AIM: The aim of this preliminary clinical study is to compare the stress level of non-hypertensive and hypertensive subjects by measuring changes in Chromogranin A (CgA) level in saliva before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment, scaling and root planing (SRP), subjects and to determine if the dental treatment affects the patient’s stress level. We will also measure the changes in arterial blood pressure before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Finally, compare if the duration of treatment affects the CgA level and blood pressure between non-hypertensive and hypertensive subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients participated in the study and only 17 evaluated. Four hypertensive patients and 13 non-hypertensive patients. Blood pressure was measured and saliva samples were collected at consultation visit (T0) and before (T1) and after (T2) non-surgical periodontal treatment (SRP). Duration of treatment was recorded. RESULTS: Concentration of CgA (pmol/ml) in the hypertensive group between T0 – T2 and T1 – T2 was a decrease of 15% and 46.5% respectively. The non-hypertensive group a decrease of 71% and 64.4% respectively. For the whole population, there was a significant decrease in CgA concentration between T0 – T2 (p-value = 0.046) and T1 – T2 (p-value = 0.032) with no statistical significance between T0 – T1 (p-value =0.873). No significant difference in change of blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, there was no significant difference in blood pressure measurements. Concentrations of CgA decreased significantly after SRP compared to before SRP in all groups. A larger sample size is needed in the future.

This thesis named as "Physical activity of elderly people diagnosed with hypertensive heart disease I. and II. grades" in theoretical part deals with aging and old age. It also mentions movement activity and possible recommendations for movement. One chapter is also devoted to the lifestyle that fundamentally influences the course and quality of human life. Furthermore, there is also mentioned the issue of hypertension in the context of old age and possible physical activity. Practical part ofthe thesis is focused on the monitoring of movement activities of seniors with hypertension I. and II. grades. The research was conducted by using the Yamax Digiwalker SW-700 pedometers and a standardized IPAQ-long questionnaire was used. Obtained results were subsequently analyzed and processed into tables and charts with comments and recommendations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:42:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martin_rss_dr_botfm.pdf: 868141 bytes, checksum: 939ee24e9baff34d7904b76bf0566b01 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A insuficiência renal crônica é um modelo clínico de hipertrofia ventricular. Os pacientes renais crônicos apresentam uma expectativa de vida significativamente reduzida. A principal causa de morte nessa situação clínica é a doença cardiovascular e a hipertrofia ventricular esquerda é um potente preditor de eventos cardiovasculares e de mortalidade. Pacientes em diálise com baixa escolaridade tem expectativa de vida adicionalmente reduzida. Essa associação entre baixa escolaridade e mortalidade cardiovascular é bem documentada na população geral. Também já foi demonstrado que pessoas de baixa escolaridade apresentam hipertrofia ventricular mais intensa, bem como maior acúmulo de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Trabalho anterior, deste mesmo grupo, mostrou que a hipertrofia ventricular é mais intensa entre renais cônicos de baixa escolaridade. Não há na literatura estudos que avaliem se a maior hipertrofia ventricular possa explicar a maior mortalidade de renais crônicos com baixa escolaridade. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é verificar se a hipertrofia ventricular esquerda pode justificar a associação entre escolaridade e mortalidade cardiovascular de renais crônicos em hemodiálise. . Foram avaliados 141 pacientes em hemodiálise no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, que realizaram ecocardiografia no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2005 e março de 2008. Dentre esses pacientes, 28 preencheram algum critério de exclusão. Compuseram a casuística 113 pacientes que foram seguidos até outubro de 2010. