This thesis analyses the fabled public exchange of letters that occurred between political theorist Hannah Arendt and historian of Jewish religion Gershom Scholem in 1964 following the historic trial of Adolf Eichmann and Arendt's subsequent publication of her report of the event, Eichmann in Jerusalem. The thesis covers the historical issues that form the contextual background to the exchange. It involves the introduction of the two participants as defining Jewish intellectuals of the past century, the course of the trial itself and the political and ideological problems it entailed as well as the turbulent history of the reception of Arendt's book. It is down to these four factors that guaranteed the eminence of the exchange of letters analysed in the thesis. Oft-quoted as the exchange is, there has been no proper analysis of it to this date. To accomplish this task, the thesis adopts the theoretical-methodological framework of discourse analysis in general, and the version of rhetorically oriented discursive psychology, proposed mainly in the publications of Potter and Wetherell (1987) and Billig (1996), in particular. This approach allows the thesis to provide a fine-grained analysis of the various ways of textual construction. Firstly, the ways examined concern the significance, worth and value of the debate itself, as formulated by both of the participants. Secondly, they involve the construction of the attempt to establish definite versions of the content of the book. Thirdly, they cover the textual acts of accounting for that content, or the practice of misinterpretation of that content, respectively. What all these three aspects have in common is the positioning of the problems touched upon in a moral and political context, and ultimately approaching them in terms of the identities of the participants. In this sense, versions of the events and ways of accounting for it will not only aim at producing accurate descriptions of events but in the forms of an implied morality or politics an implied "action-plan" for the future as well. The construction of Arendt and Scholem is, hence, analysed in terms of its argumentative organisation in order to undermine the other's counterversion and to establish its own as the definite one. While, structurally, there are many similarities in the two letters, what distinguishes them is that they conceive of their objects (i.e. the text), subject positions, and political or moral values according to which they should be assessed in quite diametrically opposite ways. This thesis not only registers the various rhetorical ways the participants fashion their versions as definite ones, but also accounts for the differences in their contents.

This thesis adopts a bottom-up, qualitative approach to Palestinian identity construction in East Jerusalem and asks how the new politics and altered geography of the city since Oslo are recreating Palestinian subjectivities and redefining Palestinian struggle. I make the case that East Jerusalemites are doubly marginalised, first as Palestinians spatially and politically dislocated from the West Bank, then as residents of Israel, inside the politics and economy of the state but permanently excluded from the national project. Distanced from both state projects and from the discursive structures through which Palestinian identity was constructed after 1967, East Jerusalem residents are redefining from below what it means to be Palestinian in ways that are unfamiliar to Palestinians elsewhere in the occupied territories. Drawing on the vocabulary and theoretical contours of discourse theory, I problematise the top-down optic favoured by mainstream academic approaches which essentialises identities and privileges an occupation/resistance binary. I suggest that a ground-level approach to everyday practices in East Jerusalem sheds light on the extent to which existing nationalist and resistance discourses have either lost or changed meaning for Palestinian residents and makes evident the complexities of domination which are not visible from an elevated perspective. I suggest that the view from the ground in East Jerusalem is significantly underexplored and that from this position, the assumptions underlying existing analytic approaches to Palestinian identity and struggle are called into question.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Pretendemos neste trabalho analisar a constituiÃÃo da identidade do jovem excluÃdo no discurso da inclusÃo social do Programa Nacional de InclusÃo de Jovens â ProJovem Urbano. Quanto aos pressupostos teÃricos e metodolÃgicos, apoiamo-nos na AnÃlise do Discurso, em especial, em Courtine (1981), Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996, 2007) e Possenti (2004, 2007). No caso de Courtine (1981), apropriamo-nos, particularmente, das suas discussÃes acerca das sequÃncias discursivas de referÃncia (SDR), como forma de segmentar as passagens do corpus para a anÃlise, e de suas contribuiÃÃes para o entendimento do repetÃvel na linguagem, ou seja, da parÃfrase. No tocante a parÃfrase e a sua relaÃÃo com as teorias discursivas, as discussÃes de Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996; 2007) e Possenti (2004, 2007) foram fundamentais. Devido à complexidade do objeto de pesquisa, ampliamos o horizonte teÃrico por meio de leituras interdisciplinares, em que nos voltamos para as diferentes Ãreas, a saber, as CiÃncias