• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 270
  • 260
  • 21
  • 16
  • 8
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • Tagged with
  • 703
  • 703
  • 227
  • 220
  • 110
  • 83
  • 81
  • 72
  • 65
  • 53
  • 53
  • 51
  • 47
  • 43
  • 41
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Impact of simultaneous stimulation of 5-lipoxygenase and myeloperoxidase in human neutrophils

Zschaler, Josefin, Arnold, Jürgen 27 April 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Human neutrophil 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) oxidizes arachidonic acid (AA) to 5S-hydro(pero)xy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-H(p)ETE) and leukotriene (LT)A4, which is further converted to the chemoattractant LTB4. These cells contain also the heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) producing several potent oxidants such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Previously, it was shown that MPO-metabolites influence 5-LOX product formation. Here, we addressed the question, whether a simultaneous activation of MPO and 5-LOX in neutrophils results in comparable changes of 5-LOX activity. Human neutrophils were stimulated with H2O2 or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for MPO activation and subsequently treated with calcium ionophore A23187 inducing 5-LOX product formation on endogenous AA. Special attention was drawn to neutrophil vitality, formation of MPO-derived metabolites and redox status. The pre-stimulation with H2O2 resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the ratio of 5-HETE to the sum of LTB4 + 6-trans-LTB4 in consequence of MPO activation. Thereby no impairment of cell vitality and only a slightly reduction of total glutathione level was observed. An influence of MPO on 5-LOX product formation could be suggested using an MPO inhibitor. In contrast, the pre-stimulation with PMA resulted in different changes of 5-LOX product formation leading to a reduced amount of 5-HETE unaffected by MPO inhibition. Furthermore, impaired cell vitality and diminished redox status was detected after PMA stimulation. Nevertheless, a MPO-induced diminution of LTB4 was obvious. Further work is necessary to define the type of 5-LOX modification and investigate the effect of physiological MPO activators.
192

The characterization of 3D printed plastics sterilized by hydrogen peroxide vapour

Sosnowski, Emil-Peter 05 January 2017 (has links)
3D printers that precisely fuse plastic filament are enabling medical manufacturers to produce high-quality plastic medical devices and implants. However, the low-temperature fusing process implies that post-production sterilization must also occur at a low temperature or destroy the precision of the product. This study characterizes the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vapour sterilization on ASTM-compliant tensile samples of polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, and polycarbonate. The sterilization process caused physical deformations in polycaprolactone. Additionally, increases were observed in polycaprolactone and polycarbonate sample thickness, and in polycarbonate sample width. Decreases in E were found in all three materials, while UTS decreased in polycarbonate, and strain at UTS increased in polycaprolactone. The findings demonstrate that the materials can be compatible with H2O2 vapour sterilization, but products must be designed to accommodate for changes that occur due to sterilization. / February 2017
193

Oxidation of organic compounds with peroxides

McKeown, Eamon January 1966 (has links)
No description available.
194

Involvement of abscisic acid and H2O2 in antioxidant enzyme activities mediated by nitric oxide synthase-like activity in maize

Hlatshwayo, Siphiwe Gift January 2018 (has links)
>Magister Scientiae - MSc / In recent years, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important endogenous plant signalling molecule that mediates many developmental and physiological processes. NO regulates the activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to droughtinduced stress by controlling the expression of the genes that encode these enzymes. Antioxidant enzymes function in scavenging reactive oxygen species like superoxide ion (O2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that are generated in response to drought-induced stress and other abiotic stresses. Abscisic acid, a phytohormone that acts as a stress-related hormone in plants, also stimulates production of H2O2, thus further triggering the antioxidant enzyme activity in order to scavenge the excess H2O2. Accumulated data indicate that NO interacts with reactive oxygen species, notably hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. This study was aimed at clarifying the role of NO derived from nitric oxide synthase-like (NOS-like) enzymatic activity in scavenging of H2O2 and to establish if this is dependent or independent of ABA signaling. This was achieved by using Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NOS to control the amount of NO in maize tissue. The study investigated the effect of L-NAME on the accumulation of superoxide, which is scavenged by superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, the study determined the role of NOS-like activity in ABA-mediated production of H2O2. Lastly, the effect of L-NAME on H2O2 accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity was also investigated. Application of L-NAME altered the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase. These changes in enzymatic activity were coupled with altered levels of O2 - and H2O2 in leaves and roots. Treatments with ABA in combination with L-NAME resulted in reversal of H2O2 content to basal levels. These results suggest that nitric oxide, produced by nitric oxide synthase-like activity, is important in regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity and cross-talks with ABA.
195

