<p>One image can have various functions for one individual (Nordin & Cumming, 2005).</p><p>Therefore this study took a qualitative approach to examine the following purposes: (1) To</p><p>examine ice hockey players’ understanding of imagery, (2) to examine ice hockey players</p><p>imagery experiences and (3) to examine ice hockey players’ strategies to improve their</p><p>imagery. Eleven elite ice hockey players (m = 23,09) participated in this study, they were</p><p>interviewed using the instrument IPIES (Weibull, 2008). The result showed that: (1) ten</p><p>players had a correct and limited understanding for the concept imagery, (2) ten players</p><p>experienced imagery and (3) all players in some way wanted improve their imagery. The</p><p>players experienced voluntary, spontaneous and involuntary imagery. Involuntary had a</p><p>negative effect that support previous findings by Weibull (2005), further this study</p><p>support Cumming and Hall (2002) that some athletes experience spontaneous imagery.</p><p>The results were discussed in relation to previous imagery research.</p>

<p>The development of imagery has been found in intervention studies. No previous study was found with the purpose of the development of imagery experiences without the influence of an intervention. Therefore the present paper monitored five ice hockey players’ imagery experiences during a season and examined the following objectives: a) The dynamicity and stability of the ice hockey players’ imagery patterns; b) The factors influencing the development of ice hockey players’ imagery experiences; c) Individual differences concerning the imagery experiences. A combination between qualitative and quantitative methods was used in the study. The results showed that the players experienced both stable and dynamic imagery patterns. Based on the Action theory (Nitsch, 1985), personal, environmental and performance/task factors were shown to influence the stability and dynamicity of the players’ idiosyncratic imagery experiences. The results of this study show why imagery experiences are changed and offer great implications to applied work.</p> / <p>Forskning har visat att visualisering kan vara dynamisk över tid. Ingen studie har dock funnits som studerat dynamiken av visualisering utan påverkan av en intervention. Denna studie undersökte därfor fem ishockeyspelares visualiseringsupplevelser under en säsong utan påverkan av en intervention med följande syften: a) dynamiken och stabiliteten hos ishockeyspelarnas visualiseringsmönster; b) vilka faktorer som påverkar utvecklingen av visualiseringsupplevelserna; c) individuella skillnader i visualiseringsupplevelserna. En kombination av kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod behandlades i studien. Resultatet visade att visualiseringsmönstern upplevdes vara stabila och dynamiska över tid. Utifrån Action Theory (Nitsch, 1985) visade studien att personliga, miljö- och prestations/uppgiftsfaktorer påverkade stabiliteten i spelarnas visualiseringsupplevelser. Resultatet från denna studie visar varför visualiseringsupplevelserna förandrades över tid och är en fördelaktig kunskap för idrottspsykologer att tillämpa i det pratiska arbetet med visualisering.</p>

The development of imagery has been found in intervention studies. No previous study was found with the purpose of the development of imagery experiences without the influence of an intervention. Therefore the present paper monitored five ice hockey players’ imagery experiences during a season and examined the following objectives: a) The dynamicity and stability of the ice hockey players’ imagery patterns; b) The factors influencing the development of ice hockey players’ imagery experiences; c) Individual differences concerning the imagery experiences. A combination between qualitative and quantitative methods was used in the study. The results showed that the players experienced both stable and dynamic imagery patterns. Based on the Action theory (Nitsch, 1985), personal, environmental and performance/task factors were shown to influence the stability and dynamicity of the players’ idiosyncratic imagery experiences. The results of this study show why imagery experiences are changed and offer great implications to applied work. / Forskning har visat att visualisering kan vara dynamisk över tid. Ingen studie har dock funnits som studerat dynamiken av visualisering utan påverkan av en intervention. Denna studie undersökte därfor fem ishockeyspelares visualiseringsupplevelser under en säsong utan påverkan av en intervention med följande syften: a) dynamiken och stabiliteten hos ishockeyspelarnas visualiseringsmönster; b) vilka faktorer som påverkar utvecklingen av visualiseringsupplevelserna; c) individuella skillnader i visualiseringsupplevelserna. En kombination av kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod behandlades i studien. Resultatet visade att visualiseringsmönstern upplevdes vara stabila och dynamiska över tid. Utifrån Action Theory (Nitsch, 1985) visade studien att personliga, miljö- och prestations/uppgiftsfaktorer påverkade stabiliteten i spelarnas visualiseringsupplevelser. Resultatet från denna studie visar varför visualiseringsupplevelserna förandrades över tid och är en fördelaktig kunskap för idrottspsykologer att tillämpa i det pratiska arbetet med visualisering.

One image can have various functions for one individual (Nordin & Cumming, 2005). Therefore this study took a qualitative approach to examine the following purposes: (1) To examine ice hockey players’ understanding of imagery, (2) to examine ice hockey players imagery experiences and (3) to examine ice hockey players’ strategies to improve their imagery. Eleven elite ice hockey players (m = 23,09) participated in this study, they were interviewed using the instrument IPIES (Weibull, 2008). The result showed that: (1) ten players had a correct and limited understanding for the concept imagery, (2) ten players experienced imagery and (3) all players in some way wanted improve their imagery. The players experienced voluntary, spontaneous and involuntary imagery. Involuntary had a negative effect that support previous findings by Weibull (2005), further this study support Cumming and Hall (2002) that some athletes experience spontaneous imagery. The results were discussed in relation to previous imagery research.

