Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti Švenčionių miesto 5-12 klasių mokinių naudojimosi kompiuteriu ir internetu ypatumus. Darbo uždaviniai. 1) Nustatyti mokinių naudojimosi kompiuteriu ypatumus; 2) Nustatyti mokinių naudojimosi internetu ypatumus; 3) Įvertinti mokinių nuomonę apie kompiuterio ir interneto įtaką sveikatai; 4) Įvertinti tėvų elgesį kontroliuojant vaikų naudojimąsi kompiuteriu ir internetu. Metodai. Atliktas momentinis paplitimo tyrimas naudojant anonimines apklausos anketas. Anketos sudarytos iš kelių dalių: bendrosios, „aš ir kompiuteris“, „aš ir internetas“. Tyrime dalyvavo Švenčionių miesto mokyklų, kuriose vykdomas pagrindinis vaikų ugdymas, mokiniai. Apklaustas 291 mokinys. Tyrimo anketos į duomenų bazę vestos naudojant programą Epi_Data, gauti duomenys analizuoti statistiniu paketu SPSS 16.0, grafikams vaizduoti naudota Microsoft Exel 2003 programa. Rezultatai. Dauguma mokinių savo sveikatą vertina labai gerai arba gerai (90,3%). Kompiuteriu naudojasi 96,6% mokinių. Mergaičių, kurios naudojasi kompiuteriu, ir berniukų skaičius panašus (atitinkamai 98,1% ir 94,6%), (χ²=3,170; df=2; p=0,205). Internetu taip pat naudojasi didžioji dalis, t.y., 97,6% mokinių. Dauguma mokinių naudojasi kompiuteriu kasdien (71,13%) Berniukai darbo dienomis kompiuteriu naudojasi ilgiau nei mergaitės (t=3,019, df=245,068, p=0,003, PI=[0,119-0,566]), taip pat ir savaitgaliais (t=2,402, df=260,957, p=0,017, PI [0,059-0,600]). 60,81% mokinių niekada arba tik retai atlieka pratimus akims... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Aim: To determine peculiarities of computer and internet usage among 5th-12th grade students in the city of Švenčionys. Tasks: 1) To determine features of computer usage by students; 2) To determine features of internet usage by students; 3) To evaluate student opinion about the impact on health by computers and internet; 4) To evaluate the behavior of parents control to computer and internet usage by their children. Methods: The momentary prevalence study was conducted using anonymous questionnaires. The questionnaires comprised of several parts: general part, “me and computer”, and “me and internet”. 291 students of the schools in Švenčionys participated in the survey. The questionnaires were collected to a database using the program Epi_Data; its results were analyzed using statistical package SPSS 16.0. Microsoft Excel 2003 was used for graphic representation. Results: The majority of students (90,3%) assess their health as very good or good. 96,6% of students use computers. The number of girls and boys, who use the computer, is similar (98,1% and 94,6% respectively), (χ²=3,170; df=2; p=0,205). The majority of students use internet (97,6%). The majority indicate daily usage of computer (71,13%). Male students tend to use computers for longer periods on weekdays (t=3,019, df=245,068, p=0,003, CI= [0,119-0,566]), as well as weekends (t=2,402, df=260,957, p=0,017, CI [0,059-0,600]) in comparison to female students. 60,81% of participants state to very rarely or... [to full text]

Viver cada vez mais, desejo da maioria das pessoas, pode resultar numa sobrevida marcada por incapacidades e dependência. O desafio é conseguir uma maior sobrevida, com uma qualidade de vida melhor. Para os profissionais de saúde, que atendem a população idosa, há outro desafio: como medir qualidade de vida, não apenas para fazer um retrato da velhice, mas, principalmente, para avaliar o impacto de tratamentos, condutas e políticas, corrigir seus rumos, alocar recursos e planejar serviços, visando sobrevida melhor. Historicamente, após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, qualidade de vida se tornou um constructo importante, significando melhoria do padrão de vida. Paulatinamente o conceito foi ampliado, englobando o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico e humano e a percepção das pessoas a respeito de suas vidas. Não há consenso sobre seu significado, existindo várias correntes de pensamento, complementares entre si. Além disso, no decorrer do tempo, a forma de avaliação se alterou, passando de uma avaliação baseada em parâmetros objetivos, ou idealizados pelo pesquisador, para outra que valoriza a percepção subjetiva das pessoas. A partir de 1975, avaliações de qualidade de vida vêm sendo gradualmente incorporadas às práticas do Setor Saúde. O número de instrumentos é enorme, poucos especificamente construídos para idosos. No Brasil, os estudos expandiram-se em 1992 e, ultimamente, observamos trabalhos mais consistentes, como tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação de questionários estrangeiros; estudos a respeito de qualidade de vida do idoso são mais raros. Fica evidente a conveniência de se criar um