The primary aim of this study has been to examine and describe self-reported fatigue among the oldest old in Sweden and to look at changes both over a ten year period, between and within different social groups. Additional aims were to examine if fatigue is related to mortality. Fatigue is defined as an outcome in self-rated ill-health which includes several dimensions of fatigue – physical, psychological and/or medical. Data were constructed out of two levels of living study – SWEOLD – comprising aged 77 and above. Two dependent variables are being uses as outcomes – fatigue and tiredness. Background variables being used – defined as different social groups – are (interview year), age, gender, social class, civil status and type of housing. Cross tabulation, gamma, multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression were used in the analysis. The result shows that fatigue is a commonly experienced phenomenon, especially among those who are institutionalize. Differences were also found among age, social class and civil status. Fatigue has increased between 1992 and 2002 but no changes over time could be identified for a particular social group. The results also showed that fatigue is related to mortality. Conclusion drawn from the results is that the increasing among the elderly persons in reporting fatigue and/or tiredness over time has fall upon all examined social groups in the Swedish society and still, fatigue as a phenomenon is poorly understood.

För att få personalen på en arbetsplats att trivas och må bra bör en mängd faktorer tas i beaktande. Faktorer som beskrivs som viktiga är rolltydlighet och rollkonflikter, balans mellan krav och kontroll, upplevelsen av socialt stöd och balans mellan ansträngning och belöning. Då syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka psykosociala arbetsmiljöfaktorer som har ett samband med hälsan hos personal inom vård och omsorg användes en enkät som mätte alla ovanstående områden. Denna enkät kompletterades med frågor gällande kontakten med vårdtagarna. Enkätundersökningen (n = 80) följdes även upp av kvalitativa intervjuer (n = 4). Resultatet visade att de faktorer som starkast korrelerade med hälsa var hög upplevd kontroll, bra socialt stöd och bra kontakt med vårdtagarna.

Den salutogena modellen beskriver hälsa som ett kontinuum mellan ytterligheterna total ohälsa och total hälsa. En persons placering på kontinuumet kan förklaras av dennes ”känsla av sammanhang” (KASAM) - en skyddande resurs som hjälper individen att hantera livets stressorer. Mental ohälsa ökar bland unga vuxna i dagens samhälle och studenter är en utsatt grupp. Forskning visar att höga grader av KASAM bidrar till god självupplevd hälsa. I studien undersöktes, utifrån tre frågeställningar med tillhörande hypoteser, relationen mellan KASAM och mental ohälsa hos 273 högskolestudenter, varav 62 män. Deltagarna besvarade en enkät bestående av KASAM-formuläret och General Health Questionnaire. Data undersöktes med korrelations-, varians- och regressionsanalys.  Resultatet påvisade ett negativt samband mellan KASAM och upplevd mental ohälsa. Slutsatsen gav att KASAM tycks fungera skyddande mot mental ohälsa hos urvalets deltagare varpå diskussionen bland annat berör hur skolans miljö kan tänkas främja studenternas KASAM. Framtida forskning av organisationsstrukturers inverkan på KASAM föreslås.

Occupational stress is considered to be a rising concern in many organisations in South Africa; it is, moreover, a pervasive problem in our communities in general. The consequences of high-stress environments are typically a, reduction in the quality and quantity of job performance, high levels of absenteeism, an increase in turnover, an increased number of grievances and increased frequency of accidents. Correctional Services has been reported to be the most challenging and frustrating component of the criminal justice system. Factors such as having a high level of responsibility, genuine threats to personal safety, rotating shifts, meager salaries and unpleasant surroundings, all add to the stress of Correctional Service Officials. The results of uncontrolled stress are costly to both the individual and the organisation. It is thus important for both the organisation and employees to learn or acquire ways of coping with stress. The empirical objective of this study was to investigate relationships between occupational stress and i l l health among employees of Correctional Services in the Vereeniging Management Area, in order to contribute towards an understanding of the interaction between these variables, and the implication thereof for the management of occupational stress and i l l health in the specific setting. A cross-sectional design was used to collect data and to attain the research objectives. The study population included the entire population consisting of (n= 197) employees of Correctional Services in the Vereeniging Management area. Management and production levels were fully represented. The Correctional Official Stress Inventory, General Health Questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were used as measuring instruments. The reliability and validity of all questionnaires were found to be acceptable. The findings revealed that increased levels of occupational stress lead to increased levels of exhaustion and this may in turn lead to increased experience of somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression. Higher levels of exhaustion and cynicism were associated with higher levels of somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression. The findings again revealed that an increase in the frequency of stress might lead to an increase in the experience of exhaustion, somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression. It was also found that stress could have some predictive value with regard to burnout, work engagement and health. It is recommended that more awareness need to be created about the symptoms and effects of occupational stress and burnout on individuals as well as organisations. This study was conducted in a small correctional institution, as a result the study population was too small, which made it difficult to generalise beyond the study population. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2006.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1990.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1990.

No description available.

Higher educational institutions no longer provide the low-stress and highly satisfying working environment they once did. Higher educational institutions experience significant changes, which include restructuring, reduction of state subsidy and use of short-term contracts. Therefore, the changes in the higher educational environment can have costly implications for institutions in terms of staff morale, turnover and absenteeism rates and could also lead to reduced employee performance, poor quality control and a fall in production. It therefore becomes increasingly important for higher educational institutions to intervene to reduce the occupational stress of university staff. The objectives of this study were to determine the occupational stressors for support staff at a higher education institution in the North West Province, to investigate the relationship between occupational stress, ill health, organisational commitment and important organisational outcomes (including absenteeism, productivity and turnover intention) and to assess the financial implications of these factors in a sample of support staff at a higher education institution in the North West Province. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The study population consisted of support staff at a higher education institution in the North West Province (N = 292). An Organisational Screening Tool (ASSET) and a biographical questionnaire were administered. Descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlations, multiple regression analyses and discriminant analysis were used to analyse the results. The results showed that, compared to normative data, support staff overall demonstrated average levels of occupational stress. However, job control, resources, communication and work relationships were found to be problematic stressors which mainly influenced organisational commitment to the organisation. The prediction of losses suffered by the higher educational institution due to absenteeism, presenteeism and turnover intention indicate that occupational stress cost organisations greatly. Recommendations were made for the organisation and for future research. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Higher educational institutions no longer provide the low-stress and highly satisfying working environment they once did. Higher educational institutions experience significant changes, which include restructuring, reduction of state subsidy and use of short-term contracts. Therefore, the changes in the higher educational environment can have costly implications for institutions in terms of staff morale, turnover and absenteeism rates and could also lead to reduced employee performance, poor quality control and a fall in production. It therefore becomes increasingly important for higher educational institutions to intervene to reduce the occupational stress of university staff. The objectives of this study were to determine the occupational stressors for support staff at a higher education institution in the North West Province, to investigate the relationship between occupational stress, ill health, organisational commitment and important organisational outcomes (including absenteeism, productivity and turnover intention) and to assess the financial implications of these factors in a sample of support staff at a higher education institution in the North West Province. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The study population consisted of support staff at a higher education institution in the North West Province (N = 292). An Organisational Screening Tool (ASSET) and a biographical questionnaire were administered. Descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlations, multiple regression analyses and discriminant analysis were used to analyse the results. The results showed that, compared to normative data, support staff overall demonstrated average levels of occupational stress. However, job control, resources, communication and work relationships were found to be problematic stressors which mainly influenced organisational commitment to the organisation. The prediction of losses suffered by the higher educational institution due to absenteeism, presenteeism and turnover intention indicate that occupational stress cost organisations greatly. Recommendations were made for the organisation and for future research. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.