Construction of an enzyme-free electrochemical sensor based on Ag-Fe2O3/POM/RGO novel nanocomposite for hydrogen peroxide detection

Nqakala, Noniko Civilized January 2018 (has links)
>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The motivation to determine H2O2 lies in the fact that this chemical species plays a crucial role in diverse fields of practise such as cosmetic, food, diagnostic, pharmaceutical, clinical and environmental protection industries. Several methods such as chromatography, colorimetry, titrimetry and spectrophotometry have been developed for its detection. However, these methods are known to manifest underlying disadvantages such as high cost, time consuming, instability and complicated immobilization procedures. In this present study an enzyme-less electrochemical sensor based on Ag-Fe2O3/POM/RGO nanocomposite (POM stands for polyoxometalate and RGO stands for reduced graphene oxide) was successfully synthesised via a hydrothermal method and a photochemical reduction method for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
196

[en] TREATMENT OF EFFLUENTS CONTAINING CYANIDE BY SINGLET OXYGEN GENERATED BY THE REACTION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE / [pt] TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES CONTENDO CIANETO POR OXIGÊNIO SINGLETE GERADO ATRAVÉS DA REAÇÃO DE PERÓXIDO DE HIDROGÊNIO E HIPOCLORITO DE SÓDIO

MERYELEM TANIA CHURAMPI ARELLANO 16 August 2013 (has links)
[pt] O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a viabilidade da aplicação do processo oxidativo avançado que utiliza oxigênio singlete, gerado quimicamente por peróxido de hidrogênio e hipoclorito de sódio, para oxidar o cianeto livre. O processo foi estudado em batelada, simulando uma solução sintética de KCN com características de pH e concentração similares às condições típicas de um efluente real. A combinação aquosa do H2O2 e NaClO para gerar oxigênio singlete, foi eficaz para oxidar o cianeto, em uma faixa de pH 9 a 11. Com concentrações iniciais de cianeto de 10, 100, 500 e 1000 mg/L, e proporção molar de [H2O2maisNaClO]:[CN-]igual a 2:1, foi possível atingir uma concentração final de cianeto menor do que 0,2 mg/L, com 98,9 por cento e 99 por cento de remoção, a pH 11 e 9, em apenas 2 e 20 minutos, respectivamente. Quando o cianeto foi oxidado por H2O2 e NaClO separadamente, para as mesmas condições experimentais, o peróxido de hidrogênio apenas oxidou o cianeto em 30 por cento e 26 por cento, a pH 9 e 11, respectivamente, em 60 minutos de reação. Quando o cianeto foi oxidado com NaClO, o cianeto atingiu uma concentração final menor do que 0,2 mg/L, com uma remoção de 98 por cento e 99 por cento, a pH 9 e 11, em 60 e 5 minutos de reação, respectivamente. / [en] The synergistic combination of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite ion in water results in formation of the highly oxidizing intermediate species singlet oxygen (1O2), which is effective in the oxidation of free cyanide (CN-) in water. The process was fast and efficient over the studied pH range of 9-11, and up to an initial CN- concentration of 1000 mg/L. For an initial [CN-] equal 100 mg/L, pH equal 9, and molar ratio ([H2O2]more[NaClO])/[CN-] equal 1:1 it was possible to achieve a final concentration of [CN-] lower than 0.2 mg/L (99.8 per cent reduction) in t equal 20 min at 25 degrees celsius in a batch reaction. By comparison, the same reaction with either of the separate oxidants (H2O2 or NaClO) at the same molar ratio of oxidant/CN- equal 1:1 resulted in a maximum of 87 per cent breakdown of the cyanide (using NaClO) for the same 20 min reaction period.
197

Análise da eficácia clareadora e dos efeitos adversos provocados pelo uso da luz violeta no clareamento dental /

