Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (p.100-101).

Orientador: Paulo Vatavuk / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T17:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaliniJunior_Luis_M.pdf: 15139226 bytes, checksum: aa068532965e118fcf5ad622f3471d4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Atualmente a água para consumo humano caracteriza-se, cada vez mais, por agregar valor econômico e social, face à relação estratégica entre a sua demanda crescente em detrimento da oferta tendendo a escassez, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos, desta forma, a ocorrência de elevados índices de perdas físicas nos sistemas de abastecimento de água constitui um grande problema a ser enfrentado visando à busca de soluções técnicas capazes de reduzir estes indicadores a níveis mínimos aceitáveis. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho busca demonstrar a relação entre, pressão dinâmica, idade e tipo de material da tubulação e a ocorrência de perdas físicas em rede de distribuição num sistema de abastecimento de água (SAA), propondo um modelo de diagnóstico e controle de perdas físicas, baseado na integração de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) e um modelo hidráulico desenvolvido para a rede de distribuição na área de estudo, os quais em conjunto, reúnem informações do cadastro técnico, monitoramento de vazão (ofertada e consumida) e de pressão dinâmica, levantados na área de interesse, os dados de ocorrência de rupturas e fugas em redes e ramais de distribuição, levantados no sistema interno de serviços (SIS), procurando conferir ao processo de análise, dinamismo e confiabilidade. Através da coleta, manipulação e análise dos dados contemporâneos monitorados em campo e de correlações teóricas é possível a identificação de ocorrência de perdas físicas nos componentes do SAA, bem como, diagnosticar a localização aproximada promovendo maior agilidade operacional no controle e redução de perdas físicas. Para a aplicação prática, foi escolhida uma área piloto, denominada Ponte Grande, a qual configura dentre as áreas implantadas no âmbito das atividades do Comitê Interno de Controle e Redução de Perdas de Água (CICRP) para o Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto (SAAE) do município de Guarulhos - S.P., para qual foi desenvolvido o modelo hidráulico e executadas campanhas de monitoramento de campo no interior área em questão, buscando levantar e/ou checar dados e informações necessárias à calibração do modelo hidráulico para a rede de distribuição primária e secundária existente no interior deste setor de monitoramento. Através dos dados de pressão dinâmica atuante, verificação do cadastro técnico de rede em campo, levantamento da demanda de consumo, foi possível estabelecer uma correlação com os dados de ocorrência operacionais indutoras de perdas físicas, permitindo algumas conclusões, quais sejam, verificar que as maiores incidências de perdas físicas ocorrem onde o gradiente de pressão dinâmica é elevado e, sobretudo onde este gradiente coincide com trechos de rede, cujas instalações são relativamente mais antigas e material em ferro fundido. É possível, com a ajuda deste estudo, avaliar a necessidade de remanejamento de redes, através de um plano priorizado pela idade e tipo de material instalado, visando à redução das perdas físicas de água. / Abstract: Nowadays, the water for human consumption has been adding social and economic considerable values, due to its strategic relationship between the increasing demand in detriment to the offer, tending to scarcity, mainly in the big centers, so the occurrence of high levels of physical losses, in the water supply system (WSS), has become a great problem to be faced, seeking for technical solutions that are able to reduce the indicators to the minimum acceptable levels. In this context the present dissertation wants to show the relationship between dynamic pressure, age and type of material of pipeline and physical losses in the water supply systems (WSS), offering a diagnostic and control model of physical losses, based on the integration of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and a hydraulic model, developed to the study area network supply, have joined information from the technical survey, monitoring the flowing (offered and consumed) and of dynamic pressure, shown in the interest area, as well as, the occurrence data of ruptures and leakage in the WSS, raised in the information system of services (SIS), trying to confer to the analysis process, dynamism and reliability. Through the assessment, manipulation and the analysis of the contemporary data, monitored in field and the theoretical correlations, it is possible to identify the occurrence of physical losses in the components of WSS, as well as, diagnose the close location, promotion more operational agility in the control and reduction of physical losses. To apply the practice, it is chosen a pilot area, called Ponte Grande, which had