instrumento que meça a qualidade de vida de idosos, valorizando a opinião deles a respeito das questões que consideram importantes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: delinear procedimentos necessários, para elaborar instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de vida de idosos e definir, a partir de investigação preliminar, os itens que constituirão lista a ser utilizada em etapa futura para elaboração efetiva do instrumento. Para isto, assumiu-se como referência uma metodologia consagrada na literatura médica, adaptada a nossos propósitos. Na primeira etapa elaborou-se lista preliminar de itens, testada através de investigação preliminar. Essa lista foi gerada a partir de três fontes: revisão das respostas a questionário anterior, revisão de outros instrumentos da literatura e nossa prática no atendimento. A investigação preliminar teve três fases, a primeira, espontânea, onde o entrevistado apontou itens por ele considerados relevantes para uma boa e má qualidade de vida, a segunda, estimulada, onde identificou a relevância dos demais itens da lista preliminar e, por fim, avaliou a importância (Likert) dos itens considerados relevantes. A análise dos procedimentos mostrou que a metodologia é viável. Entrevistou-se 19 idosos, nove homens e dez mulheres. As medianas encontradas foram: 82 minutos de duração da entrevista, variando de 56 a 118; 13 itens relatados espontaneamente, variando de 4 a 21; quatro itens não-entendidos, variando de 0 a 9; cinco itens excluídos, variando de 0 a 21. As recusas à participação foram de idosos dependentes; na verdade, recusa dos acompanhantes. Dois itens sugeridos na fase espontânea foram incorporados e se eliminou um item considerado redundante. Fez-se nova redação para onze itens não-compreendidos. Todos os itens excluídos serão mantidos para a próxima etapa. A escala de Likert necessitará de reformulação. Numa etapa posterior, a lista de itens, agora modificada, será reduzida através de duas técnicas, impacto clínico e análise fatorial. A distribuição dos itens resultantes em dimensões comporá o instrumento, cujo formato já está desenhado: Satisfação de Vida, Qualidade de Vida Idealizada e Qualidade de Vida Real. / To live longer, what most people wish for nowadays can result in a life characterized by incapacity and dependency. The challenge is to be able to live longer, with a better quality of life. For health professionals who assist the elderly population, there is yet another challenge: how to measure quality of life, not only to have a clear picture of life among the elderly population, but mainly to assess the impact of treatment, procedures and policies, re-direct their goals, allocate resources and plan services, with the objective of achieving a better quality of life. Historically, after World War II, quality of life became an important concept, meaning the improvement in life standards. Gradually, the concept was extended, comprehending human and social-economic development and people’s perception of their own lives. There is no consensus on its meaning, and there are several currents which are complementary. Additionally, as time went by, the assessment technique changed, going from an objective parameter-based or researcher-based evaluation, to another type of evaluation which privileges people’s subjective perception. From 1975 on, quality of life assessments have been gradually incorporated into the Health Service practices. There are several instruments available for that, but few specifically built for the elderly population. In Brazil, the studies were broadened in 1992, and recently we have observed more consistent ones, which included translation, transcultural adaptation and validation of foreign questionnaires; studies on the elderly population’s quality of life are rare. It is clear the necessity of creating an instrument to measure the quality of life of elderly people, taking into account their opinion regarding issues they consider important. The aims of this study were: to specify the necessary procedures in order to build an assessment instrument to evaluate elderly people’s quality of life and define from the preliminary evaluation, the items that will constitute a list to be used in a future step for the definite conception of the instrument. In order to do so, we have used a methodological reference from the medical literature, which was adapted to our objectives. During the first step we built a preliminary list of items, which was tested through a previous investigation. This list was generated by using three sources: review of answers to a previous questionnaire, review of other instruments from the literature and our own clinical practice. The preliminary investigation consisted