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a mediana de anos de escolaridade, ou seja, pacientes com escolaridade inferior a quatro anos e pacientes com escolaridade igual ou superior a quatro anos. Foram avaliados os dados clínicos, exames laboratoriais e ecocardiográficos... / Chronic renal failure is a clinical model of ventricular hypertrophy. Chronic kidney disease is associated with significantly reduced life expectancy. The main cause of death, in this clinical situation, is cardiovascular disease and left ventricular hypertrophy is a potent predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. Dialysis patients with low education have further reduced life expectancy. This association between low educational level and cardiovascular mortality is well documented in the general population. It was also shown that the less educated have more severe ventricular hypertrophy, as well as greater accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors. Previous work from, this group showed that ventricular hypertrophy is more intense between hemodialysis patients with low education. There are no studies in the literature to assess whether the greater ventricular hypertrophy may explain higher mortality in renal disease patients with low education. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess whether left ventricular hypertrophy may explain the association between education and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease. We evaluated 141 hemodialysis patients in Botucatu Medical School Hospital - UNESP, whose echocardiography was performed between January 2005 and March 2008. Among these patients, 28 met some exclusion criteria. The sample comprised 113 patients who were followed until October 2010. Patients were divided into two groups according to the median of schooling, i.e. patients with less than four years of schooling and those with schooling of four or more than four years. We evaluated the clinical, laboratory and echocardiographyc data (left ventricular diameter, posterior wall thickness and interventricular septum, left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index). Variables whose p was less than 0.1 between the groups were selected for multivariate analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:42:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 serraojunior_nf_dr_botfm.pdf: 386812 bytes, checksum: 797c2c36267c1b3818443412d00ac7ae (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Hipertensão Pulmonar (HP) é definida clinicamente como aumento na pressão vascular pulmonar causada por condições associadas com aumento na pressão arterial pulmonar e/ou venosa. Hemodinamicamente, é definida como aumento na pressão arterial pulmonar média (PAPm) ≥ 25mmHg no repouso, resistência vascular pulmonar (RVP) superior a 4 Unidades Wood, ou quando o gradiente transpulmonar é superior a 10-12 mmHg. Muitos pacientes e clínicos atribuem a dispnéia e fadiga ao descondicionamento físico e à fraqueza muscular global e dos músculos respiratórios, podendo levar o paciente a piora da qualidade de vida. Objetivos: Avaliar a qualidade de vida, a força muscular respiratória (FMR) e a distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (DTC6) em pacientes com hipertensão arterial pulmonar sob tratamento farmacológico específico. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, prospectivo, série de casos de hipertensão pulmonar em maiores de 18 anos, avaliados no Ambulatório de Hipertensão Pulmonar no período entre fevereiro de 2007 a fevereiro de 2011. Após a consulta médica, foi aplicado o questionário SF-36 para avaliação da qualidade de vida. A seguir, os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação da força muscular respiratória. Após descanso de 30 minutos, os pacientes realizaram DTC6. Os pacientes foram avaliados em três momentos: M0, sem tratamento farmacológico específico; M1, de dois a quatro meses após tratamento farmacológico específico; e M2, seis meses após M0. Resultados: Havia 16 mulheres e 6 homens, com idade média±DP de 48,46±15,4anos, 21 brancos e 1 não branco, 1 com classe funcional I, 10 com classe funcional II, 9 classe III e 2 classe IV segundo a NYHA modificada para HP. Em relação a qualidade de vida, todos os pacientes avaliados apresentaram... / Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) involves a group of clinical and physiopathological entities with similar characteristics that come from several main diseases. Patients show arterial pulmonary pressure ≥ 25mmHg at rest, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) greater than 4 Wood Units, or transpulmonary gradient above 10-12 mmHg. Dyspnea and fatigue are the main symptoms; there is also lack of physical conditioning and global muscle weakness, including respiratory muscles. There are no studies assessing respiratory muscle force (RMF) in this population under specific treatment. Aims: Evaluation of quality of life, RMF and Six Minutes Walk Distance (6MWD) in patients with PH under specific pharmacologic treatment. Patients and Method: This is a descriptive, prospective case series study, of 22 PH patients over 18 years old, from the HC-FMB-UNESP Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, evaluated at three moments: M0, without specific pharmacologic treatment; M1, two to four