da EducaÃÃo, a Sociologia e a Economia. Os debates que envolvem polÃticas pÃblicas, educaÃÃo, modelos econÃmicos e identidades foram realizados nessa interrelaÃÃo de campos de estudos. No Ãmbito das identidades, destacamos as contribuiÃÃes de Bauman (2008) e Hall (2003). Quanto à anÃlise, selecionamos, do corpus, constituÃdo pela ResoluÃÃo n 22 de 26 de maio de 2008, do Conselho Deliberativo (2008) pelos Manuais do Educador (2008, 2009) e pelos Guias de Estudo (2008, 2009) do ProJovem Urbano, doze sequÃncias discursivas de referÃncia (SDR). A relaÃÃo parafrÃstica estabelecida entre essas sequÃncias nos possibilitou averiguar a antagonizaÃÃo entre as identidades do jovem incluÃdo e do jovem excluÃdo, os parÃmetros utilizados pelo enunciador para o estabelecimento da identidade do sujeito ideal e, por fim, as estratÃgias discursivas utilizadas para tornar eficiente a dispersÃo da identidade do jovem excluÃdo. / In this work we aim to analyze the identity constitution of young students who are excluded from society and who belong to a program of social inclusion called ProJovem Urbano - Inclusion National Program for Young Adults. The theory and methodology are based on Discourse Analysis, especially on Courtine (1981), Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996, 2007) and Possenti (2004, 2007). Concerning Courtine (1981), we particularly rely on his discussions about discursive sequences of reference as a form to segment the passages of the corpus to be analyzed, as well as on his contributions to comprehend the paraphrase, that is what can be repeated in language. About the paraphrase and its relations with discursive theories, the discussions of Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996, 2007) and Possenti (2004, 2007) were of a fundamental importance. Because of the complexity of our research object, it was necessary to enlarge our theoretical horizon through interdisciplinary readings, focusing on other different areas as Educational Sciences, Sociology and Economics, debating public politics, education, economic models and identities in the interrelation of these different areas. About the identities, we emphasize Baumanâs (2008) and Hallâs (2003) contributions. About the analysis, we selected twelve discursive sequences of reference from the corpus, which are constituted by the Resolution number 22 from the 26 of May, 2008, by the Educator Manuals and by ProJovem Urbano Study Guides. The paraphrasal relations established in these sequences led us to investigate the antagonization between the identities of the excluded and of the included young adults, as well as the patterns used by the enunciator to establish the identity of the ideal subject, and the discursive strategies used to make efficient the dispersion of the excluded young adult identity.

Previously consigned to the anonymity of �the product market� by researchers in traditional fields such as labour economics and industrial relations, the customer has recently attracted the attention of scholars from a diverse range of disciplines, including organisational behaviour, work psychology, labour process studies, gender studies, and critical management studies. In large part, this emerging interest in the customer is a result of the increasing dominance of service industries in developed economies and the recognition that service work entails a complex, three-way interaction between customers, management and workers. The literature identifies a range of competing and, at times, contradictory images of the customer. Rather than seeking to reconcile these competing representations, this thesis explores the multi-faceted nature of the customer presence and the implications for managers and workers in the retail banking industry in Australia. The thesis highlights how structural change and shifting discourses of the �customer� have influenced customer relations, employment relations, and worker identity in three areas of the retail banking industry: traditional retail banks, the credit union movement, and community banks. Drawing on detailed qualitative case study evidence, the thesis highlights the range of customers, both �real� and �constructed�, that can be found in the case study organisations. The thesis identifies the ways in which customers influence employment relations and how workers can be active in either accommodating or resisting the impact of these �customers� on workplace practice and worker identity. The central argument of the thesis is that, in addition to customers having a physical presence in and influence on organisational life, management and workers also construct �discursive customers� as a means of influencing the employment relationship and the meanings attached to service work. The study examines how these competing concepts of the customer and customer service influence both the customer-service provider relationship and service workers� relationships with one another and with management. Despite the increasing recognition that service work entails a three-way relationship between customers, management and workers, our understanding of how workers either welcome or resist the presence of this third actor in the employment relationship has, until recently remained very limited. This thesis makes a significant contribution to our understanding that for workers the customer is ever-present physically, emotionally and discursively.

