Bangladesh geographically comprised one of the largest delta landscapes of the world. Almost 6.7% of country’stotal area (147570 sqkm.) is covered byrivers and inland water bodies. These water bodies being rich in fishproduction meet the majority of the demand of protein. Bangladesh produces world's fourth largest quantity of fishand it is collected from the inland water bodies. Though shrimps were easily available in the inland water bodies forhundreds of years but shrimp culture as an export-oriented activity is a phenomenon of recent past. Bangladeshearned US$ 2.9 million by exporting shrimp in 1972-73 which was 1 % of the country's total exports. It increased to US$ 33 million in 1980 and to US$ 90.0 million in 1985. But until the mid-1980’s shrimp culture was principallydependent on open-water catches of shrimp it means that time shrimps were not cultivated in a proper planned way.But the culture of shrimp totally for export purpose started after the mid 1980’s. Since then the professional cultivation of shrimp had a very positive and effective impact on the economy of Bangladesh. Exports of shrimpfrom Bangladesh increased from US$ 91 million in FY (Fiscal Year) 1986 to US$ 280 million in FY1997. Duringthe corresponding period, the quantity of shrimp exports increased from 17.2 thousand tonnes to 25.2 thousandtonnes. As most of the shrimp farms have been developed without considering the sustainability of the environmentand some other factors like water pH & salinity, soil pH & salinity, soil texture etc. the farmers are getting lessreturn but affecting the environment most. Geographical Information System (GIS) can give an easier but effectivesolution here through selecting the best suitable sites for shrimp cultivation. Moreover GIS can solve thetransportation problem of this perishable product from the production area to the harbor or airport through transport route selection. This cansave a lot of money and time and consequently make the shrimp cultivation moreeconomic.

yes / Using compulsory e-government services is increasingly difficult and challenging given the impact of corruption, political instability, armed conflict, and a chaotic environment. Post the 2011 uprising, Libya experienced serious and deep-rooted conflicts. The chaos destabilized and dismantled government institutions throughout the country. Utilizing the lens of institutional theory, this paper presents the pressures experienced by the formal institutions in the absence of law and safety, to implement the necessary e-government services and provide it to citizens all over the country. In addition, to explore the role of informal institutions in providing and using the compulsory services offered by the government and to what extent alternative services could be made available. Two qualitative pilot studies, conducted in 2015 and 2016, explored the feasibility of implementing e-government from both the government officials and the citizens’ perspectives, respectively. From the e-services provided during this time period, only the E-passport and National Identity number were found to be the only successful. Critical Success Factors - CSF of e-government implementation were defined from conducting an in-depth literature review; these were compared with our findings. Both the government officials and the citizens found corruption, infrastructure and geographical nature to be influencing factors. The social collaboration between citizens was found to be the driving factor in the success of the e-passport, despite the difficult geographical nature and the limited infrastructure all over the country.

This thesis is an exploration of the general public's use and reflections on electronic identification (e-ID) tokens, in Sweden. Based on the researcher’s own experiences, the aim was to understand how the current e-ID scheme was enabling or obstructing the interaction with public agencies, etcetera. The thesis has a qualitative research design and is situated within the interpretivist paradigm. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and the analysis of three documents, published by three different public agencies in Sweden. The data was analyzed through the vehicle of thematic analysis, which engendered four themes. These were 1. e-ID definitions, 2. the personal identity number as enabler and obstruction, 3. banks as the major e-ID issuer in Sweden and 4. security, skepticism and trust. The findings indicated that the e-ID was associated with convenience and security risks, which were brought up by the interviewees as well as the analyzed public reports. Furthermore, one of the public reports argued that the e-ID should be separated from the notion of having authority, through re- baptizing the Swedish term for e-ID, in Swedish 'e-legitimation' to electronic identity document ('elektronisk identitetshandling' in Swedish).