The RamC protein is required for the production of spore-forming cells called aerial hyphae in colonies of 𝘚𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘺𝘤𝘦𝘴 𝘤𝘰𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘳. RamC can be detected during the period between 24 and 48 hours following spore germination however there is a dramatic drop in RamC levels thereafter. This could be explained either by the existence of an active means of RamC removal or by the fact that at later time points in the 𝘚. 𝘤𝘰𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘳 lifecycle non-RamC producing cells vastly outnumber RamC-producing cells. characterized a large number of 𝘣𝘭𝘥 mutants and found that most of them do not produce RamC. In the majority of the 𝘣𝘭𝘥 mutants that do produce RamC, we observed the same pattern of accumulation and loss during colony growth as in wildtype colonies. Furthermore, we identified a small number of mutants that produced RamC such that it persisted at detectable levels for a longer duration or only appeared after a substantial delay relative to the wildtype. None of these RamC-producing 𝘣𝘭𝘥 mutants was complemented by plasmids containing a cloned 𝘣𝘭𝘥𝘔, 𝘣𝘭𝘥𝘕 or 𝘳𝘢𝘮𝘙 gene, mutations in which also cause persistent or delayed RamC production. These results suggest either that there is more than one differentiated cell type within the substrate mycelium or that 𝘚. 𝘤𝘰𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘳 colonies actively rid themselves of RamC once the protein's biological function has passed. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

This paper observes the problems that impede meaningful analysis of form and structure in modern music, specifically electronic music. The premise of this research is to present methods, tools and practice for analyzing music whose visual interpretation, if any, do not represent the aural result of the composition. The means for suggesting a method are derived from documented observations in aural psychology, as well as composers' writings about musical perception. The result is an analytic model that focuses on the aural experience rather than the composers' compositional strategies which do not always agree with the resultant composition. The results from the analysis of music by Parmegiani, Harvey, Vega and Harrison help prove the general applicability of this research.

L'étude des effets isotopiques dans le processus de la multifragmentation du projectile spectateur a été effectuée en utilisant le spectromètre ALADiN auprès de l'accélérateur GSI à Darmstadt. Des réactions aux énergies relativistes avec des faisceaux stables d'197Au et 124Sn et des faisceaux radioactifs de 124La et 107Sn ont été utilisés pour couvrir une large gamme en masse et en N/Z. La mesure du vecteur moment et l'identification des fragments du projectile ayant une charge Z>1 entrant dans l'acceptance de l'aimant ALADiN ont été obtenues avec une grande efficacité et résolution en utilisant le dispositif ALADiN amélioré en association avec le détecteur de neutrons LAND. L'étude des propriétés globales de la multifragmentation a montrée une dépendance en N/Z en accord avec les prédictions du modèle statistique de la multifragmentation. L'effet pair-impair dans la multifragmentation du projectile spectateur a été investigé pour pouvoir trouver une interprétation à sa manifestation à hautes énergies d'excitation. Un accord qualitatif a été obtenu pour les mesures de la températures avec les précédentes données et les prédictions théoriques.

Hörselskadades riksförbund hävdar att en stor del av hörselskadade barn och ungdomar misslyckas i skolan idag. Det är vanligt förekommande att hörselskadade elever ska integreras i hörande klass. Trots detta finns det speciella hörselklasser för hörselskadade elever. Syftet med studien är att undersöka två hörselskadade elevers erfarenheter av att vara integrerade i hörande klass samt deras erfarenheter av skolsituationen i hörselklass. Fokus ligger på sociala- och lärandeaspekter. Studiens mål är att få fram positiva samt negativa konsekvenser för den hörselskadade eleven av att gå i de två skolformerna, så som de själva uttrycker det. Studien använder sig av livsberättelser som är en del av en narrativ metod. Två hörselskadade elever har fritt fått berätta om sina erfarenheter av två olika skolformer. Studiens resultat är att de två hörselskadade eleverna upplever ett utanförskap i den hörande klassen. De har även svårt att ta till sig undervisningsinnehållet i hörande klass. I hörselklassen är undervisningen anpassad efter de hörselskadade elevernas behov. De blir även en del av den sociala gemenskapen i hörselklassen eftersom hörselskadan inte ses som ett handikapp. Utifrån resultatet drar vi slutsatsen att hörselklass framstår som den optimala skolformen för hörselskadade elever. Denna slutsats kan dock endast grundas på de två elever som medverkat i studien. / The national federation of hearing-impaired people asserts that a large number of hearing-impaired children and youths fail in school today. It is of frequent occurrence that hearing-impaired pupils shall be in a class with hearing pupils. In spite of this there are special classes for hearing-impaired pupils. The purpose of this essay is to examine two hearing-impaired pupils´ experiences of being in a class with hearing pupils and their experiences of schooling in a class with hearing-impaired pupils. The essay is focus on social- and learning aspects. The aim of this essay is to notice positive and negative consequences for the hearing-impaired pupil of being in the two different school forms, in their own words. This essay is using life stories which are a part of a narrative method. Two hearing-impaired pupils have told their stories about being in two different school forms. The result of this essay is that the two hearing-impaired pupils experience that they are out of the social fellowship in the class with hearing pupils. The hearing-impaired pupils also have difficulties with the education in the class with hearing pupils. The education in the class with entirely hearing-impaired pupils is suited for the hearing-impaired pupils´ needs. They also become a part of the social fellowship in the class with hearing-impaired pupils because the hearing-impair does not seem like a handicap. The conclusion of the result is that the optimum school form for the hearing-impaired pupils appears to be in a class with entirely hearing-impaired pupils. This conclusion can only be based on the two pupils who have been a part of this essay.