Following the end of the Cold War and the political fall-out from the Tiananmen incident, the US and China ended the last century and began the new one with three well publicised fall outs: the 1995-96 Taiwan Straits Crisis, the bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade in 1999, and the Spy Plane Incident in 2001. In each of these incidents the two states immediately resorted to confrontation and animosity before shifting towards a peaceful resolution. How did these transformations become possible? How did this relationship plunge towards confrontation over three apparent accidents? What factors were shaping these events and the main actor's behaviour? This thesis provides an alternative framework for analysing these interactions; one that takes into account dynamics other than those emphasised in neo-utilitarian approaches to IR. Emphasising social dynamics, I ask a series of ‘how possible' questions so as to lend insight into the processes of change that have taken place. I examine each case in detail and develop an argument that focuses upon investigating how the situations arose, how meaning was constructed and renegotiated, how identities were produced, and how emotional dynamics were drawn upon. Chapter One introduces the puzzles that this thesis will be addressing before setting out the conceptual focus of the research. Chapter Two provides a theoretical discussion relating to the current literature surrounding US-Chinese relations, before setting out the theoretical assumptions and methodological tools that I employ. Chapters Three, Four and Five represent the empirical ‘heart' of the thesis, with each providing detailed analysis of the interaction in question. To finish, Chapter Six highlights the themes that have emerged over the course of the empirical investigations, before concluding with a discussion relating to the contribution to the literature and possible avenues of future research.

Previously consigned to the anonymity of �the product market� by researchers in traditional fields such as labour economics and industrial relations, the customer has recently attracted the attention of scholars from a diverse range of disciplines, including organisational behaviour, work psychology, labour process studies, gender studies, and critical management studies. In large part, this emerging interest in the customer is a result of the increasing dominance of service industries in developed economies and the recognition that service work entails a complex, three-way interaction between customers, management and workers. The literature identifies a range of competing and, at times, contradictory images of the customer. Rather than seeking to reconcile these competing representations, this thesis explores the multi-faceted nature of the customer presence and the implications for managers and workers in the retail banking industry in Australia. The thesis highlights how structural change and shifting discourses of the �customer� have influenced customer relations, employment relations, and worker identity in three areas of the retail banking industry: traditional retail banks, the credit union movement, and community banks. Drawing on detailed qualitative case study evidence, the thesis highlights the range of customers, both �real� and �constructed�, that can be found in the case study organisations. The thesis identifies the ways in which customers influence employment relations and how workers can be active in either accommodating or resisting the impact of these �customers� on workplace practice and worker identity. The central argument of the thesis is that, in addition to customers having a physical presence in and influence on organisational life, management and workers also construct �discursive customers� as a means of influencing the employment relationship and the meanings attached to service work. The study examines how these competing concepts of the customer and customer service influence both the customer-service provider relationship and service workers� relationships with one another and with management. Despite the increasing recognition that service work entails a three-way relationship between customers, management and workers, our understanding of how workers either welcome or resist the presence of this third actor in the employment relationship has, until recently remained very limited. This thesis makes a significant contribution to our understanding that for workers the customer is ever-present physically, emotionally and discursively.

