The aim of this study is to analyse the Moderate Party and the Swedish Democrats idea development in the issue of migration in 2010-2018. The inquiry consists of the following two research questions. How has the Moderate Party and the Swedish Democrats positions regarding migration developed in 2010-2018? How can institutional theories explain the Moderate Party and the Swedish Democrats idea development? The study is encompassed by three theoretical perspectives also recognised as rational-choice institutionalism, historical institutionalism and discursive institutionalism. In regard to the methodological approach, the study employs the comparative case study design with the most-similar system and is essentially an idea analytical study. The main results reveal that both the Moderate Party and the Swedish Democrats have adjusted their migration policies but to different degrees. The Swedish Democrats promote similar policies in 2010 as in 2018 with smaller alterations while the Moderate Party has customised larger alterations, distinguishing the party’s migration policy from 2010 and 2018. These policy alterations are primarily explained as a result of rational action, societal discourses and critical junctures.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the understanding of human rights in Agenda 2030 and the role of companies by adopting a human rights-based approach to sustainable development. It applies a qualitative idea analysis of the primarily material where central concepts are operationalized by constructing a model of analysis based on dimensions. The dimensions of human rights as moral, politics and law, derives from previous research by the ethical theorist Elena Namli. A potential fourth dimension, the economic dimension of human rights, is further developed, applying research of the economists Dan Seymour and Jonathan Pincus. Furthermore, this research considers what Agenda 2030 indicates in terms of human rights obligations for companies and the impacts the perceived role of companies may have for human rights. Therefore, the theoretical framework is complemented by research of the political theorist Thomas Pogge's, and international lawyer Andrew Clapham’s ideas of human rights obligations for companies. The results show that Agenda 2030 encourages a multi-stakeholder approach and addresses companies as partners in order to achieve a sustainable development based on human rights. This can be regarded as an opportunity to enhance the respect, protection and fulfillment of human rights, inviting more actors to contribute in a complementary way to states. At the same time challenges remains in creating policies, accountability and monitoring mechanisms towards companies bothin terms of human rights and companies’ performance on the SDGs. Until there is more legal clarity, the moral question of what is good and fair business practice becomes central.

Even though terrorism has been on the political agenda for several years there is no general accepted definition of the phenomena of terrorism. Several scientist do also apply that terrorism have changed after the 9/11-attacks. The purpose with this thesis was to analyze and compare the image of terrorism represented by the United States, United Kingdom, Sweden and Norway, in an attempt to draw conclusions about similarities and differentials. The material that was used was these four nations individual counter terrorism strategy. This was made by using idea analysis and self constructed dimensions based on earlier science about security, terrorism and international law. A result of this study showed that there is a consensus about terrorism as a high existential threat because of the religious extremism that is related to Al Qaeda and justifies mass murder and have showed attempt to acquire weapons of mass destruction. On this adoption the nations in this study justifies extraordinary actions in cooperation against global terrorism. It is however some differentials about the means to counter this threat. The United States, United Kingdom and Norway describes in their strategy that the threat of Al Qaeda and its allies should be met by military force. United Kingdom describes that the military action is to consider as an exception based on the extraordinary threat that Al Qaeda poses. Sweden on the other hand shows a description of terrorism as a criminal act that should be met by national measures.

Denna studie handlar om styrning och ledning i Karlstad kommun. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur New Public Management och Tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning kan bidra till en förståelse för den centralt kommunicerade styrningen och ledningen. Den övergripande problemställningen som besvaras i studien är Vilka dominerande inslag av Tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning samt New Public Management återfinns i den centralt kommunicerade styrningen och ledningen av Karlstads kommun? Frågeställningen besvaras med en idéanalys. Två styrningstrender används som idealtyper för att utforska det empiriska materialet som består av styrdokument och intervjuer med tjänstemän inom kommunledningen. De två trender som utgör teoretisk grund är New Public Management och Tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning. Studiens relevans ligger i den svenska regeringens pågående arbete med att förändra hela styrkedjan inom den offentliga sektorn, från New Public management till Tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning. Den övergripande problembilden baseras på antagandet att vissa centrala delar i New Public Management har lett till en oproportionerlig ökning av administrativa arbetsuppgifter, vilket i slutändan lett till en ineffektiv användning av de offentliga resurserna. Genom att undersöka befintlig styrning och ledning i en svensk kommun idag får vi en bättre nulägesbild av vilka områden som, mer eller mindre uttryckligen, präglas av de två trenderna. Således kan de båda trenderna sägas representera det gamla och det nya då regeringens ambition är att ersätta delar av den ena med den andra. Resultatet av studien visar att genom att se på olika områden är det möjligt att lokalisera element från de två trenderna i varierande utsträckning. De båda trenderna var för sig är dock inte tillräckliga för att skapa sig en rättvis bild av den centrala styrningen och ledningen i Karlstad kommun. Tillsammans bildar de vad som bäst beskrivas som en hybridmodell. / This paper is about governance and management in the municipality of Karlstad. The study aims to explore how New Public Management and Trust based governance and management can contribute to an understanding of the centrally communicated governance and management. The main question that is to be answered in this paper is What dominant elements of Trust based governance and management as well as New Public Management can be found in the centrally communicated governance and management of the municipality of Karlstad? The question is answered by an idea analysis. Two management trends are being used to explore the empirical material that consists of steering documents and interviews with representatives of the municipal management. The two trends that are used as theoretical base and ideal types for this study are New Public Management and Trust based governance and management. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the Swedish government has a work in progress on changing the course of the governance throughout the public sector, from New Public Management to Trust based governance and leadership. The overall problem scenario is based on the assumption that some of the central elements of New Public Management has led to an disproportionate increase in administration, which in the end has led to a non- efficient usage of the public resources. By examining the existing governance and management in a Swedish municipality today we get a better situation image of which areas that are, more or less explicitly stated, characterized by the two trends. Thus both trends can be said to represent the old and the new as the government's ambition is to replace parts of one with the other. The result of the study shows that by looking at different areas you are able to locate the two trends in varying extent. The trends by themselves are not enough to get a clear image of the governance and management in Karlstad, yet together they form what is best described as a hybrid model.

Disinformation is a growing problem in a fast changing world, where technology today contributes to the spread of false and sometimes directly harmful information. Within the field of international security studies there is an ongoing theoretical conflict over whether or not security ought to be expanded to include issues that otherwise do not concern the traditional state and military-centric approach. One such issue is the multifaceted phenomenon disinformation, which some claim has little or no meaning and relevancy within the international arena. This is because it mainly influences individuals. Nevertheless, the EU has still initiated security work to combat disinformation. The main purpose of this study is to describe and illustrate how disinformation is defined within the EU’s security framework. Applying David. A Baldwins conceptual dimensions and ideal types and anchoring them in the prominent theories realism, liberalism and constructivism, the study aims to describe and illustrate how EU views disinformation in its pursuit for security. The study later shows that disinformation needs to be affirmed and taken more seriously by the international community.