inserted in the established areas in the activities of the Committee for Internal Control and Reduction of Water Losses (ICRWL) for the Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto (SAAE) in the municipality of Guarulhos-SP., to where, It was developed a hydraulic model and monitoring campaigns inside the area in question, seeking to get and check the data and the necessary information for the hydraulic model calibration to the primary and secondary water distribution network. Through the dynamic pressure data, network technical register verification, demand and consumption water data, it was possible to establish a correlation with physical losses operational occurrence data, allowing some conclusions, such as, verify that most of the incidences of physical losses occurs where the dynamic pressure gradient is high and, above all, where this gradient coincides with piping parts, whose installations are old and the material used was cast iron. It is possible, to evaluate, with this study, the necessity of replacing the piping, through a priority plan, according t the age and type of material used, seeking for the reduction of water physical losses. / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

A comprehensive experimental program dealing with three-dimensional overtopping and breach development as well as two-dimensional overtopping physical tests of noncohesive earth embankments has been conducted on scale models in the Hydraulic Laboratory at the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Ottawa. The experimental program which consisted of three phases focused on geotechnical and hydraulic aspects of the embankment breach mechanism. The first two phases focused on two test series for the three-dimensional breach overtopping tests: drainage and compaction. The test series were designed to determine the embankment breach characteristics using test parameters which have not been adequately identified or controlled in past noncohesive physical models: initial soil-water state and optimum dry unit weight. Both parameters were controlled in laboratory tests by means of compaction effort and seepage through the embankment body, respectively. The dynamic compaction technique employed in the preliminary experimental phase was refined to represent a more realistic method. A novel method was thus designed to simulate the construction of a real-size prototype embankment, where a vibratory and static load was used to apply and control, respectively, the compaction effort. The hydraulic aspects of the embankment breach mechanism were also investigated. For the first time, scale series tests have been used to assess the Froude criterion using tilted and quasi-exact geometric scales under very low inflow within the scope of three-dimensional breach overtopping. Data measurements included a time-history of water surface levels and video footage captured from three locations: upstream, downstream and above the embankment models. The analysis for the spatial breach overtopping tests involved measurement of the breach outflow hydrograph and breach channel evolution at the upstream slope, using hydrologic routing and a developed photogrammetric technique using the video footage, respectively. An expression which estimates the breach outflow based on this apparent upstream control section was therefore derived. The relationship between the measured and estimated breach outflow was expressed in terms of breach discharge efficiency. The third phase of the experimental program was comprised of two-dimensional overtopping tests to investigate the erodibility of a steep slope in overtopped noncohesive embankment models. A novel experimental two-dimensional configuration used to measure the pore-water-pressures within the embankment model body was developed using micro and standard tensiometer-transducer-probe assemblies, designed, assembled and tested at the Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory. A transient flownet analysis was developed using ArcGIS and the time-history of the pore-water-pressure measurements. All flow parameters were computed using the free water surface and bed profiles captured using a photogrammetric technique and the developed hydrologic routing method. Using the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations, an analytical expression for the bed shear stress was derived to take into account the effects of unsteady flow, boundary seepage and steep slopes. Using the measured erosion rates and the sediment continuity principle, the bed mobility relationship expressed by the Shields and transport parameters was revisited to account for the effects of unsteady and supercritical flow on a downstream steep slope in the presence of boundary seepage. This novel transient flownet approach will lead to the development of new sediment mobility relationships for breach flows, instead of the classical sediment transport-capacity formulations which are based on steady, subcritical and normal flow conditions.