MORAIS, Argus Romero Abreu de. Língua, discurso e identidade(s): quem é o jovem excluído para o Projovem Urbano? 2010. 147f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2010. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-22T16:08:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010-dis-aramorais.pdf: 1108082 bytes, checksum: f36585a453fb53c2ddaff01b92a612bc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-22T17:06:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010-dis-aramorais.pdf: 1108082 bytes, checksum: f36585a453fb53c2ddaff01b92a612bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-22T17:06:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010-dis-aramorais.pdf: 1108082 bytes, checksum: f36585a453fb53c2ddaff01b92a612bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / In this work we aim to analyze the identity constitution of young students who are excluded from society and who belong to a program of social inclusion called ProJovem Urbano - Inclusion National Program for Young Adults. The theory and methodology are based on Discourse Analysis, especially on Courtine (1981), Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996, 2007) and Possenti (2004, 2007). Concerning Courtine (1981), we particularly rely on his discussions about discursive sequences of reference as a form to segment the passages of the corpus to be analyzed, as well as on his contributions to comprehend the paraphrase, that is what can be repeated in language. About the paraphrase and its relations with discursive theories, the discussions of Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996, 2007) and Possenti (2004, 2007) were of a fundamental importance. Because of the complexity of our research object, it was necessary to enlarge our theoretical horizon through interdisciplinary readings, focusing on other different areas as Educational Sciences, Sociology and Economics, debating public politics, education, economic models and identities in the interrelation of these different areas. About the identities, we emphasize Bauman’s (2008) and Hall’s (2003) contributions. About the analysis, we selected twelve discursive sequences of reference from the corpus, which are constituted by the Resolution number 22 from the 26 of May, 2008, by the Educator Manuals and by ProJovem Urbano Study Guides. The paraphrasal relations established in these sequences led us to investigate the antagonization between the identities of the excluded and of the included young adults, as well as the patterns used by the enunciator to establish the identity of the ideal subject, and the discursive strategies used to make efficient the dispersion of the excluded young adult identity. / Pretendemos neste trabalho analisar a constituição da identidade do jovem excluído no discurso da inclusão social do Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens – ProJovem Urbano. Quanto aos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos, apoiamo-nos na Análise do Discurso, em especial, em Courtine (1981), Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996, 2007) e Possenti (2004, 2007). No caso de Courtine (1981), apropriamo-nos, particularmente, das suas discussões acerca das sequências discursivas de referência (SDR), como forma de segmentar as passagens do corpus para a análise, e de suas contribuições para o entendimento do repetível na linguagem, ou seja, da paráfrase. No tocante a paráfrase e a sua relação com as teorias discursivas, as discussões de Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008), Orlandi (1996; 2007) e Possenti (2004, 2007) foram fundamentais. Devido à complexidade do objeto de pesquisa, ampliamos o horizonte teórico por meio de leituras interdisciplinares, em que nos voltamos para as diferentes áreas, a saber, as Ciências da Educação, a Sociologia e a Economia. Os debates que envolvem políticas públicas, educação, modelos econômicos e identidades foram realizados nessa interrelação de campos de estudos. No âmbito das identidades, destacamos as contribuições de Bauman (2008) e Hall (2003). Quanto à análise, selecionamos, do corpus, constituído pela Resolução nº 22 de 26 de maio de 2008, do Conselho Deliberativo (2008) pelos Manuais do Educador (2008, 2009) e pelos Guias de Estudo (2008, 2009) do ProJovem Urbano, doze sequências discursivas de referência (SDR). A relação parafrástica estabelecida entre essas sequências nos possibilitou averiguar a antagonização entre as identidades do jovem incluído e do jovem excluído, os parâmetros utilizados pelo enunciador para o estabelecimento da identidade do sujeito ideal e, por fim, as estratégias discursivas utilizadas para tornar eficiente a dispersão da identidade do jovem excluído.

Submitted by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-28T17:15:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Dias Alves.pdf: 3507182 bytes, checksum: 45b58e5b76f12e1568f42e2b60c94c37 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-28T17:16:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Dias Alves.pdf: 3507182 bytes, checksum: 45b58e5b76f12e1568f42e2b60c94c37 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2016-11-28T17:16:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Dias Alves.pdf: 3507182 bytes, checksum: 45b58e5b76f12e1568f42e2b60c94c37 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-28T17:17:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Dias Alves.pdf: 3507182 bytes, checksum: 45b58e5b76f12e1568f42e2b60c94c37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-18 / The real estate advertisement presents some peculiarities owing to the products advertised, i.e., high value goods that cannot be consumed by the time of the purchase (do not exist in concrete). What is advertised is to become simulated in a hyper-realistic image of product and in a prototype of decorated apartment by the consumption experience at the