months after specific pharmacologic treatment; and M2, six months after M0. In all moments patients were submitted to clinical examination by the physician, RMF was assessed and the 6MWD was performed; then questionnaire SF-36 was applied in order to estimate quality of life. Results: most patients, 16 women and 6 men, average age ± SD 48.5 ± 15.4 years-old, were classified in functional classes II (n=10) and III (n=9) according to NYHA modified for PH. Patients showed improvement in their quality of life, regarding pain (M0 x M2 e M1 x M2), emotional aspect (M0 x M1) and mental health (M0 x M2). As for RMF there was an improvement in maxIP and maxEP (M1 x M2). There was also an improvement in the distance covered in the 6MWD (M0 x M1 and M0 x M2). Correlation between RMF... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:21:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000758826.pdf: 1312957 bytes, checksum: 465d85c9badf7ef27d74f0a47e03641e (MD5) / A hipertensão arterial é uma doença relacionada a estilos de vida, causas ambientais e padrões comportamentais. Apresenta curso crônico e assintomático, com múltiplos fatores de risco complexos, sendo seu controle necessário para a preservação ou redução na incidência de complicações e para a melhoria na qualidade de vida. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar os relatos de homens e mulheres portadores de hipertensão arterial sobre comportamentos, crenças e sentimentos com relação à doença e os cuidados com a saúde, além de correlacionar crenças e sentimentos com comportamentos relativos à saúde e/ou doença. Participaram da pesquisa 40 portadores de hipertensão arterial, 20 homens e 20 mulheres, usuários de um serviço de saúde privada destinado à preservação e controle de doenças. Todos os participantes estavam inseridos em um grupo de educação em saúde. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista estruturada, cujas perguntas abertas e fechadas abrangiam aspectos relacionados à hipertensão arterial. As análises foram feitas por meio de análise de conteúdo e testes estatísticos. Os resultados apontaram como se constitui a história da hipertensão e como esta é definida pelos participantes, foram descritos os processos de causalidade e prevenção, os comportamentos adotados a partir do diagnóstico, os sentimentos frente à doença e o vínculo com o seviço de saúde e com profissionais de saúde. Comportamento de proscratinação, sentimento de culpa, medos e dificuldades relacionadas a mudanças de hábitos também foram investigados. De modo geral, o caráter assintomático e imprevisível da hipertensão arterial foi ressaltado. Observou-se que os participantes possuíam conhecimentos sobre fatores de risco para o aumento da pressão arterial e sobre os comportamentos necessários ao seu controle demonstrando que as ações de prevenção estavam centralizadas em práticas de vida. O fator... / The arterial hypertension is an illness linked to lifestyle, reasons of ambiental and behavioral patterns. Show chronic and asymptomatic process, with multiple factors of complex risk having your control necessary to prevention or reduction on incidence of complications and to improve the quality of life. The goal of this research was to analyze accounts of men and woman suffering from high blood pressure on behaviors, beliefs and feelings about illness and health care, besiders correlate beliefs and feelings with behaviors relating the health and illness. Had participate this research 40 carrier disease of arterial hypertension, 20 men and 20 women, patients of private health service destined to prevention and control of ills. All participants were inserting in a group of health education. The way used was structured interviews, with opened and closed questions that include aspects about arterial hypertension. The reviews were made by analysis of content and statistical tests. The results showed how was established the history of hypertension and what was the definition about hypertension by participants, were described the process of causality and prevention, the behaviors displayed after diagnosed, the feelings related to illness and connection with the service and professionals of health system. Behavior of procrastination, feelings of guilt, afraid and difficulty with changes of habits were studied too. In a general, the character asymptomatic and unpredicatable of hypertension was highlighted. Was note that participants had knowledge about factors of risk to increase of pressure and the behaviors required to control showing that action of prevention was focused in practice of life. The emotional factors were said many times, mainly to blame it for aggravation and contextualize it. The feelings identified had indicated the possibility of live peacefully with illness to some participants and worries with diagnosed to others, especially...