This study reviews the current knowledge and state of the practice for handling floating debris for dam safety. This report is a guidance to improve the understanding of risks of floating debris for dam safety and of countermeasures for risk reduction. The strengths and limitations of current approaches related to dam vulnerability assessment and handling strategies are discussed and recommendations are provided. Several countries experienced issues with floating debris which often led to severe damages to  dam spillways. High and extreme flood events could be responsible for similar incidents in Sweden which requires to systematically assess dam vulnerability to floating debris and examine suitable countermeasures. A vulnerability assessment involves investigating the potential for debris production, for debris transport to the dam facility and for blockage and drawdown at spillways. Various concepts for reducing the vulnerability of dam spillways to floating debris were presented in the technical literature. Countermeasures for floating debris management based on a river perspective approach involve controlling the debris yield produced in a catchment, the interception of floating debris in tributaries and reservoirs and measures taken at dam spillways to facilitate floating debris passage. Floating debris management often requires opting for a combination of suitable and cost-efficient measures rather than a single line of defense.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-06T16:10:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS14MA140.pdf: 1574830 bytes, checksum: 4217f8ffb682e61890fd939d7f9ca3e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T16:10:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS14MA140.pdf: 1574830 bytes, checksum: 4217f8ffb682e61890fd939d7f9ca3e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-25 / Capes / Several techniques have been used to obtain soil water retention curve. Direct methods are time consuming and costly. Mathematical techniques have been used to replace direct methods through pedotransfer functions (PTFs), using predictors easily obtained and inexpensive to obtain parameters that expend more time and resources. PTFs generated from multiple regressions have shown reliable results but requires great knowledge of statistics. A new approach to obtaining PTFs, artificial neural networks (ANN) that does not require prior knowledge of statistical and database minimum, have been used in various areas of knowledge, and have been shown to be accurate and reliable. The study aimed to compare the efficiency of ANNs and multiple regressions to generate PTFs for estimating the retention and availability of water in soils of Santa Catarina state, located in a subtropical zone (region) of Brazil. The PTFs were generated for 940 horizons of representative soils of St. Catarina having as input data the particle size distribution (seven classes), the organic matter content, bulk density, particle density and output data water retention between from zero to 1500 kPa tension. The ANNs were generated using the software WEKA, with six neurons in the hidden layer using the error backpropagation algorithm (Multilayer Perceptron) and the cross-validation to stratify sample. Results showed that PTFs obtained from ANNs are more efficient than multiple regression. The PTFs that include specific texture data (five classes of sand), soil organic matter, soil bulk density, particle density, total porosity and their interactions better estimate the retention and availability of water in these soils. From these results, it is possible to develop a program that uses these PTFs generated to provide these values of SWRC, and is therefore an extremely useful tool for studies about soil water retention and avaibility / Várias técnicas vêm sendo utilizadas para obtenção da curva de retenção de água no solo. Como métodos diretos demandam tempo e são de alto custo, tem sido estudadas funções de pedotransferência (FPTs), as quais utilizam preditores de fácil obtenção e baixo custo para obter os parâmetros. FPTs geradas a partir de regressões múltiplas têm mostrado resultados confiáveis, mas exigem grande conhecimento estatístico para sua determinação. Uma nova abordagem para obtenção de FPTs é o uso de redes neurais artificiais (RNAs), que não exigem conhecimento prévio estatístico e podem ser obtidas utilizando-se um banco de dados mínimos. As RNAs vêm sendo utilizadas em diversas áreas do conhecimento, e têm se mostrado precisas e confiáveis. Este trabalho teve por objetivo comparar a eficiência de RNAs e regressões múltiplas na geração de FPTs para estimar a retenção e a disponibilidade de água em solos do estado de Santa Catarina. As FPTs foram geradas a partir de 940 horizontes de solos representativos de Santa Catarina, tendo como dados de entrada a granulometria (sete classes de tamanhos de partículas), o teor de matéria orgânica, a densidade do solo e de partículas e, como dados de saída, a retenção de água nas tensões de 0 até 1.500 kPa. As RNAs foram geradas utilizando o software WEKA, tendo como arquitetura a rede Multilayer Perceptron, com seis neurônios na camada escondida, utilizando-se a função de retropropagação do erro (Backpropagation) e validação cruzada para estratificar a amostra. As FPTs obtidas a partir de RNAs são mais eficientes que as regressões múltiplas. As FPTs pontuais, que incluem dados de granulometria (cinco divisões de areia), matéria orgânica do solo, densidade do solo, densidade de partículas, porosidade total e suas interações estimam melhor a retenção e a disponibilidade de água nestes solos. A partir destes resultados, é possível desenvolver um programa que utiliza as FPTs geradas para estimar a curva de retenção de água, sendo, portanto uma ferramenta extremamente útil para estudos que envolvam a retenção e a disponibilidade de água no solo

