodation for these vulnerable groups. The study is based on previous research, surveys with young adults and interviews with intermediaries from different parts of the industry as a methodology. The results show an interest for, but low knowledge about the three types of housing: rent purchases, youth sets and cooperative rental apartments adapted for young adults. These are all adapted to reduce the problem for some persons within the target group to enter the housing market.