This thesis comprises two pieces of work – a novel and an accompanying research paper. The novel, Savage Things, is a story of a girl, removed from the home of her vulnerable mother to live with her grandparents for a summer. There, she falls in with various secondary characters: a gang of boys, the college-aged girl who lives upstairs, a housebound neighbour, and her wider family. As these relationships form, the girl feels increasingly conflicted about her own identity and her place in the world. However, the girl’s mother is not finished with her and reappears as the girl begins to find her feet in this new environment, taking her on a final trip that forces them to reconsider their relationship with each other and the world around them. The research paper, ‘She’s Leaving Home’, is an examination of three coming-of-age texts – Marilynne Robinson’s Housekeeping, Alan Warner’s Morvern Callar, and Eugene McCabe’s Death and Nightingales. The paper analyses all three novels via their relationship to the Bildungsroman as a form and questions the role that space plays in each. My discussion defines space in several ways – as a physical, psychological, and social concept. I argue that space is an essential component to the Bildungsroman in that it provides the context necessary for a protagonist to define herself against and within. It considers the prominent role that land plays and how it corresponds to each text’s political context – from the Depression-era transients of Housekeeping to the bitter land disputes of Death and Nightingales – while also arguing that each context assists in its protagonist’s coming-of-age.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection between people and the hill of Bennachie in the Garioch region of North-East Scotland. The scholarly aim is to complete an inter-disciplinary study in Folkloristics and Anthropology and to enhance ethnological method with landscape theory. The methodology for the fieldwork involved a mix of qualitative research carried out through participant observation and oral history interviews. Whilst the focus of the interviews was on a core group of community volunteers, fieldwork ranged from solitary walking to group participation. Midway through the fieldwork an archival survey was commissioned and this information was used to complement the fieldwork and introduce a collaborative perspective. With a dual methodological focus the thesis approached community relationships with landscape through diverse routes: personal narrative; poetry; the dynamics of community woodland groups, and the interpretation and management of a twentieth century farm ruin. These appear to be very different scales of analysis, yet each topic was heavily influenced by the legacy of land change and clearance in Scotland during the Agricultural Improvements. Each element is related to landscape physically, particularly through walking, and are individual and group performances that generate and reproduce moral values. The principal conclusion is that relationships between people and land in North-East Scotland have been misrepresented through a historic and scholarly legacy of dispossession. Coupled with this misrepresentation is the continuing belief in the North-East that farm lifestyles and dialect is dead or dying. This thesis underlines an alignment between Improvement and antifeudalistic discourse with walking and looking in Scotland. It demonstrates the continuing primacy of landscape and language through looking at, walking on and writing about Bennachie. Landscape attachment is exemplified in these performances and demonstrates a strong co-constitutive relationship between the ‘Lan and the Fowk'.

Faculty of Social science School of Geography 0214462v wafera@hse.pg.wits.ac.za / This research report is an examination of urban identity in post-apartheid Soweto, using the SECC as a case study. The report examines the emergence of the Soweto Electricity Crisis Committee (SECC), one of a number of post-apartheid social movements in urban areas around South Africa. The SECC have emerged in response to the policy of cost-recovery and cut-offs in the provision of services to poor communities in Johannesburg, and have also managed to tap into a broader discourse of anti-privatisation. While the SECC maintain a political agenda, and are affiliated to a number of overtly political organisations such as the Anti-Privatisation Forum (APF), I argue in this report that the SECC affirm a particular set of post-apartheid identities. This set of identities is constituted within a very particular relationship to place; the SECC emerged and lives in Soweto. Through the everyday activities in the branches of the SECC members of the SECC actively construct themselves and the places in which they live. The report draws on a literature that has considered the emergence of social movements in Latin American and post-colonial cities since the 1980s. This literature argues that social movements contest not only the material conditions but also the cultural and symbolic order of space and the city. The report then considers how the SECC is constituted across different scales. These different scales of movement activity represent a potential tension within the organisation between the leadership and the branches of the SECC. It is in the branches that the SECC exists from day to day, and it is in the branches that a strong sense of place is constructed through the everyday activities of the SECC branch. The report concludes that the everyday practices of the SECC at the scale of the local branches are part of a broader process of remaking place and identity in postapartheid Soweto.