abstract: Despite recent strides for awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, prevalence remains high with estimates suggesting one third of Americans have hypertension. The hypotensive effects of potassium and magnesium have been known and administered in a clinical setting for nearly a century. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of taking a potassium/magnesium supplement to help reduce blood pressure in individuals with mildly-moderately elevated blood pressure. In this randomized, controlled crossover trial, potassium and magnesium supplementation was explored among healthy adults with mildly elevated blood pressure in Phoenix, Arizona. Subjects (n = 12) were randomly assigned to ingest either the treatment chewy bar (217 mg potassium/day; 70.8 mg magnesium/day) or a placebo chewy bar for four weeks. For the subsequent four weeks, subjects ingested the other corresponding chewy bar. Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and average blood pressure values were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.645, p = 0.464 and p = 0.939, respectively). Baseline mean blood pressure was 121.0/75.7 mm Hg. The 12 subjects (8 females, 4 males) had a mean age of 29.3 years old and a mean BMI of 26.2. After four weeks, the treatment group had a slightly higher SBP (118.3 ± 13.3 mm Hg) than the control group (116.5 ± 17.8 mm Hg); however, DBP was lower in the treatment group (71.7 ± 12.4 mm Hg) than the control group (73.0 ± 10.0 mm Hg). In conclusion, daily supplementation of potassium and magnesium (217.2 mg/day and 70.8 mg/day, respectively) did not significantly lower blood pressure in adults with mildly-moderately elevated blood pressure. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_epy_me_botfm.pdf: 392663 bytes, checksum: 4d93f9c5f10749d4893d4042d8c6e30b (MD5) / O tabagismo é uma pandemia que tem vitimado milhares de pessoas anualmente. No Brasil, são estimadas cerca de 200 mil mortes por ano em conseqüência do tabagismo. Por essa razão, várias ações têm sido implementadas com o objetivo de reduzir a prevalência de fumantes, assim como a morbidade e a mortalidade por doenças tabacorelacionadas e aumentar a taxa de cessação do tabaco. Para que isso ocorra é fundamental a abordagem dos usuários com relação ao tabagismo por todos os profissionais de saúde em todos os contatos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar se os tabagistas hipertensos em algum momento de seu tratamento foram orientados e ou abordados por profissionais de saúde sobre a cessação do tabagismo. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram avaliados 56 indivíduos atendidos em uma unidade de saúde da família do município de Gália por meio de questionário estruturado e análise de prontuário. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que os indivíduos em sua maioria fumavam cigarro de fumo de corda, há mais de 20 anos e iniciaram na adolescência. Grande parte dos indivíduos considerou o tabagismo como doença e que tinha relação com a hipertensão arterial; reconheceram que causava dependência e que não poderiam cessar o uso do tabaco a qualquer instante. Em relação abordagem pelos profissionais, a maioria relatou que foram abordados sobre a cessação do tabaco, porém somente 64,3% tinham alguma anotação no prontuário. O estudo também revelou que 44,6% dos entrevistados tinham grau de dependência muito baixo e baixo, mostrando desta forma que se a abordagem dos profissionais tivesse sido mais efetiva, com sessões estruturadas de aconselhamento, as taxas de cessação poderiam ser maiores... / Smoking is a pandemic that has victimized thousands of people annually. In Brazil, estimated about 200 thousand deaths per year as a result of smoking. For this reason, several measures have been implemented in order to reduce the prevalence of smokers, as morbidity and mortality for tobacco-related diseases and increase the rate of tobacco cessation. For this to occur is essential to approach the users in relation to smoking by all health professionals in all contacts. The aim of this study was to examine whether the hypertensive smokers at some point in their treatment and were asked or approach by health professionals on smoking cessation. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, with quantitative approach. We evaluated 56 subjects treated at a health unit family Gália through structured questionnaire and analysis of medical records. The results of this study showed that individuals mostly smoked cigarette smoking rope, more than 20 years and started in adolescence. Many of the individuals considered smoking as a disease and that was related to hypertension, acknowledged that caused addiction and could not stop tobacco use at any time. For the professional approach, the majority reported they were approached about smoking cessation, but only 64.3% had some note in the medical records. The study also revealed that 44.6% of respondents were degree of dependence very low and low, thus demonstrating that the approach of the professionals have been more effective with structured sessions of counseling, the cessation rates could be improved. The approach to smoking cessation is more effective when compared with the treatment of complications that can cause disease. Given the cultural characteristics and access the hypertensive smokers living in rural areas should be approach t every opportunity in order to increase cessation rates and improve their Abstract quality of life. It is therefore... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 andreo_m_me_botib.pdf: 813072 bytes, checksum: 7a4423754738e748fd95e6f9dd607cf7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A restrição proteica materna pode levar à redução no número de cardiomiócitos da prole, um importante fator de risco para desordens cardiovasculares na vida adulta. No coração, todos os componentes do sistema renina-angiotensina (SRA), incluindo a angiotensina 11 (ANG 11) e seus receptores - AT1 R e AT2R - são expressos. Este estudo investigou comparativamente, em modelos idênticos, variando apenas a dieta materna - restrição proteica (artigo I) ou desnutrição (artigo 11) -, a expressão e localização dos receptores AT1 e AT2, e de suas vias de sinalização, no ventrículo esquerdo de machos adultos da prole. Paralelamente, investigamos a possível hipertrofia ventricular esquerda em machos adultos, além dos valores pressóricos da prole entre a 63 e a 163 semanas de vida. o presente estudo demonstrou que a desnutrição materna tem efeitos mais severos quando comparada à restrição proteica, tanto no que diz respeito à perda de peso da prole no nascimento quanto aos elevados valores de pressão arterial. Tanto a restrição proteica quanto a desnutrição materna durante o período gestacional promovem, nos machos da prole quando adultos, elevação da pressão arterial e modificações significativas na expressão dos receptores de ANG 11 e nas suas vias de sinalização. No modelo de restrição proteica sugerimos a participação da transativação de vias de crescimento pelo receptor AT1, culminando em aumento da expressão de ERK, visto que a expressão de AT2 não foi alterada. No entanto, em ratos submetidos à desnutrição in utero, nossa hipotetizamos que, além da transativação sugerida no outro modelo, ocorra participação do receptor AT2, altamente expresso, causando hipertrofia constitutiva nos cardiomiócitos por uma via independente de ERK 1/2 / Maternal protein restriction may lead to reduced cardiomyocytes in offspring, which can be considered an important factor to cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. In the heart, ali the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) compounds, including angiotensin 11 (ANG 11) and its receptors - AT1 and AT2 - are expressed. This study investigated comparatively, varying only maternal diet - protein restriction (Paper I) or undernutrition (Paper 11) -, the expression and localization of AT1 and AT2 receptors, and their signaling pathways, in heart's left ventricle of male adult offspring. As additional results, we also investigated heart's left ventricle hypertrophy and systolic blood pressure (SBP) offspring from 6th to 16th week of age. The present study demonstrated that maternal undernutrition presents more severe effects, when compared to protein restriction, in the association between offspring birth weight and enhanced SBP in both models. Protein restriction and undernutrition in utero lead to higher levels of SBP in male offspring, and also to significant changes in ANG II receptors and their signaling pathways. In protein-restricted animais, we suggest the participation of growth pathways transactivation via AT1R, leading to enhanced ERK expression, since AT2 expression doesn't seem to be altered. The undernutrition model, for instance, seem to present the same transactivation pattern suggested by protein-restriction, associated to enhanced AT2R expression, and our hypothesis is that AT2 is related to constitutive hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes by an ERK 1/2-independent pathway

