The aim of this thesis is to study the influence that the human resource allocation process carried out at ALLEGION has over the employee satisfaction level of its employees. ALLEGION is an international manufacturing project-oriented company based in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, which operates with over 8,500 employees. Up until the development of this thesis, ALLEGION had never contemplated the job satisfaction level of its employees as a result of the human resource allocation process carried out in the company. Some studies have previously paid attention to the impact that best practices in human resource management have in employee performance, however, to our knowledge, it has never been discussed how the allocation of the human resources in a company can influence job satisfaction. For this reason, we believe is pertinent to conduct a study focusing on this topic. This thesis is presented as a case study of ALLEGION which follows a qualitative method and an inductive approach, where we as researchers, explored the influence that the current method followed by the company to allocate its human resources to projects has over the job satisfaction level of its employees. The first section of this thesis is dedicated to discuss the background of our research topic and to examine relevant literature focused in the subjects of human resource allocation and employee satisfaction. As part of this section, we encountered that four factors are consistently mentioned in the literature related to these core topics having an intrinsic relationship among them. We found that these factors were utilised by some scholars in the development of models to optimise the human resource allocation process and also during the measurement of employee satisfaction in different contexts. The four factors are: personal qualifications –referring to skills utilisation and expertise–, personal aspirations –referring to career development and personal growth–, group relationships –referring to personal relationships with co-workers and managers–, and finally, personal motivations –referring to job motivations–. At the end of this section we present a theoretical model that summarises our findings and highlights the correlations of the factors we identified from the literature. The central part of this thesis focuses on our practical method which comprised nine interviews with employees and project managers of ALLEGION. Our interviews were aimed to discover the relationship and influence that the human resource allocation process implemented in the company had over the job satisfaction level in its employees respectively. As part of our findings we discovered that four elements were contributors to such influence and simultaneously were related to the findings obtained during our literature review. Based upon these four factors, we drew our conclusions for the study. As a conclusion of this thesis, we found that the human resource allocation process conducted at ALLEGION holds a significant influence in the job satisfaction of its employees working in projects, and that four distinct factors should be taken into consideration during the process that functional managers carry out when they have to allocate their human resources to a certain project. These factors are: skills utilisation, career development, individual relationships of the employees with their co-workers and managers, and finally, job motivations. We concluded that the extent to which these elements are considered as part of the decision-making involved in the human resource allocation process will bring as a result a positive or negative outcome in terms of employee satisfaction among the projects of the organisation.

Avec le développement rapide de l'Internet des objets et de l'économie mondiale basée sur Internet, les relations entre les différents concepteurs du monde entier sont de plus en plus importantes et sont façonnées par de nombreux nouveaux défis, telles que la multiplication des données et des informations, la personnalisation de masse, la collaboration mondiale, la pénurie de ressources, une technologie dynamique, etc. La réussite du processus de conception dépend de l'efficacité de la communication entre les acteurs du processus de conception. Cela conduit à une allocation de plus en plus complexe des ressources humaines et à une gestion des risques de plus en plus difficile dans les projets de conception. De nombreuses entreprises et instituts ont mis au point leur propre méthode d’allocation des ressources humaines et de gestion des risques pour le processus de conception. Cependant, ces méthodologies prennent en compte les compétences et l'expertise du concepteur, mais ne pensent que rarement à l'interaction de groupe, à l'expérience de collaboration et à l'analyse de la personnalité du concepteur. Par conséquent, dans ce travail, nous proposons une allocation de ressources humaines prenant en compte les idées ci-dessus pour gérer efficacement le processus de conception. / With the rapid development of internet of things and the internet driven global economy, the relationship among various designers from all over the world are getting closer, and the relationships among them in the project are shaped by many new challenges such as multiplication of data and information, mass customization, global collaboration, scarcity of resources, dynamic technology, etc. The engineering design depends on the efficiency of communication between actors in the design process. This leads to an increasingly complex of the human resource allocation and a more and more difficult risk management in design project. Many companies and institutes have developed their own human resource allocation and risk management method to the design process. However, these methodologies consider about the skills and expertise of the designer, but rarely think about the group interaction, experience working together ability and the personality analysis of the designer. Therefore, in this work, we propose human resource allocation which consider about the ideas above to effectively managing the design process.

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-02T18:37:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP JOSE SANTOS SANTANA 2013.pdf: 1497708 bytes, checksum: 95edefd856737d3300929e1bee655dda (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-02T19:00:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP JOSE SANTOS SANTANA 2013.pdf: 1497708 bytes, checksum: 95edefd856737d3300929e1bee655dda (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-02T19:00:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP JOSE SANTOS SANTANA 2013.pdf: 1497708 bytes, checksum: 95edefd856737d3300929e1bee655dda (MD5) / A Fundação Estatal Saúde da Família (FESF-SUS) é uma iniciativa inovadora, que investe na capacidade do Estado Brasileiro em modernizar-se para ofertar aos seus cidadãos, de maneira mais eficiente, serviços considerados essenciais pela Constituição Federal de 1988. Este processo de modernização do Estado não pode vir apartado da aquisição de novas ferramentas e referenciais teóricos, que serão fundamentais para auxiliar no processo de gestão desses novos modelos. A Teoria dos Custos de Transação (TCT) é um referencial com potencial interessante para cumprir este papel. Este trabalho tem como objetivos definir e analisar as transações necessárias à oferta de serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), baseado no referencial teórico TCT, e comparar os custos associados à transação “alocação de recursos humanos” realizada sob coordenação da administração direta municipal e da FESF-SUS. Para isto, foi realizado um estudo de análise de custos de transação na APS, em duas etapas, cada uma respondendo a um dos objetivos enunciados. A execução do trabalho, em ambas as etapas, consistiu em um processo de produção de dados, realizado através de consulta a documentos públicos, e sua posterior análise. Constatou-se que a transação “alocação de recursos humanos”, quando coordenada pela administração direta, sem salvaguardas contratuais, apresenta custos de transação ex ante de baixa intensidade, o que explica ainda ser o modelo mais frequentemente adotado nos municípios da Bahia. Já o modelo híbrido possui custos de transação ex ante maiores do que a contratação direta sem salvaguardas, o que demanda capacidade e disposição para um investimento inicial pelo gestor, em um cenário de escassez acentuada. Além disso, por possuir uma estrutura administrativa centralizada e especializada, os custos ex post deste modelo são altos em um cenário de baixa adesão dos municípios baianos (sem ganho de escala). Portanto, para viabilização do modelo híbrido, é necessário um investimento inicial dos governos, para minoração dos custos ex ante para os municípios. Além disso, aprimorar os mecanismos de salvaguarda contratual, coibindo comportamentos oportunistas por parte dos contratantes, é fundamental. Por fim, constatou-se que a TCT pode consolidar-se como um instrumental teórico importante para a tomada de decisões estratégica na gestão de serviços de saúde.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The tasks allocation process is a key activity in project management. Being able to conciliate the people profile, as well their professional aspirations is a real challenge for managers. Software projects differ from the rest because of its intangibility and complexity, characteristics that contribute to the failure of these projects. In addition, such projects depend on skilled and highly specialized manpower and the knowledge to motivate and develop them is an extremely important factor for achieving success in this area. Thus, this document sought to present a model of task allocation in software projects that considers, in addition to organizational goals (cost, time, etc.), the professional aspirations of the participating members. The proposed strategy for research is through the simulation of multi-agent systems, systems generally used for behavioral simulation entities. Through this model was intended to provide the manager a tool to aid in decision making in the process of task allocation in software development companies, allowing them to view different scenarios and strategies, looking for producing a better performance in project implementation and greater people satisfaction. / O processo de atribuição de tarefas é uma atividade chave na gerência de projetos. Ser capaz de conciliar o perfil das pessoas, bem como seus anseios profissionais nesse processo é um desafio para gestores. Projetos de software diferem dos demais devido a sua intangibilidade e complexidade, características que contribuem ao fracasso desses projetos. Além disso, tais projetos dependem de mão-de-obra altamente especializada e capacitada e saber motivá-las e desenvolvê-las é um fator de extrema importância para alcançar êxito nessa área. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho buscou apresentar um modelo de alocação de tarefas em projetos de software que considera, além dos objetivos organizacionais (custos, prazos, entre outros), os anseios profissionais dos membros participantes. A estratégia proposta para a investigação é através da simulação de sistemas multiagentes, sistemas geralmente utilizados para simulação de entidades comportamentais. Com esse modelo pretendeu-se prover ao gestor uma ferramenta de auxílio na tomada de decisão no processo de alocação de tarefas em empresas de desenvolvimento de software, permitindo a visualização de diversos cenários e estratégias, gerando dessa forma melhor desempenho na execução de projetos e maior satisfação dos profissionais.