This thesis documents and examines the history of Cornish male voice choirs from their origins in the late nineteenth century through to the present day. The evolution of the choirs has hitherto been charted largely through scattered oral testimonies, whereas this work traces the rise, decline and resurgence of the male choral tradition by drawing from a range of primary sources, including newspapers and repertoire in addition to oral history. The thesis is organised chronologically and the main chapters chart the development of Cornish male voice choirs from the Methodist point of origin, to the subsequent expansion of the male choral movement between the wars and thereafter its seeming atrophy. The opening two chapters focus on the background and emergence of the choirs from c.1820 to 1918. The interwar period is covered in three diverse but linked chapters, assessing the socio-economic context, musicological influences and the importance of geographic locality or ‘place’. The impact of the Second World War on the choirs is examined in Chapter Six. The following chapter traces how the choirs remained vibrant in the face of encroaching secularisation during the 1950s and 1960s, and the final chapter assesses the detrimental effects for the choirs of changed musical behaviours and generational issues in the late twentieth century choir. Four key themes which run throughout the chapters are the influence of Methodism, its teachings and choral hymnody; the significance of repertoire and musical directorship; the importance of the male demographic within the local economy; and secularisation and mass popular culture. The connecting thread of the argument for the thesis as a whole is that male voice choirs both reflect and help shape Cornish identity. As will be seen, identity is a fluid, multi-layered concept, but analysis of the changing role and influence of male voice choirs contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between music, place and culture.

I propose a school as a sequence of volumes that go along the street while joined with a common communication place

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The term socken – comparable to the English term parish – refers to a historical geographical entity found in rural areas of Scandinavia. This entity presents a multi-layered understanding of the local rural area and is in this essay conceptualized as a place. The concept of place is central to geographic work but it is also a contested term – discourses within the field of geography present different perspectives on place as a geographical concept and our understanding of it. The history of parishes goes centuries back. The parish has throughout this period of time become an essential part of the local rural geography, in the 20th century however, the parish – as an autonomous rural entity – has been abandoned for larger administrative areas resulting in changes in the local geography in rural spaces. The concept of the parish is however not easily made rid of: it is still viewed as a relevant part of the conceptualization of the local and the man-land relationship. The understanding of what makes out the local area and its significance is a relevant inquiry. This essay explores the parish as a geographical place considering the multi-layered aspects of the concept and the different understandings of place represented by diverse geographical discourses. A field study carried out in the rural municipality of Ydre in east Sweden explores the construction of the local area by understanding the parish as place.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jéssica Soares de Freitas - 2017.pdf: 3141425 bytes, checksum: 2f278f570773f8041026dfe8649a48d3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Taking into consideration the dynamics of our actual urbane society, we can infer that one of its main traces is the acceleration of communication and information speeds. However, this was revealed in a processual and different way at various parts of Earth. The dissertation had as research subject the comprehension about the insertion of radio, one of the main technologies of massive communication and information, at a rural community that differs historically and spacially of the lived actual dynamics. The locus is the rural community of Patos Temeroso, localized at Gurinhatã’s municipality at Minas Gerais. This community is placed amongst the mountains of Pontal, which difficults the access to inhabitants and visitants. In this way, the community, mainly because of being located at the rural space, has distinct dynamics than those lived by the urban high tech society. In order to the study be concretized, first, data research was made in institutional sites IBGE CIDADES and Prefeitura Municipal de Gurinhatã. Empirical research was unfollowed by six fieldworks (2015 and 2016) for the acquirement of primary data. The main proceeding was dialogues realized with the subjects that inhabit Temeroso’s community and those that went out of the place for diverse motives; the interview were without direction and with subjects which a snowball methodology. The recordings of the dialogues generated the transcriptions of around 30 hours of audio. Concomitantly with the empirical research, the theoretical foundation incurred by the means of reading and interpretation of books, scientific journals, dissertations and thesis available at physical libraries, Portal Periódicos Capes, SciHub and Google Scholar. The theoretical and empirical research occurred simultaneously, each feeding each other. It is comprehended that the insertion of radio at the community, as also of other technologies, influenced and intensified the sociocultural changes at the community. Otherwise, the subjects conform strategies that, at reality, allowed them to stay reproducing their logics, even though it was deeply altered. So, the subjects, even if they are in other place, if they don’t identify with it, will reaffirm that are from other place, in this case the Temeroso’s community. In order to do so, they create and unfollow elements that strengthen the power of memory, such as the anchor of place, and they transport them to the places they feel belonging. In this sense, the radio, as much as other communicational technologies, especially the internet, helps the continuity of those identitary strategies. / A considerar a dinâmica de nossa sociedade urbana atual, podemos inferir que um de seus principais traços é a rapidez na transmissão da comunicação e da informação. No entanto, isso se revelou de modo processual e diferente em várias partes da Terra. A dissertação teve como pesquisa compreender como se deu a inserção do rádio, uma das principais tecnologias da comunicação e informação em massa, em uma comunidade rural que se difere historicamente e espacialmente nas dinâmicas atuais vividas. O lócus é a Comunidade rural Patos Temeroso, localizada no município de Gurinhatã em Minas Gerais. Tal comunidade se loca em meio às serras do Pontal, a dificultar o acesso aos moradores e visitantes. Dessa forma, a comunidade, principalmente por se localizar no espaço rural, possui dinâmicas distintas daquelas vivenciadas na sociedade urbana high tech. Para que o estudo fosse concretizado, primeiramente, foram realizados levantamento de dados secundários em sites institucionais como IBGE CIDADES e a Prefeitura municipal de Gurinhatã. A pesquisa empírica, foi desdobrada em 6 trabalhos de campo (2015 e 2016) para apuramento de dados primários. O procedimento principal consistiu em diálogos realizados com os sujeitos que moram na comunidade Temeroso e aqueles que saíram do lugar por motivos diversos; a entrevista era sem direcionamento e com sujeitos escolhidos por meio da metodologia de bola de neve. As gravações dos diálogos geraram as transcrições de cerca de 30 horas de áudio. Concomitantemente com a pesquisa empírica, a fundamentação teórica ocorreu por meio da leitura e interpretação de livros, artigos científicos, dissertações e teses disponibilizados em bibliotecas físicas e virtuais com acesso aos sites de bibliotecas universitárias, Portal Periódicos Capes, SciHub e Google acadêmico. A pesquisa teórica e a pesquisa empírica ocorreram de forma simultânea, a alimentarem as informações de ambas. Compreende-se que não só a inserção do rádio na comunidade, como também de várias outras tecnologias, influenciaram e intensificaram as mudanças socioculturais na comunidade. No entanto, os sujeitos realizaram estratégias para que na realidade permanecessem a reproduzir suas lógicas socioculturais, ainda que esta tivesse sido profundamente modificada. Assim, os sujeitos mesmo que estejam em outro lugar, ao não se identificarem com ele, reafirmam que são de outro lugar, no caso, a comunidade Temeroso. Para tal eles criam e revelam elementos que corroboram na permanecia da memória, como a âncora de lugar, e os transportam para os lugares a que se sentem pertencentes. Nesse sentido, tanto o rádio, quanto outras tecnologias comunicacionais, especialmente a internet, contribuem para que tais estratégias identitárias continuem a existir.

