The thesis illustrates the development of DSP-based systems-¡§DSP Based Face Characteristic Extraction and Identity Recognition System¡¨.The principal system consists of three major subsystems and two kinds of structure of recognition algorithms.Three major subsystems are Image Acquisition System.Image Preprocessing System,and face characteristic extraction individually.Two kinds of structure are Competitive Neural Network and Gaussian mixture model respectively In actual proving,we adopt colored half-length face image alone only face image,and simulate on PC.In order to acquire the characteristic parameter with the different parts to the people faces , and then achieve the purpose that the identity discerns.Finally implant it to DSP .Shown by the experimental result,this system can really reach the anticipative goal,and gain good recognition and efficiency.

The thesis is a study of migration and its links to belonging, class, national identity and recognition in United Arab Emirates (UAE) federation. It focuses on Pakistani migrants, especially Pakistani professionals in Dubai, which is the second largest Emirate of the UAE because of its territorial extension and economic production (Davidson, 2008a). It is not only an empirical study but also partly a conceptual and analytical treatise on migration in the GCC countries. By comparing the extant literature on migration in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and the findings of my own field research, I argue the need to move beyond concepts such as belonging despite exclusion (Vora, 2013), citizenship as belonging (Vora & Kock, 2015) and nationalism for nationals (Kock, 2015), which have dominated the literature on migration in this region, to better grasp that belonging, class and national identity are contested and situational. Dubai as a transit lounge is an expression used by one of my Pakistani participants to describe the dynamic nature of the city. But more than that, it was used to emphasize that foreign workers life in the emirate is characterized by temporariness. The UAE authorities have categorized people through the citizenship law (no. 17, 1972) in Emiratis and non-Emiratis by conceiving of them as two distinct categories. In my view, this might be interpreted as a fracture between two groups of individuals. In particular, non-Emiratis have been considered and represented in the literature as a monolithic group (Mahdavi, 2011), as disempowered individuals and, especially low-wage migrants, as victims of the market economy over which they cannot wield any control (Kathiravelu, 2016). The extant literature on migration in the GCC countries has portrayed the image of foreign communities in which the role of human agency in the migration experience is underestimated. Starting from the historical evolution of migration in the Arab Gulf region and the links with African and Asian countries, which have contributed towards shaping the ethnic diversity of the UAE and the GCC countries, my research focuses on the presence of Pakistani migrant professionals in Dubai in order to understand the development of migration in the Emirate; the role and importance of the Pakistan Association Dubai (PAD) in contributing towards determining belonging; and therefore how migration affects the Emirati national identity. This thesis challenges the extant literature on migration in the Arab Gulf region by questioning the dichotomy between nationals and non-nationals as two reciprocally-exclusive categories. Instead, it argues the need to look at inter and intra dynamics that take place in the field between the two groups in order to understand how their relations are constructed. It is thus important to consider social interactions between nationals and non-nationals because individuals occupy contradictory and multi-layered locations, spaces and social categories (Yuval-Davis, 2011; Anthias, 2015). This reasoning stems from my historical analysis of ethnic composition and social stratification in the Gulf port cities, especially Dubai, where the coexistence of different ethnic groups resulted from economic exchanges and intermarriages with people coming from African and Asian countries, which in turn contributed towards shaping the ethnic diversity of the region. For example, the construction of belonging cannot be grasped only by looking at non-nationals as an isolated category (Koch, 2015) but it has to be analysed and discussed in relation to others . As such, it is important to consider the role played by migrants and their ethno-national migrant associations in forging the discourse on the Emirati national identity. Migrants, through civic engagement and their participation in the Emirati public sphere, contribute towards strengthening Emirati national identity via their sense of belonging to the country and their agential capacity (e. g. migrant organizations).