of three phases: the first one, which was spontaneous, where the interviewee pointed out items he/she considered relevant for a good and bad quality of life; the second one, which was stimulated, where the interviewee identified the relevance of the all other items in the preliminary list; and finally, the third phase, where he/she assessed the importance of the items considered to be relevant (Likert). The analysis of the procedures showed that the methodology is viable. We interviewed 19 elderly patients, 9 men and 10 women. The medians were: 82 minutes of interview duration, varying from 56 to 118 minutes; 13 items reported spontaneously, varying from 4 to 21; four items which were nor understood, varying from 0 to 9; 5 excluded items, varying from 0 to 21. The refusals to participate came from dependent elderly patients, which were actually the escort’s refusal. Two items that had been suggested during the spontaneous phase were incorporated and an item considered redundant was excluded. Eleven items that were not understood were rewritten. All items that were excluded will be kept for the next step. Likert’s scale will have to be redesigned. During a posterior step the list of items, which has been modified, will be decreased through two techniques, clinical impact and factorial analysis. The distribution of resulting items into dimensions will constitute the instrument whose format has been designed: Life Satisfaction, Idealized Quality of Life and Actual Quality of Life.

Viver cada vez mais, desejo da maioria das pessoas, pode resultar numa sobrevida marcada por incapacidades e dependência. O desafio é conseguir uma maior sobrevida, com uma qualidade de vida melhor. Para os profissionais de saúde, que atendem a população idosa, há outro desafio: como medir qualidade de vida, não apenas para fazer um retrato da velhice, mas, principalmente, para avaliar o impacto de tratamentos, condutas e políticas, corrigir seus rumos, alocar recursos e planejar serviços, visando sobrevida melhor. Historicamente, após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, qualidade de vida se tornou um constructo importante, significando melhoria do padrão de vida. Paulatinamente o conceito foi ampliado, englobando o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico e humano e a percepção das pessoas a respeito de suas vidas. Não há consenso sobre seu significado, existindo várias correntes de pensamento, complementares entre si. Além disso, no decorrer do tempo, a forma de avaliação se alterou, passando de uma avaliação baseada em parâmetros objetivos, ou idealizados pelo pesquisador, para outra que valoriza a percepção subjetiva das pessoas. A partir de 1975, avaliações de qualidade de vida vêm sendo gradualmente incorporadas às práticas do Setor Saúde. O número de instrumentos é enorme, poucos especificamente construídos para idosos. No Brasil, os estudos expandiram-se em 1992 e, ultimamente, observamos trabalhos mais consistentes, como tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação de questionários estrangeiros; estudos a respeito de qualidade de vida do idoso são mais raros. Fica evidente a conveniência de se criar um instrumento que meça a qualidade de vida de idosos, valorizando a opinião deles a respeito das questões que consideram importantes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: delinear procedimentos necessários, para elaborar instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de vida de idosos e definir, a partir de investigação preliminar, os itens que constituirão lista a ser utilizada em etapa futura para elaboração efetiva do instrumento. Para isto, assumiu-se como referência uma metodologia consagrada na literatura médica, adaptada a nossos propósitos. Na primeira etapa elaborou-se lista preliminar de itens, testada através de investigação preliminar. Essa lista foi gerada a partir de três fontes: revisão das respostas a questionário anterior, revisão de outros instrumentos da literatura e nossa prática no atendimento. A investigação preliminar teve três fases, a primeira, espontânea, onde o entrevistado apontou itens por ele considerados relevantes para uma boa e má qualidade de vida, a segunda, estimulada, onde identificou a relevância dos demais itens da lista preliminar e, por fim, avaliou a importância (Likert) dos itens considerados relevantes. A análise dos procedimentos mostrou que a metodologia é viável. Entrevistou-se 19 idosos, nove homens e dez mulheres. As medianas encontradas foram: 82 minutos de duração da entrevista, variando de 56 a 118; 13 itens relatados espontaneamente, variando de 4 a 21; quatro itens não-entendidos, variando de 0 a 9; cinco itens excluídos, variando de 0 a 21. As recusas à participação foram de idosos