Gallinari, Marjorie Oliveira January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: André Luiz Fraga Briso / Resumo: Pesquisadores tem proposto um clareamento dentário apenas com a irradiação da Luz violeta (VIO), sem a necessidade do gel clareador. Portanto foi o objetivo deste trabalho avaliar in vitro e in vivo este novo tratamento associado com diferentes concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio (PH) quanto a sua eficácia clareadora e os possíveis efeitos adversos. Para o estudo in vitro, foram selecionados 567 (n=67) dentes e distribuídos em 9 grupos: Sem Gel(SG)-Sem Luz(SL), PH17,5%-SL, PH35%-SL, SG-LED/Laser(LED), PH17,5%-LED, PH35%-LED, SG-VIO, PH17,5%-VIO e PH35%-VIO. A aplicação dos géis seguiu as recomendações do fabricante. O LED foi irradiada 3 vezes de 3 minutos, a VIO foi irradiada 3 vezes de 7 minutos. Após os procedimentos clareadores, foram realizadas as análises de alteração cromática superficial e intensidade de fluorescência (n=10), considerando 5 tempos de análise (T0-inicial, T1-1º sessão, T2-2º sessão, T3-3º sessão, T4-14 dias após), alteração de cor em profundidade (n=15), condutância hidráulica (n=10), difusão do PH (n=10), viabilidade celular (n=8) e a variação da temperatura intrapulpar (n=10). Os dados foram submetidos à testes estatísticos adequados para cada tipo de análise. A VIO quando utilizado isoladamente proporcionou alterações cromáticas superficiais e em profundidade, mas seu efeito foi estatisticamente menor do que o proporcionado pelo gel clareador. Na fluorescência, o T1 e T3 do PH35%-SL foram diferentes. A difusão do PH e a permeabilidade dentária, ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Researchers have proposed tooth whitening only with the irradiation of violet light (VIO), without the need for whitening gel. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo this new treatment associated with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (PH) for its bleaching efficacy and possible adverse effects. For the in vitro study, 567 (n = 67) teeth were selected and divided into 9 groups: No Gel (SG) -Without Light (SL), PH17.5% -SL, PH35% -SL, SG-LED / Laser (LED), PH17.5% -LED, PH35% -LED, SG-VIO, PH17.5% -VIO, and PH35% -VIO. The application of the gels followed the manufacturer's recommendations. The LED was applied3 times 3 minutes, the VIO was applied3 times 7 minutes. After the bleaching procedures, superficial chromatic alteration and fluorescence intensity analyzes were performed (n = 10), considering 5 analysis times (initial T0, T1-1st session, T2-2nd session, T3-3th session, T4-14 days later), depth color change (n = 15), hydraulic conductance (n = 10), PH diffusion (n = 10), cell viability (n = 8) and intrapulp temperature variation (n = 10) ). Data were submitted to appropriate statistical tests for each type of analysis. VIO when used alone provided superficial and deep color changes, but its effect was statistically smaller than that provided by the whitening gel. In fluorescence, the T1 and T3 of PH35% -SL were different. PH diffusion and dental permeability, the PH35% groups presented the highest values, being potentiate... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
198

[en] TREATMENT OF EFFLUENTS CONTAINING AMMONIA / [pt] TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES CONTENDO AMÔNIA

NATALI BELLIDO ORDONEZ 20 October 2003 (has links)
[pt] A presente dissertação investiga a capacidade de remoção de amônia de efluentes através de processos de oxidação química. Testes preliminares foram feitos com peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), peróxido de hidrogênio foto ativado (UV + H2O2), reagente Fenton (Fe2+ + H2O2) e Ácido de Caro (H2SO5). Os resultados dos mesmos indicaram apenas a possibilidade do Ácido de Caro oxidar a amônia. Em seguida avaliou-se o desempenho do Ácido de Caro no processo, utilizando soluções sintéticas de cloreto de amônia. Foi estudada a influência dos parâmetros pH, tempo, e razão estequiométrica (oxidante:amônia). O tratamento de soluções com Ácido de Caro, mostrou-se viável, visto que houve uma redução significativa da concentração inicial de amônia de 100 mg/L até valores inferiores a 5 mg/L (limite permitido pela legislação). Estes resultados foram obtidos a pH=1,3 razão estequiométrica oxidante:amônia = 8:1, em tempo de reação de 12 horas, a temperatura ambiente. / [en] This dissertation investigates the removal capacity of ammonia from effluents by chemical oxidation. Preliminary tests were done with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), photo activated hydrogen peroxide (UV + H2O2), Fenton reagent (Fe2+ + H2O2) and Caro s Acid (H2SO5). The results indicated that only the use of Caro s acid is possible for ammonia oxidization. Afterwards, the Caro s acid process was evaluated, utilizing synthetic solutions of the ammonia chloride. The influence of parameters: pH, time, and stoichiometric ratio (oxidizing agent:ammonia) were studied. The treatment of the solutions with Caro s Acid was found to be viable, showing that there was a significant reduction of initial concentration of ammonia of 100mg/L down to 5mg/L (the limit permitted by legislation). These results were obtained for the following parameter: pH=1,3, stoichiometric ratio (oxidizing agent:ammonia) = 8:1, at reaction time of 12 hours and at ambient temperature.
199