Nesta tese analisamos os discursos e as práticas dos grupos e pessoas que compõem o movimento negro no processo de construção de uma identidade social no Brasil contemporâneo. O movimento negro brasileiro, a exemplo do que acontece com outros movimentos sociais gerados na modernidade ocidental, instrumentaliza um constructo de identidade social específica dentro do espaço público como forma de pleitear reparações pelos danos causados pela escravidão e ações de inclusão da população afrodescendente na sociedade como cidadãos com direitos iguais. Além de fontes bibliográficas, nossa metodologia se baseou na realização de entrevistas com militantes, participação em reuniões e eventos, análise de comentários postados em comunidades virtuais, de depoimentos de histórias de vida, bem como de publicações diversas associadas ao movimento negro. A análise das narrativas e práticas do movimento negro nos remeteu à pesquisa acerca da historiografia e das teorias sobre a escravidão no Brasil, sobre a inserção do negro na sociedade brasileira e, especialmente, sobre os elementos de formação identitária do militante negro. Concluímos indicando o caráter contraditório dos processos de formação identitária e das demandas políticas do movimento negro que se mobiliza a favor da igualdade de todos os cidadãos brasileiros sem discriminação racial, mas que, ao mesmo tempo, divide a população entre negros (nós, oprimidos, portanto aptos a receberem reparações) e brancos (eles, privilegiados), gerando parâmetros de inclusão de cunho racial contra os quais a luta contra o racismo historicamente se opôs. Se por um lado, o movimento negro coloca em cena a discussão sobre o preconceito racial no Brasil, tema fundamental para mudar a situação socioeconômica desfavorável da população negra, por outro lado, o radicalismo de suas ações afasta aqueles que não sejam totalmente favoráveis à sua visão de luta contra o racismo e a exclusão social. Os debates atuais opõem as lideranças e os simpatizantes do movimento negro favoráveis a políticas de inserção social pautadas por parâmetros raciais e aqueles que alertam para o perigo de leis raciais em um país miscigenado, defendendo que as políticas de inclusão devem ser edificadas por parâmetros socioeconômicos. / In this thesis we analyze the discourses and practices of black movement groups and individuals in the process of constructing a social identity in contemporary Brazil. Similar to other movements in the Americas, the Brazilian black movement is a new social actor generated by Western modernity which developed an identity and actions within the public space claiming reparations for the damages caused by slavery and supports the inclusion of people of African descent in society as equal citizens. In addition to bibliographic sources, our methodology was based on interviews with activists, participation in meetings and events, analysis of comments posted in virtual communities, life stories testimonies and various publications related to the black movement. We relate the analysis of the narratives and practices of the black movement to the history and theories about slavery and the inclusion of blacks in Brazilian society, in particular, the formation of a black militant identity. We indicate the contradictory nature of the processes of identity formation and political demands of the black movement. While it fights for the equality of all citizens without discrimination, at the same time it divides the Brazilian population into blacks (we, the oppressed, therefore entitled to receive reparations) and whites (they, the privileged), generating criteria for social inclusion policies based on race identification which was historically opposed by those that fought against racism. Therefore, on the one hand the black movement brings the discussion of racial prejudice to the political scene which is of fundamental importance for changing the unfavorable socioeconomic situation of the black population, on the other hand, the radicalism of the movements actions marginalize those that do not completely identify with their views on race and the fight against racism and social exclusion. The current debates are polarized around leaders and supporters of the black movement in favor of policies based on racial criteria and opposition activists who warn of the danger of using racial categories in a miscegenated country. They argue that inclusion policies must be built solely on socioeconomic considerations.