<p>Hörselskadades riksförbund hävdar att en stor del av hörselskadade barn och ungdomar misslyckas i skolan idag. Det är vanligt förekommande att hörselskadade elever ska integreras i hörande klass. Trots detta finns det speciella hörselklasser för hörselskadade elever.</p><p>Syftet med studien är att undersöka två hörselskadade elevers erfarenheter av att vara integrerade i hörande klass samt deras erfarenheter av skolsituationen i hörselklass. Fokus ligger på sociala- och lärandeaspekter. Studiens mål är att få fram positiva samt negativa konsekvenser för den hörselskadade eleven av att gå i de två skolformerna, så som de själva uttrycker det.</p><p>Studien använder sig av livsberättelser som är en del av en narrativ metod. Två hörselskadade elever har fritt fått berätta om sina erfarenheter av två olika skolformer. Studiens resultat är att de två hörselskadade eleverna upplever ett utanförskap i den hörande klassen. De har även svårt att ta till sig undervisningsinnehållet i hörande klass. I hörselklassen är undervisningen anpassad efter de hörselskadade elevernas behov. De blir även en del av den sociala gemenskapen i hörselklassen eftersom hörselskadan inte ses som ett handikapp.</p><p>Utifrån resultatet drar vi slutsatsen att hörselklass framstår som den optimala skolformen för hörselskadade elever. Denna slutsats kan dock endast grundas på de två elever som medverkat i studien.</p> / <p>The national federation of hearing-impaired people asserts that a large number of hearing-impaired children and youths fail in school today. It is of frequent occurrence that hearing-impaired pupils shall be in a class with hearing pupils. In spite of this there are special classes for hearing-impaired pupils.</p><p>The purpose of this essay is to examine two hearing-impaired pupils´ experiences of being in a class with hearing pupils and their experiences of schooling in a class with hearing-impaired pupils. The essay is focus on social- and learning aspects. The aim of this essay is to notice positive and negative consequences for the hearing-impaired pupil of being in the two different school forms, in their own words.</p><p>This essay is using life stories which are a part of a narrative method. Two hearing-impaired pupils have told their stories about being in two different school forms. The result of this essay is that the two hearing-impaired pupils experience that they are out of the social fellowship in the class with hearing pupils. The hearing-impaired pupils also have difficulties with the education in the class with hearing pupils. The education in the class with entirely hearing-impaired pupils is suited for the hearing-impaired pupils´ needs. They also become a part of the social fellowship in the class with hearing-impaired pupils because the hearing-impair does not seem like a handicap.</p><p>The conclusion of the result is that the optimum school form for the hearing-impaired pupils appears to be in a class with entirely hearing-impaired pupils. This conclusion can only be based on the two pupils who have been a part of this essay.</p>

Depuis l’introduction de la mécanique quantique, plusieurs mystères de la nature ont trouvé leurs explications. De plus en plus, les concepts de la mécanique quantique se sont entremêlés avec d’autres de la théorie de la complexité du calcul. De nouvelles idées et solutions ont été découvertes et élaborées dans le but de résoudre ces problèmes informatiques. En particulier, la mécanique quantique a secoué plusieurs preuves de sécurité de protocoles classiques. Dans ce m´emoire, nous faisons un étalage de résultats récents de l’implication de la mécanique quantique sur la complexité du calcul, et cela plus précisément dans le cas de classes avec interaction. Nous présentons ces travaux de recherches avec la nomenclature des jeux à information imparfaite avec coopération. Nous exposons les différences entre les théories classiques, quantiques et non-signalantes et les démontrons par l’exemple du jeu à cycle impair. Nous centralisons notre attention autour de deux grands thèmes : l’effet sur un jeu de l’ajout de joueurs et de la répétition parallèle. Nous observons que l’effet de ces modifications a des conséquences très différentes en fonction de la théorie physique considérée. / Since the introduction of quantum mechanics, many mysteries of nature have found explanations. Many quantum-mechanical concepts have merged with the field of computational complexity theory. New ideas and solutions have been put forward to solve computational problems. In particular, quantum mechanics has struck down many security proofs of classical protocols. In this thesis, we survey recent results regarding the implication of quantum mechanics to computational complexity and more precisely to classes with interaction. We present the work done in the framework of cooperative games with imperfect information. We give some differences between classical, quantum and no-signaling theories and apply them to the specific example of Odd Cycle Games. We center our attention on two different themes: the effect on a game of adding more players and of parallel repetition. We observe that depending of the physical theory considered, the consequences of these changes is very different.