Submitted by João Gabriel Thomaz Queluz null (queluz13@terra.com.br) on 2016-11-30T18:09:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese (João Queluz).pdf: 4075935 bytes, checksum: 5e22f8f089d2895be8857e7315e76c88 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-02T15:49:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 queluz_jgt_dr_bot.pdf: 4075935 bytes, checksum: 5e22f8f089d2895be8857e7315e76c88 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-02T15:49:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 queluz_jgt_dr_bot.pdf: 4075935 bytes, checksum: 5e22f8f089d2895be8857e7315e76c88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-08 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A maioria dos sistemas de tratamento de águas residuárias é complexa, têm construção e manutenção dispendiosas e necessitam de recursos humanos qualificados para operação, características que praticamente inviabilizam sua adoção na zona rural do país. Áreas rurais demandam sistemas de custo reduzido, simples e de fácil operacionalidade, características encontradas em sistemas de alagados construídos. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: desenvolver um sistema alagado construído para o tratamento de águas residuárias; avaliar a eficiência do alagado construído utilizando diferentes densidades de macrófitas; verificar a resposta do sistema a diferentes taxas de aplicação de matéria orgânica; e ajustar e modificar modelos hidráulicos que representem a cinética de remoção de matéria orgânica e de coliformes fecais. Foi desenvolvido um sistema de tratamento com três leitos de alagados construídos, compostos por quatro caixas d’água retangulares ligadas em série. As caixas d'água foram preenchidas com o material suporte (brita #0) até a altura de 30 cm e ficaram saturadas com efluente até a altura de 25 cm. Os alagados construídos foram cultivados com diferentes densidades (0, 11,5 e 23 plantas m-2) de taboa (Typha latifólia). Cada leito recebeu 50 litros diários de água residuária doméstica, resultando em 3,2 dias de tempo de detenção hidráulica nominal. A eficiência do sistema foi avaliada pela análise de coliformes fecais, coliformes totais, condutividade elétrica, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio, fósforo total, nitrogênio total, pH, potássio, potencial redox, sólidos suspensos totais, temperatura e turbidez. Análise de regressão linear foi realizada para comparar a eficiência dos três alagados construídos na remoção de matéria orgânica e de patógenos. Além disso, os dados de demanda química de oxigênio e de coliformes fecais foram comparados com modelos hidráulicos convencionais (fluxo em pistão e tanques em série) com uso do coeficiente de determinação. Os alagados construídos foram eficientes na remoção de coliformes fecais (99%), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (72%), demanda química de oxigênio (80%), nitrogênio total (73%), fósforo total (83%), potássio (54%) e sólidos suspensos totais (98%). A densidade de macrófitas não alterou a eficiência de remoção de coliformes fecais e de demanda química de oxigênio nos três alagados construídos. Porém, os alagados cultivados com macrófitas (11,5 e 23 plantas m-2) foram mais eficientes na remoção de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio. O sistema alagado construído foi sensível às taxas de aplicação de matéria orgânica, havendo correlação linear positiva entre as taxas aplicada e removida de matéria orgânica. Os dados de demanda química de oxigênio e coliformes fecais foram comparados com as estimativas fornecidas pelos modelos hidráulicos de fluxo em pistão e de tanques em série. O modelo hidráulico de fluxo em pistão convencional foi, então, modificado incluindo-se um fator de resistência à degradação (q). O modelo hidráulico de fluxo em pistão modificado representa mais adequadamente a cinética de remoção de matéria orgânica do que os modelos hidráulicos convencionais de fluxo em pistão e de tanques em série. (q = 0,521631, quando a evapotranspiração é considerada e q = 0,479332 quando a evapotranspiração não é considerada). Por outro lado, o modelo modificado não é superior ao modelo convencional em relação à remoção de coliformes fecais. Concluindo, sugere-se que o modelo hidráulico modificado seja utilizado tanto para o dimensionamento quanto para a avaliação da eficiência de remoção de matéria orgânica em alagados construídos. / Most wastewater treatment systems are complex, have expensive cost for both construction and maintenance, and require skilled manpower for operation, features that practically precludes its adoption in rural areas of the country. Rural areas require simple and low-cost systems, characteristics found in constructed wetlands. This study aimed 1) to develop a constructed wetland system for wastewater treatment; 2) to assess the constructed wetlands efficiency using different