Nesta tese analisamos os discursos e as práticas dos grupos e pessoas que compõem o movimento negro no processo de construção de uma identidade social no Brasil contemporâneo. O movimento negro brasileiro, a exemplo do que acontece com outros movimentos sociais gerados na modernidade ocidental, instrumentaliza um constructo de identidade social específica dentro do espaço público como forma de pleitear reparações pelos danos causados pela escravidão e ações de inclusão da população afrodescendente na sociedade como cidadãos com direitos iguais. Além de fontes bibliográficas, nossa metodologia se baseou na realização de entrevistas com militantes, participação em reuniões e eventos, análise de comentários postados em comunidades virtuais, de depoimentos de histórias de vida, bem como de publicações diversas associadas ao movimento negro. A análise das narrativas e práticas do movimento negro nos remeteu à pesquisa acerca da historiografia e das teorias sobre a escravidão no Brasil, sobre a inserção do negro na sociedade brasileira e, especialmente, sobre os elementos de formação identitária do militante negro. Concluímos indicando o caráter contraditório dos processos de formação identitária e das demandas políticas do movimento negro que se mobiliza a favor da igualdade de todos os cidadãos brasileiros sem discriminação racial, mas que, ao mesmo tempo, divide a população entre negros (nós, oprimidos, portanto aptos a receberem reparações) e brancos (eles, privilegiados), gerando parâmetros de inclusão de cunho racial contra os quais a luta contra o racismo historicamente se opôs. Se por um lado, o movimento negro coloca em cena a discussão sobre o preconceito racial no Brasil, tema fundamental para mudar a situação socioeconômica desfavorável da população negra, por outro lado, o radicalismo de suas ações afasta aqueles que não sejam totalmente favoráveis à sua visão de luta contra o racismo e a exclusão social. Os debates atuais opõem as lideranças e os simpatizantes do movimento negro favoráveis a políticas de inserção social pautadas por parâmetros raciais e aqueles que alertam para o perigo de leis raciais em um país miscigenado, defendendo que as políticas de inclusão devem ser edificadas por parâmetros socioeconômicos. / In this thesis we analyze the discourses and practices of black movement groups and individuals in the process of constructing a social identity in contemporary Brazil. Similar to other movements in the Americas, the Brazilian black movement is a new social actor generated by Western modernity which developed an identity and actions within the public space claiming reparations for the damages caused by slavery and supports the inclusion of people of African descent in society as equal citizens. In addition to bibliographic sources, our methodology was based on interviews with activists, participation in meetings and events, analysis of comments posted in virtual communities, life stories testimonies and various publications related to the black movement. We relate the analysis of the narratives and practices of the black movement to the history and theories about slavery and the inclusion of blacks in Brazilian society, in particular, the formation of a black militant identity. We indicate the contradictory nature of the processes of identity formation and political demands of the black movement. While it fights for the equality of all citizens without discrimination, at the same time it divides the Brazilian population into blacks (we, the oppressed, therefore entitled to receive reparations) and whites (they, the privileged), generating criteria for social inclusion policies based on race identification which was historically opposed by those that fought against racism. Therefore, on the one hand the black movement brings the discussion of racial prejudice to the political scene which is of fundamental importance for changing the unfavorable socioeconomic situation of the black population, on the other hand, the radicalism of the movements actions marginalize those that do not completely identify with their views on race and the fight against racism and social exclusion. The current debates are polarized around leaders and supporters of the black movement in favor of policies based on racial criteria and opposition activists who warn of the danger of using racial categories in a miscegenated country. They argue that inclusion policies must be built solely on socioeconomic considerations.