Objetivo:Avaliar a longevidade de restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos submetidos à remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC) e os possíveis fatores associados com o insucesso, tentando aproximar os resultados à vida clínica diária. Métodos: Estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo que incluiu 284 restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos posteriores e anteriores confeccionadas após RPTC em 88 crianças com alta experiência de cárie. Os dentes foram acompanhados clínica e radiograficamente através da informação registrada nos prontuários clínicos dos pacientes. Adicionalmente, foram investigados os fatores potencialmente associados com o insucesso do tratamento, tais como idade, gênero, tipo de dente, número de faces restauradas, material capeador e restaurador utilizado e índice de placa visível (IPV) e de sangramento gengival (ISG). O estimador Kaplan-Meiere o teste de Log-Rank foram utilizados para analisar a longevidade das restaurações e o modelo de regressão multivariado de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada, para avaliar os fatores que poderiam estar relacionados com a falha do tratamento (p<0,05). Resultados: A taxa de sucesso clínico e radiográfico da amostra foi de 76% e obteve-se uma taxa de falha anual (AFR) de 20% na análise até 36 meses. O IPV (p=0,014) e o tipo de dente, anterior ou posterior (p<0,001) mostraram influência significativa no insucesso das restaurações. Conclusão: restaurações adesivas realizadas após RPTC na dentição decíduae em um ambiente que simula a vida clínica diária demonstrambons resultados, principalmente em dentes posteriores. Porém, o acúmulo de biofilme sobre as superfícies dentárias afeta a longevidade das mesmas. / Objective: to assess the longevity of direct adhesive restorations undergoing partial caries removal (PCR) in primary teeth and associated factors for failure, approaching the results to a daily clinical life. Methods: Retrospective analytical observational study which included 284 posterior and anterior primary teeth direct adhesive restorations that had been treated with PCR of 88 children with high caries experience. The teeth had clinical and radiographic follow-up through the information registered in the clinical records of the patients.In addition, factors potentially associated with treatment failure were investigated, such as age, gender, type of tooth involved, number of surfaces restored, type of capping material and restorative material used, visible plaque (VPI) and gingival bleeding indexes (GBI). Kaplan-Meier estimate and Log-Rank test were used to analyze the longevity of restorations and multivariate Cox´s regression model with shared frailty to evaluate the factors that could be related to treatment failure (p<0.05). Results: A clinical and radiographic success rate of the sample was 76% and an annual failure rate was estimated in 20% over 36 months. Only visible plaque index (p=0.014) and type of teeth, anterior or posterior (p<0.001) had a significant influence on the restorative failure. Conclusion:Adhesive restorations undergoing PCR in primary teeth in an environment that simulates a daily clinical life demonstrate good results, particularly in posterior teeth. However, the biofilm accumulation on the dental surfaces affects the longevity of them.