densities of macrophytes; 3) to check the system response to different organic matter application rates; 4) to adjust and modify hydraulic models which represent the kinetics of organic matter and fecal coliforms removal. It was developed a treatment system with three constructed wetlands beds, composed by four rectangular water storage tanks connected in series. The water tanks were filled with gravel (Ø = 2.4 – 9.5 mm) to a height of 30 cm and were saturated with effluent to a height of 25 cm. The constructed wetlands were cultivated with different cattail (Typha latifolia) densities: 0, 11.5 and 23 plants m-2. Each bed received 50 liters of domestic wastewater per day, resulting in 3.2 days of nominal hydraulic retention time. The system efficiency was evaluated by the analysis of fecal coliforms, total coliforms, electrical conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, pH, potassium, redox potential, total suspended solids, temperature, and turbidity. Linear regression analysis was performed to compare the efficiency of the three constructed wetlands in the removal of organic matter and pathogens. Furthermore, chemical oxygen demand and fecal coliforms data were compared with conventional hydraulic models using the coefficient of determination. The constructed wetlands were efficient for removing fecal coliforms (99%), biochemical oxygen demand (72%), chemical oxygen demand (80%), total nitrogen (73%), total phosphorus (83%), potassium (54%) and suspended solids (98%). The macrophytes density did not affect the efficiency of the three constructed wetlands for removing fecal coliforms and chemical oxygen demand. However, the beds cultivated with macrophytes presented higher efficiency in the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The constructed wetlands responded to the different organic matter application rates, with positive linear correlation between the applied and removed rates. The chemical oxygen demand and fecal coliforms data were compared with the predicted values provided by the conventional hydraulic models (plug flow and tanks in series). The conventional plug flow model was then modified and a degradation resistance factor (q) was included. The modified plug flow model showed better fit to the organic matter data than the conventional hydraulic models (whether or not evapotranspiration was considered: q = 0.521631 and q = 0.479332). On the other hand, the modified plug flow model did not show better fit to the fecal coliforms data than the conventional plug flow models. In conclusion, it is suggested that the modified plug flow hydraulic model should be used for the design and the assessment of organic matter removal efficiency in constructed wetlands. / FAPESP: 2014/05997-6

This diploma thesis deals with calibration of hydraulic simulation models, especially with methods used for calibration and parameters that are modified during calibration. The literature review in the field of mathematical modeling, basic principles applied in hydraulic modeling and the current approach to calibration and data collection is done in theoretical part. In the practical part of the thesis, a hydraulic model of the group water supply system Horní Dunajovice is built and subsequently calibrated. The calibration is first performed manually for the normal operational status and then using a calibration software created for this purpose for a load case with high velocity.

[ES] El objetivo general de la presente Tesis es investigar metodologías que permitan obtener en tiempo real los parámetros de operación de redes hidráulicas a presión que minimicen el consumo y/o el coste energético, garantizando el cumplimiento de las condiciones de funcionamiento necesarias para una adecuada calidad del servicio. Al tratarse del ámbito de la operación diaria de la red, una de las condiciones indispensables que deben reunir los métodos de optimización es una respuesta lo suficientemente rápida como para que no solo se pueda disponer de las soluciones más convenientes en el momento de ejecutar las consignas de operación, sino que además se habilite un procedimiento flexible que permita dar respuesta a posibles cambios en las predicciones o eventos que puedan producirse. Se ha abordado de manera aislada la optimización energética de los subsistemas de transporte de agua y la de los subsistemas de distribución debido a las distintas características que se pueden observar en ellos. En la parte relativa a los subsistemas de distribución, particularizada al caso de un sistema de riego con bombeo directo a red, se han explorado los métodos metaheurísticos de optimización, realizando varias aportaciones originales orientadas a la mejora en la eficiencia computacional de los mismos, debido a la necesidad de obtener una respuesta rápida compatible con la toma de decisiones en tiempo real. En cuanto a los subsistemas de transporte, se ha explorado la aplicabilidad del método determinista de optimización por programación lineal, a la vista de las importantes ventajas que presenta respecto al resto de métodos generales de optimización. Asimismo, en el contexto de los subsistemas de transporte, se ha trabajado en la definición de una heurística basada en el cálculo del coste energético y/o económico del agua entregada en los puntos de consumo y almacenada en los depósitos intermedios, que ha permitido formular un algoritmo voraz