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-30T19:55:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELLA DIAS CAVALCANTE DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2006..pdf: 2114328 bytes, checksum: d2b6ea9368390fa54a2beb6aab40546e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-30T19:55:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELLA DIAS CAVALCANTE DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2006..pdf: 2114328 bytes, checksum: d2b6ea9368390fa54a2beb6aab40546e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07 / Capes / A fala é o meio de comunicação comumente utilizado pelo homem, que o distingue dos demais seres vivos, permitindo-lhe a troca de idéias, expressão de opiniões ou revelação de seu pensamento. Diante do avanço tecnológico e conseqüente surgimento de equipamentos eletrônicos cada vez mais sofisticados, a possibilidade de permitir a interação homemmáquina através da voz tem sido objeto de grande interesse, tanto do meio acadêmico quanto dos fabricantes de tais equipamentos. Pesquisas na área de Processamento Digital de Sinais de Voz têm permitido o desenvolvimento de sistemas de Resposta Vocal, Reconhecimento de Voz e Reconhecimento de Identidade Vocal. Entretanto, requisitos de processamento ainda dificultam a implementação desses sistemas em dispositivos com baixo poder computacional, como celulares, palmtops e eletrodomésticos. O trabalho desenvolvido consiste do estudo e adaptação de técnicas de processamento digital de sinais de voz, resultando em uma biblioteca de pré-processamento, incluindo as funções de pré-ênfase, divisão em quadros e janelamento, de maneira a permitir sua utilização no desenvolvimento de aplicações embutidas de reconhecimento de voz ou locutor. Foram realizadas adaptações dos modelos necessários à realização das funções, implementação em uma linguagem de descrição de hardware, verificação funcional da biblioteca e, por fim, prototipação em um dispositivo de hardware. / Speech is the most common way of communication used by human beings, which distinguishes it from other living beings, allowing the exchange of ideas, expression of opinions or revelation of thought. In face technology advance and consequently appearance of electronics equipments more and more sophisticated, the possibility to allow the man-machine interaction through speech have been object of interesting as to academic environment as to electronic equipment developers. Research in the area of Speech Processing has been allowing the development of Speech Synthesis Systems, Speech Recognition Systems and Speaker Recognition Systems. However, processing requirements still difficult the implementation of those systems in devices with low computational power, as mobile phone, palmtops and home equipments. This work consists of the study and adaptation of digital processing speech signals techniques, resulting in an optimized library of preprocessing including preemphasis, division into frames and windowing, allowing this use in development of speech or speaker recognition embedded applications. It was made adaptations in the models, implementation in a hardware description language, library functional verification and finally the prototyping in a hardware device.

Les coopératives évoluent dans une multitude de régions et de cultures. Plus qu’un élément secondaire, l’aspect culturel et identitaire du développement coopératif est au cœur de ses enjeux de développement et de sa définition-même. En effet, historiquement, l’implantation et le développement des coopératives ont été associés à des réalités identitaires importantes, comme l’illustrent les expériences coopératives acadiennes, basques, québécoises et inuites. Cette thèse étudie l’expérience des 14 coopératives du Nunavik et de leur fédération. Coopératives de consommateurs multiservices, dont les membres sont presque tous Inuit, elles sont l’initiative d’acteurs variés (État, religieux, gérant de magasins). Les premières coopératives ont été mises sur pied à partir de la fin des années 1950 et ont rapidement été gérées par les Inuit eux-mêmes. Venues briser le monopole qu’avait la Compagnie de la Baie-d’Hudson, l’établissement des coopératives au Nunavik correspond également à un changement fondamental dans l’économie et la politique du territoire et des communautés qui y vivent. Grâce à une soixantaine d’entretiens semi-dirigés et plusieurs séjours sur place, cette étude de cas suggestif permet de comprendre la contribution des coopératives membres de la Fédération des coopératives du Nouveau-Québec (FCNQ) à la reconnaissance identitaire des personnes et des collectivités touchées par leurs activités. En mobilisant la théorie de la reconnaissance et de la liberté sociale d’Axel Honneth (2000, 2014) et l’approche du triple mouvement coopératif (Draperi, 2007), l’analyse de l’expérience des coopératives du Nunavik révèle des attentes et des effets de reconnaissance associés à la reconnaissance affective, juridique et de la contribution à la société. Ces effets agissent sur différents types de capitaux, par le biais de moyens mis en place par les coopératives. Certaines conditions internes spécifiques aux coopératives influencent également la reconnaissance identitaire des Inuit. Cette thèse contribue à une meilleure compréhension des coopératives en matière de reconnaissance identitaire et culturelle. Elle rend compte de l’imbrication des besoins et aspirations des membres et offre des précisions de définitions quant à ces deux termes centraux aux théories coopératives. De l’expérience des coopératives du Nunavik, on peut dégager le constat que la prise en compte profonde et concomitante des trois mouvements coopératifs (mouvement de pensée, mouvement social et mouvement d’entreprise) produit une reconnaissance identitaire des personnes et des collectivités. Les coopératives constituent un moyen et un lieu de reconnaissance affective (par la réponse aux besoins de base