Orientador: Roberto Jorge da Silva Franco / Banca: Osvaldo Kohlmann Junior / Banca: Paulo Henrique Waib / Banca: Claudia Forjaz / Banca: Beatriz B. Matsuhara / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo, controlado e aleatorio e investigar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento aerobio supervisionado sobre a pressao arterial, funcao vascular, e perfil metabolico-hormonal de hipertensos naomedicados, durante tres meses. Hipertensos sedentarios, com idade de 50(9) anos, foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos na proporcao 2/1, intervencao e controle, respectivamente. O tamanho da amostra foi estimado para 10% erro ƒÀ e 5% erro ƒ¿, para detectar uma diferenca de 3 mL/kg/min no consume pico de oxigenio, com desvio padrao de 3 mL/kg/min, ao teste ergoespirometrico. Apos 3 meses de exercicios, o treinamento aerobio (n = 55, esteira eletrica, 50-75% VO2max, 3-5 sessoes/sem, 45 min/sessao) promoveu um aumento de 12% no VO2max (p = 0,0001), enquanto no grupo controle (n = 24, protocolo isometrico/postural, 3 sessoes/sem, 45 min/sessao) nao se observou mudanca no condicionamento aerobio. O consumo de sal dietetico durante o estudo provavelmente nao se alterou, como indicado pelo sodio urinario de 24 horas. A massa corporal diminuiu nos dois grupos ao final do estudo (p = 0,001 para aerobio e p = 0,03 para controle), assim como o colesterol plasmatico (p = 0,002 para aerobio e p = 0,0498 para controle). Isso pode sugerir uma mudanca voluntaria na dieta, visto nao ter havido orientacao nutricional previa. Ao final do estudo, nos dois grupos, a pressao arterial de 24 horas nao variou significativamente, assim como a elasticidade arterial (tonometria de aplanamento, HDI/PulseWave CR-2000), renina e aldosterona plasmaticos, e metanefrinas urinarias. Somente no grupo aerobio foi observado: diminuicao da resistencia insulinica (HOMA-IR, p = 0,036), diminuicao do cortisol plasmatico (p = 0,006), aumento na hiperemia reativa pos-isquemica (como indice de funcao endotelial, pletismografia de oclusao venosa, p = 0,009), e aumento no fluxo arterial basal de antebraco (pletismografia de oclusao venosa, p = 0,001) / Abstract:The aim of this prospective controlled randomized study was to investigate the effects of 3 months of a supervisioned aerobic training program on blood pressure profile, vascular function, plasma and urine hormones, and metabolic parameters, including HOMA-RI estimation. Sedentary non-medicated hypertensive subjects, aged 50 (9) years, were randomized to intervention/control groups on a 2/1 proportion. The sample size was estimated to provide 90% power at alpha = 0,05 (one-tailed) to detect a 3-mL/kg/min difference in peak oxygen consumption, with a standard deviation of 3 mL/kg/min, at the treadmill ergospyrometric test. After 3 months, the aerobic training (n =55, eletronic treadmill, 50-75% VO2max, 3-5 sessions/wk, 45 min/session) was effective to promote a 12% increase in VO2max (p = 0,0001), while no significant variation was observed in the control (n = 24, postural/isometric protocol) group. As indicated by urinary sodium, dietary sodium probably did not vary during the study. BMI (aerobic p = 0,001 and control p = 0,03) and total cholesterol (aerobic p = 0,002 and control p = 0,0498) decrease both in intervention and control groups, suggesting a voluntary modification in dietary habits during the study, even nutritional orientation was not given. In intervention and control groups, 24-hours blood pressure profile did not significantly modify, as well as arterial compliance (HDI/PulseWave CR-2000 radial tonometry), plasma renin, aldosterone, C-peptide, and urine metanephrines. At the end of this study, in the intervention but not in the control group, was observed: a decrease in insulin resistance (p = 0,036), a decrease in plasma cortisol (p = 0,006), an increase in postischaemic hyperaemia (as an index of endothelial function, p = 0,009), and an increase in basal muscle forearm blood flow (p = 0,001). A significant correlation was found between changes in insulin resistance and endothelial function (R = -0,51, p < 0,04) / Doutor