para la optimización energética en cada instante de tiempo. Este método ha conseguido igualar el desempeño alcanzado mediante la programación lineal y se espera que ofrezca unas mejores capacidades en sistemas con un comportamiento marcadamente no lineal, así como también una mejor adaptación a problemas de optimización con la participación de energías renovables. / [CA] L'objectiu general de la present Tesi és la investigació de metodologies que permeten obtindre en temps real els paràmetres d'operació de xarxes hidràuliques a pressió que minimitzen el consum i/o el cost energètic, garantint el compliment de les condicions de funcionament necessàries per a una adequada qualitat del servei. En tractar-se de l'àmbit de l'operació diària de la xarxa, una de les condicions indispensables que han de reunir els mètodes d'optimització és una resposta prou ràpida com perquè no sols es puga disposar de les solucions més convenients en el moment d'executar les consignes d'operació, sinó que a més s'habilite un procediment flexible que permeta donar resposta a possibles canvis en les prediccions o esdeveniments que puguen produir-se. S'ha abordat de manera aïllada l'optimització energètica dels subsistemes de transport d'aigua i la dels subsistemes de distribució (reg per injecció directa) a causa de les diferents característiques que es poden observar en ells. En el treball amb els subsistemes de distribució s'han explorat les possibilitats que ofereixen els mètodes meta-heurístics d'optimització, realitzant diverses aportacions originals orientades a la millora en l'eficiència computacional dels mateixos a causa de la necessitat d'obtindre una resposta més ràpida que siga compatible amb la presa de decisions en temps real. Quant als subsistemes de transport, s'ha explorat l'aplicabilitat del mètode determinista d'optimització per programació lineal a la vista dels importants avantatges que presenta respecte a la resta de mètodes generals d'optimització. Així mateix, en el context dels subsistemes de transport, s'ha treballat en la definició d'una bona heurística basada en el càlcul del cost energètic i/o econòmic de l'aigua entregada en els punts de consum i en els dipòsits intermedis, que ha permés formular un mètode voraç per a l'optimització energètica en cada instant de temps. Aquest mètode ha aconseguit igualar l'acompliment aconseguit mitjançant la programació lineal i s'espera que oferisca unes millors capacitats en sistemes amb un comportament més marcadament no lineal, així com també una millor adaptació a problemes d'optimització amb participació d'energies renovables. / [EN] The general objective of this Thesis is the research of methodologies to obtain in real time the operating parameters of pressurized hydraulic networks that minimize energy consumption and/or cost, ensuring compliance with the operating conditions necessary for an appropriate quality of service. Since this is the field of daily network operation, one of the indispensable conditions that optimization methods must meet is a response fast enough so that not only the most convenient solutions are available at the time of executing the operating instructions, but also a flexible procedure is provided to allow a response to possible changes in the predictions or events that may occur. The energy optimization of the water transport subsystems and that of the distribution subsystems (direct injection irrigation) have been approached separately due to the different characteristics that can be observed in them. In the work with distribution subsystems, the possibilities offered by metaheuristic optimization methods have been explored, making several original contributions aimed at improving their computational efficiency due to the need to obtain a faster response that is compatible with real-time decision making. Regarding transport subsystems, the applicability of the deterministic method of optimization by linear programming has been explored in view of the important advantages it presents with respect to the rest of the general optimization methods. Also, in the context of transport subsystems, there has been a work on the definition of a good heuristic based on the calculation of the energy and/or economic cost of the water delivered at the consumption points and intermediate reservoirs, which has allowed to formulate a greedy method for energy optimization at each time instant. This method has been able to match the performance achieved by linear programming and is expected to offer better capabilities in systems with a more marked non-linear behaviour, as well as a better adaptation to optimization problems involving renewable energies. / Alonso Campos, JC. (2021). Desarrollo e implementación de algoritmos para la optimización energética en tiempo real de redes hidráulicas a presión [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/180389 / TESIS

