Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:44:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1189369 bytes, checksum: 1e594e3a7ca3d541b81c1fcb0d03db91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-03 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / The purpose of this study is to carry out a research on History and Literature in the novel The Illustrious House of Ramires (1900), by the Portuguese writer Eça de Queirós, aiming to show how his fiction builds up the representation of historical events, and discussing the discursive and narrative dimension, both in Literature and History. A theoretical-critical analysis is methodologically developed in the narrative The Illustrious House of Ramires, allowing the intersection of history and fiction: the historical novel "The Tower of D. Ramires", written by the character Gonçalo Mendes Ramires, an impoverished aristocrat, decadent, who had weak moral values. This analysis is developed from the theoretical studies that focus on the relationship between Literature and History, and the historical novel as a hybrid genre that makes these relationships possible. In this context, Georg Lukacs’ study, The Historical Novel, is the guiding point. The theories of dialogism, by Mikhail Bakhtin, and intertextuality, by Julia Kristeva, are also valuable for this study, because they allow the comprehension of essential elements in the construction of the Portuguese writer’s novel, once the writing of the historical novel "The Tower of D. Ramires", named "The Last Eça" by traditional critics, allows the dialogism with Walter Scott, Alexandre Herculano and the intertextuality with their respective novels in this genre. The historical novel "The Tower of D. Ramires", created by the character Gonçalo throughout the narrative, transforms History into a reason of representation and a theme of rewriting the portrayed period, the Middle Age at the time of D. Alfonso II. Eça de Queirós’ fictional text promotes a rereading of the Portuguese past and a questioning of the present, the declining end of the nineteenth century in Portugal. The emergence of History in the development of the narrative implies an attitude of interpretation of the Portuguese identity, especially in relation to values and attitudes that were consolidated in medieval times and that, at the end of the nineteenth century, were corrupted and disfigured. This research emphasizes the relevance of the book The Illustrious House of Ramires, in the production of the Portuguese writer, as a text that sets up a provocative intersection of Literature and History, as well as the artistic importance of the last phase of the Portuguese writer - called "The Last Eça" – period during which he – unlike the beliefs of the traditional criticism that argued that "The Last Eça" was a passive and accommodating bourgeois – continued to contribute to the critical examination of the Lusitanian society at the end of the nineteenth century, especially in relation to the questioning that the writer articulates, in the novel, about the decadent aristocracy of Portugal. / Esta dissertação investiga o entrecruzamento entre a Literatura e a História no romance A Ilustre Casa de Ramires (1900), do escritor português oitocentista Eça de Queirós, tendo como objetivo evidenciar a maneira como a ficção queirosiana realiza a representação dos acontecimentos históricos, discutindo sobre a dimensão discursiva e narrativa, tanto da Literatura, quanto da História. Metodologicamente, desenvolve-se uma análise teórico-crítica da forma que dentro da narrativa de A Ilustre Casa de Ramires permite o entrecruzamento entre o histórico e o ficcional: o romance histórico “Torre de D. Ramires”, escrito pela personagem- protagonista Gonçalo Mendes Ramires, um aristocrata empobrecido e com fracos valores morais, um exímio decadente. A análise é desenvolvida a partir das obras teóricas que focalizam as relações entre a Literatura e a História, e o romance histórico, enquanto gênero híbrido que permite essas relações, sendo que o estudo de Georg Lukács, intitulado The Historical Novel, é o ponto norteador. As teorias do dialogismo, de Mikhail Bakhtin, e da intertextualidade, de Júlia Kristeva, também foram de grande valia para elaboração deste estudo, visto que permitem perceber elementos essenciais na construção da obra queirosiana, em função da escrita do romance histórico “Torre de D. Ramires” proporcionar, ao denominado pela crítica tradicional de “Último Eça”, o dialogismo com Walter Scott, Alexandre Herculano e a intertextualidade com as suas respectivas realizações nesse gênero. O romance histórico “Torre de D. Ramires”, escrito ao longo da narrativa queirosiana pela personagem Gonçalo, faz da História motivo de representação e tema de reescrita do tempo retratado, a Idade Média da época de D. Afonso II. O texto ficcional de Eça de Queirós promove uma releitura do passado português para realizar um questionamento do presente, o declinante fim do século XIX em Portugal. A emergência da História na tessitura narrativa implica em uma atitude de interpretação da identidade portuguesa, principalmente no que concerne aos valores e atitudes que foram consolidados no tempo medieval e que no fim do Oitocentos estavam corrompidos e desfigurados. Esta investigação procurou destacar a relevância da obra A Ilustre Casa de Ramires dentro da produção queirosiana, como texto que configura um instigante entrecruzamento entre a Literatura e a História, assim como a importância da derradeira fase artística do escritor português – a denominada de “Último Eça” –, fase na qual o romancista português – diferentemente do que preconiza a crítica tradicional queirosiana, visto que para esta o “Último Eça” foi um burguês passivo e acomodado – continuou a contribuir para o exame crítico da sociedade lusitana do final do século XIX, principalmente em relação à problematização que o escritor articula na obra aqui enfocada acerca da aristocracia decadente de Portugal.

Rex Stout maintained his popular readership despite the often controversial and radical political content expressed in his detective fiction. His political ideals often made him many enemies. Stances such as his ardent opposition to censorship, racism, Nazism, Germany, Fascism, Communism, McCarthyism, and the unfettered FBI were potentially offensive to colleagues and readers from various political backgrounds. Yet Stout attempted to present radical messages via the content of his detective fiction with subtlety. As a literary traditionalist, he resisted using his fiction as a platform for an often extreme political agenda. Where political messages are apparent in his work, Stout employs various techniques to mute potentially offensive messages. First, his hugely successful bantering Archie Goodwin-Nero Wolfe detective duo—a combination of both the lippy American and the tidy, sanitary British detective schools—fosters exploration, contradiction, and conflict between political viewpoints. Archie often rejects or criticizes Wolfe's extreme political viewpoints. Second, Stout utilizes the contradictions between values that occur when the form of detective fiction counters his radical political messages. This suggests that the form of detective fiction (in this case the conventional patterns and attitudes reinforced by the genre) is as important as the content (in this case the muted political message or the lack of overt politics) in reinforcing or shaping political, economic, moral, and social viewpoints. An analysis of the novels The Black Mountain (1954) and The Doorbell Rang (1965) and the novellas "Not Quite Dead Enough" and "Booby Trap" (1944) from Stout's Nero Wolfe series demonstrates his use of detective fiction for both the expression of political viewpoints and the muting of those political messages.