Orientador: Débora Simões de Almeida Colombari / Banca: Colin Sumners / Banca: Cássia Marta de Toledo Bermagaschi / Banca: Vagner Roberto Antunes / Banca: Lucila Leico Kagohara Elias / Resumo: O sistema nervoso central (SNC) tem um papel fundamental na regulação de mecanismos que controlam a osmolaridade dos líquidos corporais. O núcleo do trato solitário (NTS) é o sítio primário das aferências cardiovasculares e de osmorreceptores periféricos e se projeta à áreas prosencefálicas envolvidas com a regulação cardiovascular e do equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico. Demonstramos anteriormente que animais com lesão da porção comissural do NTS (commNTS) tem maior ingestão de água, natriurese e resposta pressora frente a sobrecarga intragástrica (ig) de NaCl 2 M. Os mecanismos responsáveis por estas alterações ainda não foram determinados. Uma vez que o estímulo com NaCl 2 M ig (2 ml) ativa osmorreceptores centrais e periféricos, não sabemos até o momento os efeitos da lesão do commNTS sobre as respostas observadas após a estimulação específica de osmorreceptores periféricos, que pode ser feita com NaCl 0,6 M ig. (2 ml). Desta forma os nossos objetivos foram: a) estudar os mecanismos que medeiam o aumento da pressão arterial e da natriurese após a sobrecarga de NaCl 2 M em animais com lesão do commNTS; b) verificar as alterações na expressão da proteína c-Fos após NaCl 2 M ig em ratos com lesão fictícia (sham) ou lesão do commNTS; c) verificar as alterações na expressão gênica no PVN após NaCl 2 M ig, d) estudar os efeitos na pressão arterial, na ingestão de água e na excreção renal subseqüentes a administração de NaCl 0,6 M ig, bem como os mecanismos responsáveis pelas alterações, em ratos com lesão fictícia (sham) ou lesão do commNTS; e) verificar as alterações na expressão da proteína c-Fos após NaCl 0,6 M ig em ratos com lesão fictícia (sham) ou lesão do commNTS. Ratos Holtzman (280-320 g) foram utilizados. A lesão eletrolítica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The central nervous system has an important role controlling the mechanisms involved in the regulation of body fluid osmolality. The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is the primary site of cardiovascular and peripheral osmoreceptors afferents and projects to prosencephalic areas involved in hydroelectrolytic balance and cardiovascular regulation. We have demonstrated that commissural NTS (commNTS) lesioned rats had an increase in arterial pressure and a greater increase in water intake and natriuresis after 2 M NaCl intragastric (ig) load. The mechanisms involved in these responses are not known. Since 2 M NaCl ig (2 ml) activates central and peripheral osmoreceptors, it is not known the effects of the commNTS lesion on the responses induced only by the activation of the peripheral osmoreceptors, which can be done by 0.6 M NaCl (2 ml) ig. Thus, the aims of this study were: a) to study the mechanisms involved in the increase of the arterial pressure and natriuresis in commNTS lesioned rats after 2 M NaCl ig; b) to verify the changes in c-Fos expression after 2 M NaCl ig in sham and commNTS lesioned rats; c) to verify the changes in gene expression in PVN after 2 M NaCl ig in naïve rats; d) to study the effects on arterial pressure, water intake and renal excretion after 0.6 M NaCl, as well as, the mechanisms involved in these responses, in sham and in commNTS lesioned rats; e) to verify the changes in c-Fos expression after 0.6 M NaCl ig in sham and commNTS lesioned rats. Male Holtzman rats (280-320 g) were used. Electrolytic lesion of the commNTS and all experiments were be performed in chronic period of lesion (14 to 21 days. For the lesion, a partial craniotomy of the occipital bone was performed, and the dorsal surface of the brainstem was exposed. The electrolytic lesion was performed using... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor