Marx Creek, near Hyder in southeast Alaska, is a groundwater-fed, artificial salmon-spawning stream that was constructed to enhance the habitat of the atypically large chum salmon. The success of the upper Marx Creek has been limited primarily by the infiltration of silty water from the Salmon River through its flood-control dike, which results in a turbid stream environment that is not conducive to salmon spawning. The purpose of this project was to determine whether baseflow from the groundwater system is sufficient to support a proposed 1,000-foot extension of Marx Creek. The extension would be constructed approximately 500 feet east of the existing channel, and would connect with the existing Marx Creek at a point downstream of the sediment-settling stream cell. The location of the new channel would prevent the turbid water from reaching the new channel, as it would flow into and settle out in the existing Marx Creek. In order to accomplish this purpose, 20 monitoring wells were installed. Water level data were collected in each of the monitor wells. Slug and pumping tests were performed to determine the hydraulic conductivity at each of the well locations. Discharge measurements were also collected in July 2006 and July 2007. These data were used to create a three-dimensional groundwater flow model using Visual MODFLOW. The model was calibrated to hydraulic head measurements and Marx Creek discharge. After achieving model calibration, three predictive simulations were run. In the first simulation the proposed extension was added to the calibrated model. The result was that baseflow to the extension significantly exceeded baseflow to Marx Creek, and that the addition of the proposed extension reduced baseflow to Marx Creek by 17%. In the second simulation, Marx Creek was removed from the model, while the proposed extension remained. The result was that discharge in the extension increased by 5%. In the third simulation a 1.06-foot drop in the model's hydraulic head was simulated, and the result was that discharge in the extension decreased by 18%. Based on these results, it is likely that baseflow to the proposed extension would be sufficient to provide habitat conducive to salmon spawning.

Submitted by Biblioteca do Instituto de Física (bif@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-14T19:20:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcel N Oliveira_Mestrado_UFF.pdf: 4519413 bytes, checksum: c433d3349c9b78949e508a919bf89ad8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T19:20:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcel N Oliveira_Mestrado_UFF.pdf: 4519413 bytes, checksum: c433d3349c9b78949e508a919bf89ad8 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Um filamento solar entrou em erupção no dia 1 de Novembro de 2014, com início às 04:44 UT e uma duração de cerca de três horas, resultando em uma explosão solar (flare) do de classe C2.7. O flare foi associado com o desaparecimento súbito de um grande filamento. O filamento foi ejetado para o espaço, formando um núcleo de uma emissão de massa coronal (CME). A localização da explosão foi na região sudeste do sol (perto da borda oriental do sol), isto significa que a região não é geoefetiva. Uma tempestade de radiação, isto é, partículas energéticas solares (SEP) começaram a chegar à Terra em torno de 14:00 UT, atingindo a condição do nível S1 (menor) na escala NOAA de tempestades de radiação, em 2 de Novembro. Em coincidência com o início da tempestade de radiação S1 (SEP acima de 5 MeV), os telescópios Tupi localizados no IF-UFF, em Niterói – RJ, região que está localizada dentro da Anomalia do Atlântico Sul (SAA) detectou um excesso de múons, originados por partículas (prótons) relativísticas emitidas na explosão solar. Além disso, também foi encontrado em um aumento na intensidade de partículas observado no monitor de nêutrons localizado no Polo Sul. Isto significa que houve uma propagação transversal ao campo magnético interplanetário de partículas energéticas solares. No entanto, mostra-se que a difusão perpendicular sozinha não pode explicar estas observações, é necessária uma combinação com outros processos como uma velocidade muito alta, pelo menos de uma fração dos choques CME, perto do plano da eclíptica. / A solar filament erupted on November the 1st, 2014, started at 04:44 UT with a duration of about 3 hours, resulting in a solar flare of the type C2-7. The flare was associated with the sudden disappearance of a big filament. The filament was ejected to the space, forming the nucleus of a coronal mass ejection (CME). The explosion was localized in the southeast region of the sun (near sun’s oriental border), this means that the region is not geoeffective. A radiation storm i.e solar energetic particles (SEP) started to arrive on Earth around 14:00 UT, reaching the level S1 (minor) condition on the NOAA scale of radiation storms, on November the 2nd. Coinciding with the start of the S1 radiation storm (SEP above 5 MeV), the Tupi telescopes localized in IF-UFF, Niterói – RJ, region that is localized within the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) detected an excess of muons, originated from relativistic particles (protons) emitted on the solar explosion. Furthermore, an increase of the intensity of particles observed on the neutron monitor localized on the south pole. This means that a transversal, to the interplanetary magnetic field, propagation of solar energetic particles occurred. Nonetheless, is shown that the perpendicular diffusion alone can not explain this observations, a combination with other processes is necessary like a very high speed, of at least a fraction of the CME shocks, around the ecliptic plane.

This assignment aims to explore and analyze the picture books I skogen by Eva Lindström, Furan by Lisen Adbåge, Om dagen tar slut by Lisa Hyder and Naturen by Emma AdBåge, through an ecocritical study of subjekt formations. The studying of children's literatre, in relatoin to both the anthropocene and environmenantal discourse, gives an insight into the way man and nature are narrated and how subject positions are challenged. When analyzing such subjects this essay uses The Nature in Culture Matrix, created by the research group Nature in Children's Literature and Culture. The main concepts presented throughout this text include anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, celebrated nature and problematasing nature. This thesis examines how modern picture books protest against the former independent, free and courageous child that was encouraged to put themselves before others. Such a chliche is evident when characters defy a common pattern of action and how anthropomorphizations of nature can highlight the ecocritical way of thinking. It is further evident that pictre books, through intrigue, problematize the human subject and draw parallels to everything that is living. To conclude, the results show that the child as a subject either is challenged or replaced by nature.