国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

< Freedom of speech > is a foundational ideograph in the American and more broadly, Western, tradition. Yet this term is not static in its meanings or commitments to social action. The current debate around cancel culture is the site of renegotiation of < freedom of speech > in relation to other terms such as < open debate >, < justice >, < marginalized >, < tolerance >, < democracy >, and < power >. This study is an ideographic analysis of two artifacts that represent two sides of the < freedom of speech > discussion: “A Letter on Justice and Open Debate” and “A More Specific Letter on Justice and Open Debate.” Following McGee’s theory and method, this research examines the diachronic definition of < freedom of speech > through the U. S. Supreme Court and the liberty model and the synchronic tensions surrounding < freedom of speech > represented in these two editorials. The analysis identifies < justice > as an inadequate and detrimental synecdoche in the renegotiation and suggests that there is no appropriate synecdoche because < freedom of speech > is prerequisite to all public debate. This renegotiation is happening now because of disparities between the ideal of < freedom of speech > and its material reality in society. Further, because < freedom of speech > has not been sufficiently defined and its alternatives explained and rebutted, it is being devalued in current society. Finally, the prevalence of the internet as a public square raises questions about protected speech as have all new media in the past. The study shows that one vision must eventually dominate because they are fundamentally irreconcilable within a single political union. The analysis concludes with an outline of the two moral visions presented in each letter and the consequences of adopting each.

Ideology is a powerful means of persuasion in contemporary audience appeals. Through the means of ideographic and fragmentary analyses provided by Michael Calvin McGee (1980, 1990) and Saindon (2008), I examine the rhetorical appeals made by the Liberty Counsel, an evangelical Christian organization, which provides legal counsel for cases regarding “religious liberty.” Through an ideographic and fragmentary analysis, I conclude that the Counsel utilizes the ideograph as a superseding means of denoting its ideology. Further, I argue that is the ideograph that represents the ontological nature of the organization’s philosophy and serves as the guiding principle for many of the other ideographs that the organization employs. Further, the ideograph displays relative influence for the Liberty Counsel with and from other organizations, as illustrated when is compared to competing ideologies, such as that from the Southern Poverty Law Center. The importance of the ideograph is incumbent upon its utility in understanding a “snapshot” of the rhetorical situation. Rather than attempting to draft ideological archetypes, as the initial ideographic form attempted, this new ideographic form accepts the relativistic cultural influences and accounts for them synchronically.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo da Silva.pdf: 1059291 bytes, checksum: b2af93ed50a912f586fe68d8f0e247a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study sought to establish relations between the emoticons used in chat text and figures determinative of cuneiform and hieroglyphic, through the linguistic historiography, which (re) constructs the linguistic knowledge, identifying their context and their influence in producing the document, in a particular historical time and geographical space. When we make a historical overview of writing, we rescued the main features of ideographic writing of the Sumerians and Egyptians with their signals determinative that served to help readers understand the meanings of texts and also to avoid possible ambiguities. Historically, the writing of Semitic, Greek and Roman, was instrumental in shaping our current alphabet. At the end of the twentieth century and beginning of the XXI came the Internet as a communication vehicle that offers new ways of relating to chat in an open space for interaction in digital media. Thus, this research found that there are both similarities and differences between the emoticons used in chat rooms and signals determinative of the Sumerians and Egyptians. As for similarities, both have ideographic value, or transmit ideas and words with accompanying phonetic value. While the determinative signs were intended to help the reader in understanding the words, emoticons have the role to complement the written message / O presente trabalho procurou estabelecer relações entre os emoticons utilizados no chat de texto e as figuras determinativas da escrita cuneiforme e hieroglífica, por intermédio da Historiografia Linguística, que (re) constrói o saber linguístico, identificando seu contexto e suas influências na produção do documento, em um determinado tempo histórico e espaço geográfico. Ao elaborarmos um panorama histórico da escrita, resgatamos as principais características da escrita ideográfica dos sumérios e egípcios com seus sinais determinativos que serviam para ajudar os leitores a entender os significados dos textos e também para evitar possíveis ambiguidades. Historicamente, a escrita dos semíticos, gregos e romanos, foi fundamental na formação do nosso atual alfabeto. E no final do século XX e início do XXI surgiu a Internet como veículo de comunicação que oferece novas formas de relacionamento como o chat, em um espaço aberto à interação na mídia digital. Deste modo, a presente pesquisa constatou que há tanto semelhanças como diferenças entre os emoticons utilizados nos chats e os sinais determinativos dos sumérios e egípcios. Quanto às semelhanças, ambos possuem valor ideográfico, ou seja, transmitem ideias e acompanham palavras com valor fonético. Enquanto os sinais determinativos tinham a finalidade de ajudar o leitor no entendimento das palavras, os emoticons possuem o papel de complementar a mensagem escrita

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The thesis is focused on linguistics, graphic and ideographic means associated with the process of tabloidization of current newspapers. The basic method for acquiring linguistic data was the analysis of headlines and articles of the tabloid Aha! and the reputable Právo daily. The pivotal part of the work lies in a description and assessment of linguistics and visual means in both journals. The aim is to identify the different (or. common) procedures when working with these funds in tabloid and reputable newspapers. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part explains the differences between tabloid and reputable text. I also briefly summarizes history of the tabloid press. The last chapter describes characteristics of selected journals. The practical part deals with analysis of reporters´ and journalistic texts. Great attention is paid to the lexical resources such as evaluating adjectives, expressive words, neologisms, colloquial language means, metaphors, idioms, allusions and puns. The final section highlights the tabloidization of Právo daily, which is reflected in the structure of the newspaper, the choice of topics and their treatment.