Detta Examensarbete utfördes som en fallstudie Saab Combat Systems, som är och undersöker utmaningar i form av beroenden och osäkerheter som uppstår i Multiprojekt-Organisationer. Dessa utmaningar verkar orsaka konflikter och tvetydigheter i Multiprojekt-Organisationer gällande exempelvis, kommunikation, resursallokering, produktutveckling samt maktstrukturer mellan olika roller (Engwall & Jerbant, 2003; Dahlgren & Söderlund, 2010). Detta Examensarbete behandlar dessa utmaningar genom att undersöka och besvara följande forskningsfrågor: Vilka utmaningar i form av beroenden och osäkerheter existerar på Saab Combat Systems? Hur kan dessa utmaningar hanteras? Våra resultat visar att tre olika typer av beroenden uppstår i Multiprojekt-Organisationer som utvecklar komplexa produkter och system; organisatoriska beroenden, tekniska beroenden och resursberoenden. Dessa tre beroenden verkar påverka varandra och resultera i osäkerheter när flera projekt hanteras samtidigt. Dessutom ökar nivån av osäkerhet i projekt på grund av osäkerheter i relation till maktstrukturer samt utveckling av komplexa produkter och system. De tre identifierade beroende inkluderar projektosäkerheter samt projektberoenden. Vi har valt ut tre stycken olika typer av Management Control Systems; Projektkontor, Projektportföljhantering samt Programhantering och drar slutsatsen att de kan användas för att hantera de tre identifierade beroendena Multiprojekt-Organisationer. Vi har dock upptäckt att dessa Management Control Systems har både fördelar och nackdelar gällande hantering av de tre olika typer av beroenden. Alla identifierade beroenden och osäkerheter kan följaktligen hanteras genom att kombinera olika Management Control Systems. Dessutom har vi kompletterat en redan utvecklad modell av Dahlgren & Söderlund (2010) genom att kartlägga de tre beroendena, som tar hänsyn till projektosäkerheter och projektberoenden, samt vilken typ av Management Control Systems som är mest lämplig för att hantera dessa beroenden. / This Master Thesis was conducted as a case study at Saab Combat Systems investigating challenges in form of dependencies and uncertainties that emerge in Multi-Project Organizations. These challenges seem to cause conflicts and ambiguity in Multi-Project Organizations regarding for instance; communication, human resources allocation, product development and power structures between different roles (Engwall & Jerbant, 2003; Dahlgren & Söderlund, 2010). Thereby, this Master Thesis addresses these challenges by investigating and answering the following research questions: What challenges in form of dependencies and uncertainties exist at Saab Combat Systems? How can these challenges be addressed? Our Results display that three different types of dependencies exists in Multi-Project Organizations developing Complex Products and Systems; organizational dependencies, technical dependencies and resources dependencies. These three dependencies seem to be connected, and therefore result in uncertainties when managing multiple projects. Additionally, uncertainties in relation to the power structure as well as development of Complex Products and Systems tend to increase the level of project uncertainty. The three identified dependencies include both project uncertainties and project dependencies. We have chosen three different Management Control Systems; Project Management Office, Project Portfolio Management and Programme Management and conclude that they can be utilized in order to address the three identified dependencies in Multi-Project Organizations. However, we have found that these Management Control Systems have benefits as well as shortcomings when addressing different types of dependencies. Consequently, by combining them, all of the identified dependencies and uncertainties can be addressed. Furthermore, we have complemented an already developed model by Dahlgren & Söderlund (2010) by mapping the three identified dependencies, which consider project uncertainties and project dependencies, as well as which Management Control System is most appropriate when addressing these three dependencies.