Desenvolvimento de materiais catalíticos à base de óxidos mistos para a decomposição do monopropelente peróxido de hidrogênio / Development of catalytic materials based on mixed oxides for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide materials monopropellant

Pereira, Luís Gustavo Ferroni 29 April 2014 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de materiais catalíticos à base de óxidos mistos, de baixo custo, para serem empregados como catalisadores mássicos, na decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio 90%, em massa, possibilitando múltiplas partidas a frio em um micropropulsor de satélites a monopropelente. Foram utilizados diferentes métodos de síntese de óxidos mistos com altos teores de manganês e cobalto. Os materiais foram avaliados, preliminarmente, na decomposição espontânea do peróxido de hidrogênio em bancada (teste da gota). Em seguida, os catalisadores com melhores desempenhos foram selecionados e testados em um micropropulsor de 2N, onde foram monitorados o empuxo, a pressão e a temperatura da câmara do propulsor. Todos os catalisadores foram caracterizados por Adsorção de Nitrogênio, Termogravimetria, Espectroscopia Fotoeletrônica de Raios-X, Difratometria de Raios-X e Resistência Mecânica à Compressão Radial, visando correlacionar suas propriedades físico-químicas com suas atividades na decomposição catalítica do peróxido de hidrogênio concentrado. Os catalisadores denominados MnAl2 e Co4MnAl, sintetizados pelo método da co-precipitação em solução aquosa, foram aqueles que apresentaram os melhores resultados, sendo capazes de decompor espontaneamente o H2O2 sem sofrer desativação ou fragmentação após os testes. / This work aimed to develop mixed oxides, at low cost, to be used as catalysts in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, 90% by weight, allowing multiple starts in a microthruster of monopropellant satellites. Different synthesis methods of mixed oxides with high levels of manganese and cobalt oxides were employed. The materials were evaluated, preliminarily, in the spontaneous decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (drop test). Then, the best performing catalysts were selected and tested in a 2N microthruster, where the thrust, the pressure, and temperature in the chamber was monitored. All catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, thermogravimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and Mechanical Strength Radial Compression , aiming to correlate their physicochemical properties with their activity in the catalytic decomposition of concentrated hydrogen peroxide.The catalysts called MnAl2 and Co4MnAl, synthesized by co-precipitation in aqueous solution, were those that showed the best results, being able to spontaneously decompose H2O2 without undergoing deactivation or fragmentation after testing.
200

Análise do óxido nítrico produzido durante a indução da organogênese adventícia em bases foliares de abacaxizeiro / Analysis of nitric oxide produced during the induction of the adventitious organogenesis in basal leaves of pineapple