Objetivo:Avaliar a longevidade de restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos submetidos à remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC) e os possíveis fatores associados com o insucesso, tentando aproximar os resultados à vida clínica diária. Métodos: Estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo que incluiu 284 restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos posteriores e anteriores confeccionadas após RPTC em 88 crianças com alta experiência de cárie. Os dentes foram acompanhados clínica e radiograficamente através da informação registrada nos prontuários clínicos dos pacientes. Adicionalmente, foram investigados os fatores potencialmente associados com o insucesso do tratamento, tais como idade, gênero, tipo de dente, número de faces restauradas, material capeador e restaurador utilizado e índice de placa visível (IPV) e de sangramento gengival (ISG). O estimador Kaplan-Meiere o teste de Log-Rank foram utilizados para analisar a longevidade das restaurações e o modelo de regressão multivariado de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada, para avaliar os fatores que poderiam estar relacionados com a falha do tratamento (p<0,05). Resultados: A taxa de sucesso clínico e radiográfico da amostra foi de 76% e obteve-se uma taxa de falha anual (AFR) de 20% na análise até 36 meses. O IPV (p=0,014) e o tipo de dente, anterior ou posterior (p<0,001) mostraram influência significativa no insucesso das restaurações. Conclusão: restaurações adesivas realizadas após RPTC na dentição decíduae em um ambiente que simula a vida clínica diária demonstrambons resultados, principalmente em dentes posteriores. Porém, o acúmulo de biofilme sobre as superfícies dentárias afeta a longevidade das mesmas. / Objective: to assess the longevity of direct adhesive restorations undergoing partial caries removal (PCR) in primary teeth and associated factors for failure, approaching the results to a daily clinical life. Methods: Retrospective analytical observational study which included 284 posterior and anterior primary teeth direct adhesive restorations that had been treated with PCR of 88 children with high caries experience. The teeth had clinical and radiographic follow-up through the information registered in the clinical records of the patients.In addition, factors potentially associated with treatment failure were investigated, such as age, gender, type of tooth involved, number of surfaces restored, type of capping material and restorative material used, visible plaque (VPI) and gingival bleeding indexes (GBI). Kaplan-Meier estimate and Log-Rank test were used to analyze the longevity of restorations and multivariate Cox´s regression model with shared frailty to evaluate the factors that could be related to treatment failure (p<0.05). Results: A clinical and radiographic success rate of the sample was 76% and an annual failure rate was estimated in 20% over 36 months. Only visible plaque index (p=0.014) and type of teeth, anterior or posterior (p<0.001) had a significant influence on the restorative failure. Conclusion:Adhesive restorations undergoing PCR in primary teeth in an environment that simulates a daily clinical life demonstrate good results, particularly in posterior teeth. However, the biofilm accumulation on the dental surfaces affects the longevity of them.

Objetivo:Avaliar a longevidade de restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos submetidos à remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC) e os possíveis fatores associados com o insucesso, tentando aproximar os resultados à vida clínica diária. Métodos: Estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo que incluiu 284 restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos posteriores e anteriores confeccionadas após RPTC em 88 crianças com alta experiência de cárie. Os dentes foram acompanhados clínica e radiograficamente através da informação registrada nos prontuários clínicos dos pacientes. Adicionalmente, foram investigados os fatores potencialmente associados com o insucesso do tratamento, tais como idade, gênero, tipo de dente, número de faces restauradas, material capeador e restaurador utilizado e índice de placa visível (IPV) e de sangramento gengival (ISG). O estimador Kaplan-Meiere o teste de Log-Rank foram utilizados para analisar a longevidade das restaurações e o modelo de regressão multivariado de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada, para avaliar os fatores que poderiam estar relacionados com a falha do tratamento (p<0,05). Resultados: A taxa de sucesso clínico e radiográfico da amostra foi de 76% e obteve-se uma taxa de falha anual (AFR) de 20% na análise até 36 meses. O IPV (p=0,014) e o tipo de dente, anterior ou posterior (p<0,001) mostraram influência significativa no insucesso das restaurações. Conclusão: restaurações adesivas realizadas após RPTC na dentição decíduae em um ambiente que simula a vida clínica diária demonstrambons resultados, principalmente em dentes posteriores. Porém, o acúmulo de biofilme sobre as superfícies dentárias afeta a longevidade das mesmas. / Objective: to assess the longevity of direct adhesive restorations undergoing partial caries removal (PCR) in primary teeth and associated factors for failure, approaching the results to a daily clinical life. Methods: Retrospective analytical observational study which included 284 posterior and anterior primary teeth direct adhesive restorations that had been treated with PCR of 88 children with high caries experience. The teeth had clinical and radiographic follow-up through the information registered in the clinical records of the patients.In addition, factors potentially associated with treatment failure were investigated, such as age, gender, type of tooth involved, number of surfaces restored, type of capping material and restorative material used, visible plaque (VPI) and gingival bleeding indexes (GBI). Kaplan-Meier estimate and Log-Rank test were used to analyze the longevity of restorations and multivariate Cox´s regression model with shared frailty to evaluate the factors that could be related to treatment failure (p<0.05). Results: A clinical and radiographic success rate of the sample was 76% and an annual failure rate was estimated in 20% over 36 months. Only visible plaque index (p=0.014) and type of teeth, anterior or posterior (p<0.001) had a significant influence on the restorative failure. Conclusion:Adhesive restorations undergoing PCR in primary teeth in an environment that simulates a daily clinical life demonstrate good results, particularly in posterior teeth. However, the biofilm accumulation on the dental surfaces affects the longevity of them.

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