et la mise en place d’un lieu de rencontre), de reconnaissance juridique (par le biais des principes démocratiques, de responsabilisation et des valeurs d’égalité et d’équité) et de reconnaissance des particularités et compétences (par la participation de chacun à la réalisation d’une mission commune et leurs activités d’éducation et de formation). Ultimement, elles permettent aux individus et aux collectivités d’exercer leur liberté sociale et d’assurer le respect de leur dignité. / Cooperatives operate in a multitude of regions and cultures. More than a secondary element, the cultural and identity aspect of cooperative development is at the heart of its development issues and its very definition. Indeed, historically, the establishment and development of cooperatives have been associated with important identity realities, as illustrated by the Acadian, Basque, Quebecois and Inuit cooperative experiences. This thesis studies the experience of the 14 Nunavik cooperatives and their federation. Multiservice consumer cooperatives, whose members are almost all Inuit, they are the initiative of various actors (state, religious, store managers). The first cooperatives were established in the late 1950s and were quickly managed by the Inuit themselves. Coming to break the monopoly of the Hudson's Bay Company, the establishment of cooperatives in Nunavik also corresponds to a fundamental change in the economy and politics of the territory and the communities that live there. Through some sixty semi-structured interviews and several on-site visits, this suggestive case study allows us to understand the contribution of the member cooperatives of the Fédération des coopératives du Nouveau-Québec (FCNQ) to the recognition of the persons’ and communities’ identities affected by their activities. By mobilizing Axel Honneth's theory of recognition and social freedom (2000. 2014) and the triple cooperative movement approach (Draperi, 2007), the analysis of the experience of Nunavik cooperatives reveals recognition expectations and effects associated with emotional recognition, legal recognition and the recognition of the contribution to society. These effects act on different types of capital, through means set up by cooperatives. Certain internal conditions specific to cooperatives also influence identity recognition of Inuit. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of cooperatives in terms of identity and cultural recognition. It accounts for the interweaving of the needs and aspirations of members and provides clarification of the definitions of these two central terms of cooperative theories. From the experience of the Nunavik cooperatives, we can see that the profound and concomitant consideration of the three cooperative movements (thought movement, social movement and business movement) produces recognition of the identity of individuals and communities. Cooperatives are a mean and a place of emotional recognition (by responding to basic needs and setting up a meeting place), of legal recognition (by means of democratic principles, mutual responsability and values of equality and equity) and of recognition of particularities and skills (through everyone’s participation in the achievement of a common mission and their education and training activities). Ultimately, they enable individuals and communities to exercise their social freedom and ensure respect of their dignity.

Introduction Autistic individuals often have difficulties with recognizing what another person is saying in noisy conditions such as in a crowded classroom or a restaurant. The underlying neural mechanisms of this speech perception difficulty are unclear. In typically developed individuals, three cerebral cortex regions are particularly related to speech-in-noise perception: the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the right insula, and the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Here, we tested whether responses in these cerebral cortex regions are altered in speech-in-noise perception in autism. Methods Seventeen autistic adults and 17 typically developed controls (matched pairwise on age, sex, and IQ) performed an auditory-only speech recognition task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Speech was presented either with noise (noise condition) or without noise (no noise condition, i.e., clear speech). Results In the left IFG, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) responses were higher in the control compared to the autism group for recognizing speech-in-noise compared to clear speech. For this contrast, both groups had similar response magnitudes in the right insula and left IPL. Additionally, we replicated previous findings that BOLD responses in speech-related and auditory brain regions (including bilateral superior temporal sulcus and Heschl's gyrus) for clear speech were similar in both groups and that voice identity recognition was impaired for clear and noisy speech in autism. Discussion Our findings show that in autism, the processing of speech is particularly reduced under noisy conditions in the left IFG—a dysfunction that might be important in explaining restricted speech comprehension in noisy environments.