La présente thèse se propose d'évaluer le rôle de l'identité urbaine dans les évolutions des approches de la rénovation urbaine en Iran et à Téhéran contemporain. La Partie I examine les fondements théoriques dont l'identité et l'identité du lieu, ainsi que leur rôle dans l'histoire de la civilisation iranienne. Le chapitre 1 présente une analyse des pensées des philosophes irano-musulmans pour déterminer un cadre pour le concept de l'identité. Le chapitre 3 se servira de ce cadre conceptuel pour obtenir les critères d'évaluation de l'identité de la ville. La Partie II est consacrée aux expériences de la rénovation urbaine dans le monde et présentera une image générale de l'évolution historique des tendances identitaires. La Partie III examine les politiques identitaires, les programmes, la législation et les plans de rénovations urbaines pendant l'histoire contemporaine de l'Iran. Le but est de présenter les courants d'idées identitaires dans le domaine de la rénovation urbaine. La Partie IV se concentre sur l'étude de trois grands projets de rénovation à Téhéran, pour évaluer les évolutions des approches de rénovation, du point de vue de l'attention portée à la question de l'identité. La thèse présentée est la suivante : l'identité urbaine a toujours été l'un des défis principaux des projets de rénovation urbaine en Iran et à Téhéran, et a joué un rôle déterminant dans les changements des approches. Pour accéder à une identité urbaine convenable à Téhéran, de nombreuses approches ont été expérimentées ; du recours aux méthodes modernistes se focalisant sur les aspects physiques, à l'approche de la théorie du paysage, se fondant sur la construction du lieu. / This thesis evaluates the role of identity in changing urban renovation approaches in contemporary Iran and Tehran. The first part as theoretical bases deals with the concepts of identity, place identity and its importance in the civilization history of Iran. In the first chapter, the framework of the concept of identity in the culture of Iran is developed by the content analysis of the main Iranian-­Islamic philosophers' view. In the third chapter, the criteria of evaluating place identity and its functions are investigated by using this framework and analyzing theoreticians' views. In the second part, the experiences of urban renovation in the world are studied and dominant approaches are introduced. In the third part, while identifying identity policies, development programs, regulations and urban plans are evaluated in three main periods of the contemporary history of Iran. The result of this part is identifying currents claiming identity in the urban renovation of Iran comparing the change of their tendencies towards its universal evolution. In the fourth part, renovation approaches in Tehran and the change of their tendencies towards urban identity are evaluated by focusing on three case studies of the main renovation projects in Tehran. Finally, the conclusion was drawn that urban identity has been suggested as one of the main challenges of urban renovation in Iran and Tehran and has had a determining rote in changing renovation approaches. Various approaches are examined to achieve the desirable urban identity in Tehran that their evolution is started from frame-oriented modernistic methods and is ended in landscape approach based on place making.