dependentes; na verdade, recusa dos acompanhantes. Dois itens sugeridos na fase espontânea foram incorporados e se eliminou um item considerado redundante. Fez-se nova redação para onze itens não-compreendidos. Todos os itens excluídos serão mantidos para a próxima etapa. A escala de Likert necessitará de reformulação. Numa etapa posterior, a lista de itens, agora modificada, será reduzida através de duas técnicas, impacto clínico e análise fatorial. A distribuição dos itens resultantes em dimensões comporá o instrumento, cujo formato já está desenhado: Satisfação de Vida, Qualidade de Vida Idealizada e Qualidade de Vida Real. / To live longer, what most people wish for nowadays can result in a life characterized by incapacity and dependency. The challenge is to be able to live longer, with a better quality of life. For health professionals who assist the elderly population, there is yet another challenge: how to measure quality of life, not only to have a clear picture of life among the elderly population, but mainly to assess the impact of treatment, procedures and policies, re-direct their goals, allocate resources and plan services, with the objective of achieving a better quality of life. Historically, after World War II, quality of life became an important concept, meaning the improvement in life standards. Gradually, the concept was extended, comprehending human and social-economic development and people’s perception of their own lives. There is no consensus on its meaning, and there are several currents which are complementary. Additionally, as time went by, the assessment technique changed, going from an objective parameter-based or researcher-based evaluation, to another type of evaluation which privileges people’s subjective perception. From 1975 on, quality of life assessments have been gradually incorporated into the Health Service practices. There are several instruments available for that, but few specifically built for the elderly population. In Brazil, the studies were broadened in 1992, and recently we have observed more consistent ones, which included translation, transcultural adaptation and validation of foreign questionnaires; studies on the elderly population’s quality of life are rare. It is clear the necessity of creating an instrument to measure the quality of life of elderly people, taking into account their opinion regarding issues they consider important. The aims of this study were: to specify the necessary procedures in order to build an assessment instrument to evaluate elderly people’s quality of life and define from the preliminary evaluation, the items that will constitute a list to be used in a future step for the definite conception of the instrument. In order to do so, we have used a methodological reference from the medical literature, which was adapted to our objectives. During the first step we built a preliminary list of items, which was tested through a previous investigation. This list was generated by using three sources: review of answers to a previous questionnaire, review of other instruments from the literature and our own clinical practice. The preliminary investigation consisted of three phases: the first one, which was spontaneous, where the interviewee pointed out items he/she considered relevant for a good and bad quality of life; the second one, which was stimulated, where the interviewee identified the relevance of the all other items in the preliminary list; and finally, the third phase, where he/she assessed the importance of the items considered to be relevant (Likert). The analysis of the procedures showed that the methodology is viable. We interviewed 19 elderly patients, 9 men and 10 women. The medians were: 82 minutes of interview duration, varying from 56 to 118 minutes; 13 items reported spontaneously, varying from 4 to 21; four items which were nor understood, varying from 0 to 9; 5 excluded items, varying from 0 to 21. The refusals to participate came from dependent elderly patients, which were actually the escort’s refusal. Two items that had been suggested during the spontaneous phase were incorporated and an item considered redundant was excluded. Eleven items that were not understood were rewritten. All items that were excluded will be kept for the next step. Likert’s scale will have to be redesigned. During a posterior step the list of items, which has been modified, will be decreased through two techniques, clinical impact and factorial analysis. The distribution of resulting items into dimensions will constitute the instrument whose format has been designed: Life Satisfaction, Idealized Quality of Life and Actual Quality of Life.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

No description available.