sales stand. The real estate compares to a mass consumption product in relation to its serial assembly line, which alienate the worker from the final process. Advertising, as a myth of our time, occupies an intermediate ranking between production and consumption by classifying products, wherein the residential real estate obtains a sense: it acquires a name, a brand, a “conceptual packaging”, all of which distinguish it. On the occasion of the launch, the real estate has even not been edified, however, it “already exists” in the magic universe of advertisement, which starts in the advertisement and extends to the sales stand. In our work we have carried out two analysis movements on residential real estate launching advertisements in the city of São Paulo: The Discourse Analysis to verify the production conditions and the senses it comprises and the Rhetoric Analysis to verify the employed persuasive elements, which are focused on the reason or emotion. In this manner have we investigated the construction of the products personality and their advertisements, which catch the imaginary and seduce with identity models and life style. / A publicidade de lançamentos imobiliários possui algumas especificidades decorrentes dos próprios produtos que anuncia, bens de alto valor aquisitivo, que não podem ser consumidos no momento da compra (não existem materialmente). O que se anuncia é um vir a ser, simulado em imagens hiper-realistas do empreendimento e em um protótipo de apartamento decorado para a experiência do consumo no estande de vendas. O imóvel se assemelha aos produtos de consumo de massa quanto à sua fabricação em série, que aliena o trabalhador do processo final de seu trabalho. A publicidade, como mito da nossa época, ocupa um lugar intermediário entre a produção e o consumo, classificando os produtos. Nela, o imóvel residencial adquire sentido: ganha um nome, uma marca, uma “embalagem conceitual” que o distingue. Se no lançamento o imóvel nem começou a ser construído, ele já “existe” no universo mágico da publicidade, que começa no anúncio e se estende até o estande de vendas. Em nosso trabalho, realizamos dois movimentos de análise de anúncios de lançamentos imobiliários residenciais na cidade de São Paulo: a Análise de Discurso, para verificar as condições de produção e os sentidos que engendram, e a Análise Retórica, para verificar os elementos persuasivos utilizados, voltados à razão ou à emoção. Investigamos, assim, a construção da personalidade dos produtos e seus anúncios, que captam o imaginário e seduzem com modelos de identidade e de estilo de vida.

This study focuses on the construction of American identity over time as it relates to U.S. foreign policy. It is based on the insights of poststructuralism and variants of discourse theory. In particular, the study depicts the historical development of identity representations within U.S. foreign policy discourse from 2008 to 2020, in order to demonstrate how the ongoing construction of identity enabled Donald Trump's disruptive foreign policy. Much of identity research in IR focuses on Self/Other relationships and understudies affirmative representations of identity. The current study fills this research gap by examining processes of affirmative linking in the construction of identity. The main results of the study found that the Trump administration's identity representations radically diverged from those of the Obama administration. The latter articulated America predominantly as a leader in the world, while the former reconstructed American identity as one of being a victim. However, two representations of American identity stayed constant: America as an inspiration to others and America as a force for good in the world.

Jerusalem is the declared capital of Israel, fundamental to Jewish tradition, and a contested city, part of the Israel–Palestine conflict. Departing from an analysis of mainly interviews and policy documents, this study aims to analyze the interplay between the Israeli identity politics of Jerusalem and city planning. The role of the city is related to discursive struggles between traditional, new, and post-Zionism. One conclusion is that the Israeli claim to the city is firmly anchored in a master commemorative narrative stating that Jerusalem is the eternal and indivisible capital of Israel. A second conclusion is that there is a constant interplay between Israeli identity politics, city policy, and planning practice, through specific strategies of territoriality. The goals of the strategies are to create a political, historical and religious, ethnic, economic, and exclusive capital. Planning policies are mainly focused on uniting the city through housing projects in East Jerusalem, rehabilitating historic heritage, ancestry, and landscapes, city center renewal, demographic balance, and economic growth, mainly through tourism and industrial development. An analysis of coping strategies shows that Jerusalem planners relate to identity politics by adopting a self-image of being professional, and by blaming the planning system for opening up to ideational impact. Depending on the issue, a planner adopts a reactive role as a bureaucrat or an expert, or an active role, such mobilizer or an advocate. One conclusion drawn from the “Safdie Plan” process is that traditional Zionism and the dominant collective planning doctrine are being challenged. An alliance of environmental movements, politicians from left and right, and citizens, mobilized a campaign against the plan that was intended to develop the western outskirts of Jerusalem. The rejection of the plan challenged the established political leadership, it opened up for an expansion to the east, and strengthened Green Zionism, but the result is also a challenge to the housing needs of Jerusalem. / Författaren tillhör även "Forskarskolan Urbana och Regionala Studier – Städer och regioner i förändring"