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Over the years, urban growth occurred in regions close to watersheds, making difficult the recharge areas of these basins and having consequences as urban flooding. Based on the study of urban watersheds, this work aims to estimate and delineate floatable areas around Monjolo Stream in Patos de Minas. Thus, from the application of hydrologic models (Method Santa Barbara) and hydraulic (kinematic wave) in computer flooding simulation, for different urbanization growth scenarios from remaining area of the basin, extreme floods situations were defined, which are the mimínas (approximately 2000 m² of envelopment and faster recovery time area) and maximum (return time of 100 years with the highest envelopment areas). Furthermore, this study verified the effects, on basin macro drainage, different rates of permeable areas in occupied allotments. In these simulations, we observed the appearance of adjacent flooding to the artificial watercourse, proving that for certain precipitation and basin urbanization scenarios, the overflow occurs at some points of its extension. With the base of inundograma significant widening, it was observed that there is an evident trend of longer lasting floods, with basin growing occupation. Analysing the simulation results, it was possible to establish a suggested maximum occupancy rate of 55% for the basin. This study also proposes the adoption of a minimum permeable area rate of at least 37% in future allotment, with 100% urbanization of the remaining area in order to prevent flooding on the Stream Monjolo Basin. This work analysis and observations, can be used by gestors to a more suitable urban planning, regards the basin occupation. / Ao longo dos anos, o crescimento das cidades ocorreu nas regiões próximas às bacias hidrográficas, dificultando as áreas de recarga dessas bacias e tendo como consequências as enchentes urbanas. Baseando-se no estudo de bacias urbanas, este trabalho tem o objetivo de estimar e delimitar áreas inundáveis da bacia do Córrego do Monjolo em Patos de Minas. Desta forma, a partir da aplicação de modelos hidrológicos (Método Santa Bárbara) e hidráulicos (onda cinemática) na simulação computacional de enchentes para diferentes cenários de crescimento da urbanização da área remanecente a montante da bacia, foram definidas situações extremas de enchentes, que são as mimínas (aproximadamente 2000 m² de área de envoltória e menor tempo de retorno) e as máximas (tempo de retorno de 100 anos com as máximas áreas de envoltórias). Além disso, este trabalho verificou os efeitos, na macrodrenagem da bacia, de diferentes taxas de áreas pemeáveis na ocupação dos loteamentos. Nas simulações realizadas, constatou-se o surgimento das inundações adjacentes ao canal artificial, comprovando que, para determinados cenários de precipitação e de urbanização da bacia, ocorre o transbordamento em alguns pontos da sua extensão. Com alargamento significativo da base do inundograma foi observado que fica evidente a tendência das enchentes perdurarem por mais tempo, com a crescente ocupação da bacia. Com a análise dos resultados das simulações, foi possível estabelecer uma taxa de ocupação máxima sugerida de 55%, para a bacia. Este estudo também propôs a adoção de uma área permeável mínima de 37% nos futuros lotes, com uma urbanização de 100% da área remanescente, de forma a evitar as inundações na Bacia do Córrego do Monjolo. Por meio destas análises e observações, este trabalho pode ser utilizado pelos gestores para um planejamento urbano mais adequado, no que diz respeito à ocupação da bacia. / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The harvested energy of wind can be transferred to the generators either through a gearbox or through an intermediate medium such as hydraulic fluids. In this method, high-pressure hydraulic fluids are utilized to collect the energy of single or multiple wind turbines and transfer it to a central generation unit. In this unit, the mechanical energy of the hydraulic fluid is transformed into electric energy. The prime mover of hydraulic energy transfer unit, the wind turbine, experiences the intermittent characteristics of wind. This energy variation imposes fluctuations on generator outputs and drifts their angular velocity from desired frequencies. Nonlinearities exist in hydraulic wind power transfer and are originated from discrete elements such as check valves, proportional and directional valves, and leakage factors of hydraulic pumps and motors. A thorough understanding of hydraulic wind energy transfer system requires mathematical expression of the system. This can also be used to analyze, design, and predict the behavior of large-scale hydraulic-interconnected wind power plants. This thesis introduces the mathematical modeling and controls of the hydraulic wind energy transfer system. The obtained models of hydraulic energy transfer system are experimentally validated with the results from a prototype. This research is classified into three categories. 1) A complete mathematical model of the hydraulic energy transfer system is illustrated in both ordinary differential equations and state-space representation. 2) An experimental prototype of the energy transfer system is built and used to study the behavior of the system in different operating configurations, and 3) Controllers are designed to address the problems associated with the wind speed fluctuation and reference angular velocity tracking. The mathematical models of hydraulic energy transfer system are also validated with the simulation results from a SimHydraulics Toolbox of MATLAB/Simulink®. The models are also compared with the experimental data from the system prototype. The models provided in this thesis do consider the improved assessment of the hydraulic system operation and efficiency analysis for industrial level wind power application.