Narita, Ilton Yoshio 04 November 2010 (has links)
O óxido nítrico (NO) tem se mostrado um sinalizador presente em muitas fases do desenvolvimento vegetal e elemento essencial nas respostas aos estresses bióticos e abióticos em plantas. Entretanto, poucos estudos correlacionam esse radical à organogênese vegetal. Folhas de Ananas comosus (Bromeliaceae) podem ser consideradas um modelo interessante para o estudo da organogênese, pois sua região basal possui um conjunto de células que, sob cultivo in vitro e balanço adequado de certos reguladores de crescimento, dá início à proliferação celular e formação de meristemas adventícios. Primeiramente, formam-se estruturas denominadas protuberâncias que, depois, se desenvolvem em novos eixos caulinares, sem formação intermediária de calos. A relação ótima dos reguladores de crescimento para a indução da organogênese adventícia é 0,53 uM de ácido naftalenoacético e 8,87 uM de benziladeninapurina e sabe-se que o balanço hormonal entre auxinas e citocininas endógenas é alterado nesses explantes, encontrando-se um pico desses hormônios no terceiro dia da indução. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se o NO participaria da cascata de sinalizações que leva à organogênese adventícia, utilizando bases foliares de abacaxizeiro cultivadas in vitro. A quantificação do NO foi determinada pela técnica de quimiluminescência durante um período de 7 dias a partir da obtenção dos explantes. Essa produção foi dosada em fluxo contínuo com medições feitas a cada 10 segundos. O tratamento indutor de organogênese mostrou um aumento significativo na produção de NO em comparação aos explantes incubados em meio de cultura sem reguladores de crescimento, indicando uma possível participação do óxido nítrico no processo da organogênese. Houve um pico de NO no primeiro dia logo nas primeiras horas de cultivo em meio indutor. Além disso, foi realizada a dosagem de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e foi encontrada uma correlação com a produção de óxido nítrico durante a fase clara do fotoperíodo. A produção de H2O2 aumentou em seguida ao incremento de NO no primeiro dia de cultivo no meio de cultura com reguladores de crescimento. Finalmente, o tratamento com L-NAME mostrou ser a enzima NOS uma possível rota de síntese de NO, já que reduziu significativamente o número de novos meristemas adventícios e, conseqüentemente, de novos eixos caulinares formados após 60 dias de cultivo em meio não indutor da organogênese. A localização in situ do NO pareceu indicar que o aumento da produção estaria mais relacionado com células do parênquima foliar e dos feixes vasculares. Assim, esta pesquisa permitiu incluir temporalmente dois novos possíveis sinalizadores (NO e H2O2) à cascata de sinalização da organogênese adventícia em folhas de abacaxizeiro. A sinalização parece iniciar-se com o NO e logo em seguida, ainda no primeiro dia, viria o aumento de H2O2 e dos hormônios auxinas e citocininas no terceiro dia (resultados anteriores do grupo) do período de indução. / The nitric oxide (NO) was shown to be an ubiquitous molecule for many phases of the development of a plant and an important element for biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, few studies correlate this radical with the organogenesis in plants. Ananas comosus> (Bromeliaceae) leaves can be considered an interesting model for the organogenesis studies, because the basal region have a set of cell which, under in vitro cultivation and fine growth regulators balance, start cell division and form adventitious meristems. Firstly, structures named protuberances are formed, which develop forming new buds, without the intermediary formation of callus. The optimum rate of the growth regulators for the induction to organogenesis is 0.53 uM of naphthalene acetic acid and 8.87 uM of benziladeninepurine. It is known that the endogenous hormonal balance between auxins and cytokinins is altered in these explants, and a peak of these hormones is found at the third day of induction. This work intended to verify whether the NO would participate on the signaling cascade that led to the adventitious organogenesis, using basal leaves of pineapple cultivated in vitro. The nitric oxide quantification was made by chemiluminescence for a period of 7 days after the explants obtainment. The production was dosed in continuous flow air with measurements made every 10 seconds. The inductive treatment to organogenesis showed a significant rise in NO production in comparison to the explants incubated in medium culture without growth regulators, indicating a possible participation of NO at the organogenesis process. There was a NO peak at the first day, soon at the first hours of cultivation at inductive medium. Besides, the dosage of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was done and a correlation was found to the NO production at the light phase of the photoperiod. The H2O2 production rose after the increase of NO at the first day of cultivation in medium containing growth regulators. Finally, the treatment with L-NAME showed the NOS enzyme as a possible pathway involved with the NO production, since the number of new adventitious meristems reduced significantly and subsequently, of new shoots after 60 days of cultivation in inductive to organogenesis medium. The in situ localization of NO seemed to indicate that the rise in production could be related to the cells of the leaf parenchyma and vascular tissues. Thus, this research permitted to include temporally two new possible signals (NO and H2O2) to the signalization cascade of the adventitious organogenesis in pineapple leaves. The signalization seems to initiate with NO followed by H2O2 at the first day and by the auxins and cytokinins hormones at the third day (previous results of the group) of the induction period.

Page generated in 0.089 seconds