<p>Motion är viktigt för vår hälsa, men många som börjar motionera slutar inom en snar framtid (Fallon, Hausenblas, & Nigg, 2005). Det är därför viktigt att utveckla strategier som motiverar människor till träning. Visualisering är en teknik som visats ha en motivationshöjande effekt hos motionärer. Kim och Giacobbi (2009) menar dock att det finns ett behov av att skilja på innehåll, syfte och effekter inom motionsvisualiseringen och att ett nytt mätinstrument därför behövs. Syftena med studien var därför att: (1) utveckla och testa mätinstrumentet the Individual Profile of Imagery Experiences in Exercise (IPIEE; Weibull & Johnsson 2010), samt att (2) studera motionärers frivilliga och spontana visualiseringsupplevelser. De teoretiska referensramarna som användes var Den Analytiska Referensramen för Visualiseringsupplevelser (Weibull, 2009) samt An Applied Model of Imagery Use in Exercise (Munroe-Chandler & Gammage, 2005). Resultat visar att IPIEE fungerade väl, att motionärerna använde flest frivilliga visualiseringsmönster för syftet motivation och att flest spontana visualiseringsmönster hade effekt på motivationen. De vanligaste innehållen i visualiseringsmönstren var Träningssituationer följt av Icke träningsrelaterade händelser/situationer. Resultaten diskuteras i relation till teoretiska referensramar samt tidigare forskning.</p> / <p>Exercise is important for our health, but many who start exercise drop out in the near future (Fallon, Hausenblas, & Nigg, 2005). It is therefore important to develop strategies that motivate people to exercise. Imagery has been shown to have a motivating effect on exercisers. Kim and Giacobbi (2009) argue that there is a need to distinguish between content, functions and effects in exercise imagery and that a new instrument therefore is needed. The objectives of this study were therefore to: (1) develop and test the instrument Individual Profile of Imagery Experiences in Exercise (IPIEE; Weibull & Johnsson 2010) and (2) study exercisers’ voluntary and spontaneous imagery experiences. The theoretical frameworks that were used were the Analytic Framework of Imagery Experiences (Weibull, 2009) and An Applied Model of Imagery Use in Exercise (Munroe-Chandler & Gammage, 2005). The result shows that IPIEE worked well, that voluntary imagery was mostly used to increase motivation and the most spontaneous imagery patterns had an effect on motivation. The most common contents were Exercise situations followed by Non-exercise related events/situations. The results are discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research.</p>

Motion är viktigt för vår hälsa, men många som börjar motionera slutar inom en snar framtid (Fallon, Hausenblas, &amp; Nigg, 2005). Det är därför viktigt att utveckla strategier som motiverar människor till träning. Visualisering är en teknik som visats ha en motivationshöjande effekt hos motionärer. Kim och Giacobbi (2009) menar dock att det finns ett behov av att skilja på innehåll, syfte och effekter inom motionsvisualiseringen och att ett nytt mätinstrument därför behövs. Syftena med studien var därför att: (1) utveckla och testa mätinstrumentet the Individual Profile of Imagery Experiences in Exercise (IPIEE; Weibull &amp; Johnsson 2010), samt att (2) studera motionärers frivilliga och spontana visualiseringsupplevelser. De teoretiska referensramarna som användes var Den Analytiska Referensramen för Visualiseringsupplevelser (Weibull, 2009) samt An Applied Model of Imagery Use in Exercise (Munroe-Chandler &amp; Gammage, 2005). Resultat visar att IPIEE fungerade väl, att motionärerna använde flest frivilliga visualiseringsmönster för syftet motivation och att flest spontana visualiseringsmönster hade effekt på motivationen. De vanligaste innehållen i visualiseringsmönstren var Träningssituationer följt av Icke träningsrelaterade händelser/situationer. Resultaten diskuteras i relation till teoretiska referensramar samt tidigare forskning. / Exercise is important for our health, but many who start exercise drop out in the near future (Fallon, Hausenblas, &amp; Nigg, 2005). It is therefore important to develop strategies that motivate people to exercise. Imagery has been shown to have a motivating effect on exercisers. Kim and Giacobbi (2009) argue that there is a need to distinguish between content, functions and effects in exercise imagery and that a new instrument therefore is needed. The objectives of this study were therefore to: (1) develop and test the instrument Individual Profile of Imagery Experiences in Exercise (IPIEE; Weibull &amp; Johnsson 2010) and (2) study exercisers’ voluntary and spontaneous imagery experiences. The theoretical frameworks that were used were the Analytic Framework of Imagery Experiences (Weibull, 2009) and An Applied Model of Imagery Use in Exercise (Munroe-Chandler &amp; Gammage, 2005). The result shows that IPIEE worked well, that voluntary imagery was mostly used to increase motivation and the most spontaneous imagery patterns had an effect on motivation. The most common contents were Exercise situations followed by Non-exercise related events/situations. The results are discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research.