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of nature for the health and well-being of young adults. A qualitative method was used and data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven people from the ages of 15-20. The interviews were transcribed with the results of the study revealing that nearly everyone felt calm and relaxed while they were in a natural environment. The most common motivation to be outdoors was socializing with friends, performing any kind of sport and/or taking walks. Reasons to stay indoors were rainy, cold weather, lack of time, and in some cases circumstances related to their surroundings, such as where they live. The findings suggest that a natural environment has positive effects for the health of adolescents. Measures should be taken to promote the outdoors, especially for people who live in countries where the weather makes it less enticing to be outside, for example Northern Europe. Further research is needed to investigate <em>what</em> measures should be taken, and a suggestion for future research is to give adolescents an opportunity to provide with ideas.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats har skrivits med syfte att ta reda på vilken betydelse naturen har för ungdomars hälsa, samt redogöra för vad som får ungdomar att spendera tid utomhus respektive stanna inomhus. Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ karaktär och empirisk data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med elva ungdomar mellan åldrarna 15-20 år. Intervjumaterialet transkriberades innan en innehållsanalys genomfördes. Studiens huvudresultat visade att vistelse i naturen gav ungdomar en känsla av avslappning och lugn och att naturen var en plats de trivs i. De vanligaste orsakerna till vistelse utomhus var umgänge med kompisar, utförande av någon typ av sport eller promenader. Anledningar till att stanna inomhus var regn och kyla, tidsbrist samt i vissa fall omständigheter på grund av omgivningen, såsom var boendet ligger i förhållande till naturen. Eftersom vistelse i naturen visade sig positivt för ungdomars hälsa bör åtgärder vidtas för att öka deras utomhusvistelse. Detta speciellt för ungdomar som bor i länder där vädret ofta gör det mindre lockande att gå ut, såsom i norra Europa. Vidare forskning behövs för att utreda vilka åtgärder som bör vidtas och ett förslag är att ge ungdomarna själva chansen att komma med idéer.</p>

The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of nature for the health and well-being of young adults. A qualitative method was used and data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven people from the ages of 15-20. The interviews were transcribed with the results of the study revealing that nearly everyone felt calm and relaxed while they were in a natural environment. The most common motivation to be outdoors was socializing with friends, performing any kind of sport and/or taking walks. Reasons to stay indoors were rainy, cold weather, lack of time, and in some cases circumstances related to their surroundings, such as where they live. The findings suggest that a natural environment has positive effects for the health of adolescents. Measures should be taken to promote the outdoors, especially for people who live in countries where the weather makes it less enticing to be outside, for example Northern Europe. Further research is needed to investigate what measures should be taken, and a suggestion for future research is to give adolescents an opportunity to provide with ideas. / Denna uppsats har skrivits med syfte att ta reda på vilken betydelse naturen har för ungdomars hälsa, samt redogöra för vad som får ungdomar att spendera tid utomhus respektive stanna inomhus. Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ karaktär och empirisk data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med elva ungdomar mellan åldrarna 15-20 år. Intervjumaterialet transkriberades innan en innehållsanalys genomfördes. Studiens huvudresultat visade att vistelse i naturen gav ungdomar en känsla av avslappning och lugn och att naturen var en plats de trivs i. De vanligaste orsakerna till vistelse utomhus var umgänge med kompisar, utförande av någon typ av sport eller promenader. Anledningar till att stanna inomhus var regn och kyla, tidsbrist samt i vissa fall omständigheter på grund av omgivningen, såsom var boendet ligger i förhållande till naturen. Eftersom vistelse i naturen visade sig positivt för ungdomars hälsa bör åtgärder vidtas för att öka deras utomhusvistelse. Detta speciellt för ungdomar som bor i länder där vädret ofta gör det mindre lockande att gå ut, såsom i norra Europa. Vidare forskning behövs för att utreda vilka åtgärder som bör vidtas och ett förslag är att ge ungdomarna själva chansen att komma med idéer.