The thesis presents semantic and pragmatic characteristics that must be taken into account in vocabulary recording of the status vocatives. An ideographic dictionary entry should reflect the word vocative function as communicative-pragmatic props. Word ideographic implementation is a contributing factor that influences the realization of the vocative function. The use of the ideographic dictionaries’ data helps to implement those word classes the lexicalized syntactic function of vocativity. Appeal to corpus data allows to follow the dynamics in use of vocative forms, and also to elicit special grammar aspects of lexical items that are being used as vocatives. It is important to include illustrative examples of vocative function realization into the dictionary entries for the learners of Russian as a foreign language. This thesis deals with the characteristic of macro- and microstructures of the description of status vocatives in a dictionary and with the bases of the ideographic approach to the vocatives. The ways of semantisation of vocatives in a dictionary are presented in an example of a dictionary entry. / В диссертации рассматриваются семантические и прагматические характеристики, которые необходимо учитывать при словарной фиксации статусных обращений. Способность слова употребляться в функции обращения рассматривается как коммуникативно-прагматическое свойство, которое должно получать отражение в словарной статье идеографического словаря. Принадлежность слова к определенной идеографической группе является одним из факторов, влияющих на реализацию словом вокативной функции. Использование данных идеографических словарей способствует выявлению тех классов слов, для которых синтаксическая функция обращения является лексикализованной. Обращение к данным корпуса позволяет отследить динамику в употреблении вокативных форм, а также установить некоторые грамматические особенности лексических единиц, используемых в качестве обращений. Включение в иллюстративный материал толкового словаря примеров реализации вокативной функции важно для изучающих русский язык как иностранный и неродной. В работе охарактеризована макро- и микроструктура словарного описания статусных обращений, обосновывается идеографический подход к обращениям, обсуждаются способы семантизации обращений в словаре и предлагается модель словарной статьи.

Dans cette thèse, nous abordons la question de l’identité sémantique respective des prépositions russes в (/v/) et на (/na/) en établissant pour chacune d’elles un schéma relationnel de base, en construisant leur configuration idéographique, en regroupant leurs relations sémantiques dans le but d’expliquer les emplois polysémiques de ces prépositions. Nous considérons la signification de la préposition comme un réseau complexe, où le sens abstrait de la préposition est précisé par un nombre d’éléments sémantiques (traits idéographiques et relationnels) qui font partie du contexte dans lequel se fixent les différents champs d’application de la préposition. Les systèmes prépositionnels du russe et du français ne sont pas identiques car les champs sémantico-relationnels des prépositions dans les deux langues sont différents : le caractère de la relation (l’activation des traits idéographiques) et le nombre d’entités mises en rapport, régies par telle ou telle préposition, diffèrent d’une langue à l’autre. / The thesis tackles the question of the semantic identity of the Russian prepositions « в » and « нa » establishing for each of them a relational basic scheme, by building their ideographic configuration, by grouping together their semantic relations in order to explain the polysemous use of them. It is argued that the meaning of the preposition is a complex system, where the abstract meaning of the preposition is specified by a number of semantic elements (ideographic and relational features) which are part of the context in which settle the various fields of application of the preposition. The Russian and French prepositional systems diverge because the semantico-relational fields of the prepositions are different in both languages : the character of the relation (activation of the ideographic features) and the number of entities in contact, governed by such or such preposition, differ from one language to another.

In the master thesis regularities of lexicographic representation of the Russian verbs of cooking in the sensible and ideographic dictionary are revealed: verbs of difficult action as a part of cooking verbs are considered, the logiko-semantic relations between situations in polypro-positive verbs of cooking in Russian are generalized. Features of semantics of verbs of cooking in Chinese which correspond to the Russian verbs are investigated to prepare, cook, cook, fry, to make, zasakharivat, extinguish, soar, and also the Chinese verbs corresponding to the Russian verbs of preparation something for the future. The analysis algorithm and descriptions of verbs of cooking in Chinese is defined. / В магистерской диссертации выявлены закономерности лексикографического представления русских глаголов приготовления пищи в толково-идеографическом словаре: рассмотрены глаголы сложного действия в составе глаголов приготовления пищи, обобщены логико-семантические отношения между ситуациями в полипропозитивных глаголах приготовления пищи в русском языке. Исследованы особенности семантики глаголов приготовления пищи в китайском языке, которые соотносятся с русскими глаголами готовить, стряпать, варить, жарить, заваривать, засахаривать, тушить, парить, а также китайских глаголов, соотносящихся с русскими глаголами приготовления чего-либо впрок. Определен алгоритм анализа и описания глаголов приготовления пищи в китайском языке.

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