Thesis (Ph.D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2005. / Title from second page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [2], vi, 113 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-87).

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-62). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ99301

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1998. / Title from title page screen, viewed July 14, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Jeff Laurent, Salvatore J. Catanzaro (co-chairs), Connie B. Horton, Alvin E. House. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-83) and abstract. Also available in print.

abstract: Responsibility for academic outcomes is an important factor to consider within the study of student motivation, yet measures for the construct remain elusive and inconsistent. The present study uses a new measure developed by Lauermann and Karabenick to assess students' sense of responsibility for their academic outcomes. This study examined the relationship between perceived academic control, implicit theory of intelligence, and student responsibility. Results were based on a sample of 152 undergraduate students. A significant relationship between perceived academic control and student responsibility was established. Results also indicated a significant association between implicit theory of intelligence and student responsibility; however, contrary to hypotheses, implicit theory did not mediate the relationship between perceived academic control and student responsibility. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Educational Psychology 2012

This dissertation examined the effects of implicit theories of emotion (beliefs about the malleability of emotion) on emotion regulation and experience. Incremental theories involve beliefs that emotions are controllable; entity theories involve beliefs that emotions are uncontrollable. I hypothesized that an incremental theory would be associated with better well-being, more adaptive emotion regulation, and mastery-oriented patterns of response to emotion regulation difficulty, compared to an entity theory. Study 1 developed a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess trait implicit theories of emotion and examined correlations with self-reports of personality, emotional experience, emotion regulation, and well-being. A trait incremental theory was associated with greater positive emotion and less negative emotion, an effect that was mediated by the tendency of incremental theorists to use more active coping and adaptive emotion regulation strategies, compared to entity theorists. Incremental theories were also associated with greater overall well-being, lower depression, and less stress. Studies 2-5 manipulated implicit theories of emotion and examined their causal effects on emotion and emotion regulation. Although entity and incremental participants did not report differences in emotional experience when experiencing emotions naturally (Study 2), participants in the incremental group were more likely to regulate their emotions when explicitly asked to do so (Study 3). Specifically, only incremental participants responded to instructions to remain objective while rating emotionally evocative images. Studies 4 and 5 examined differences in reactions to emotion regulation difficulty. After completing an emotional interference task, all (Study 4) or a random half (Study 5) of participants were told that they had done poorly and rated attributions for their performance, affect, and motivation to remain engaged versus withdrawing. Although hypothesized patterns did not emerge as a whole, participants in the incremental condition were more likely to attribute their performance (failure or success) to strategy use. This research has implications for the study of emotion regulation, in particular, patterns of helplessness and mastery within the domain of emotions.

O uso de simulações computacionais no campo da engenharia vem se tornando cada vez mais freqüente. Este trabalho aplica diferentes tipos de análise, Método Multicorpos e Método dos Elementos Finitos, para estudos dinâmicos e estruturais, como ferramenta de auxílio no desenvolvimento de veículos terrestres. Através de métodos de integração numérica e posteriormente a utilização do método dos multicorpos, uma suspensão independente dianteira de um veículo foi isolada, considerada como um conjunto de corpos unidos por juntas, movidos por forças e restringidos por batentes. O comportamento dinâmico do sistema foi determinado submetendo o modelo a entradas provenientes do pavimento. O Método dos Elementos Finitos já é considerado como ferramenta potente para o cálculo estrutural. Para abordar tal tema, foi construído um modelo discretizado em Elementos Finitos de um veículo comercial completo. Este modelo foi submetido a simulações de situações de situações reais quasi-estáticas e dinâmicas, utilizando algoritmos implícito e explícito, dependendo do fenômeno considerado. A partir destes, puderam ser verificadas a performance estrutural e a segurança passiva do veículo arremessado a obstáculos cotidianos. O último estudo retrata que com a fusão dos métodos é possível, através de programas dedicados, prever a dinâmica de um modelo encriptado de um boneco tipo HYBRIDIII, quando submetido a um pulso de desaceleração no interior de um veículo com e sem bolsa de segurança(airbag). Todos os resultados obtidos foram comparados à realidade ou \"benchmark\". Os obstáculos enfrentados permitiram definir qual ferramenta melhor se encaixa num contexto de desenvolvimento dentro de uma corporação. / The use of computational tools in various engineering fields has increased over the last years. Mathematical modelling is identified as being the most adequate tool for simulating real service conditions along several product development phases. This work investigates different dynamic and structural analysis used for ground vehicle development tools. By numerical integration using the Multibody system method, an independent suspension was isolated from the car and considered as bodies connected by joints, moved by forces and constrained by stoppers. The dynamic behaviour of the systems was predicted when submitted to input exclusively from the ground. The Finite Element Method is already considered a very powerful simulation tool. In order to study the method, a full vehicle model was built and submitted to quasi-static and dynamic inputs. Both implicit and explicit methods were used to simulate different situations. The vehicle had its structural performance analysed related to durability and safety aspects. The last analysis that shows the fusion of methods is possible using dedicated computational tools to simulate the passenger kinematics by using an encrypted dummy and an airbag model under a deceleration pulse as input. AlI the results were compared to experimental and benchmark results. Also the difficulties emerged from each tool were pointed out in order to define which is the most appropriate within the development context.

Communication is an important part of any multi-agent system. There are different ways of communicating and they have different effects on a multi-agent system. This project describes and evaluates two different ways of communication, implicit and explicit. To compare the two methods, two experiments have been executed. The result of the experiments have been compared and discussed. There has also been an attempt made to combine the two methods.

ntranät har medfört många nya möjligheter för företag och organisationer. Samtidigt har det också orsakat problem kring hur de nya flödena med kommunikation och information skall hanteras. Utbudet av information ökar samtidigt som vårt begränsade fält av uppmärksamhet är ändligt. Informationsstress har blivit ett begrepp som används i detta sammanhang. För att möta upp mot detta problem förser vi oss med tekniker och hjälpmedel som är tänkta att reducera överflödet av information. Användarmodellering är en teknik som är avsedd för att avhjälpa denna problematik. Genom att specificera användarens intressen kan andelen relevant information ökas. Vid implicit användarmodellering analyseras användarens handhavande då denne tar del av information, för att på så sätt bilda en uppfattning om individens intressen. Tekniken är inte fulländad varför projektet har undersökt hur tekniken kan utvecklas och vilka beteenden som har bäst förmåga att ge ledning till den upplevda relevansen. Projektet har identifierat ett flertal potentiella utvecklingsmöjligheter och fyra beteenden som har särskild god förmåga att ge ledning till den upplevda relevansen.

L’analyse de la pratique et de la jurisprudence démontre qu’indépendamment de l’existence ou non d’un acteinstrumentaire, certaines obligations dont le contenu n’est pas retranscrit par écrit et qui ne relèvent pas de lacatégorie des obligations imposées contraignent les parties. L’identification d’une double condition de qualificationrévèle l’existence d’une catégorie obligationnelle particulière qui, n’étant pas envisagée en tant que telle par le droitpositif, invite à l’analyse. L’étude des obligations non matérialisées se révèle nécessaire afin de comprendre tant leur mécanique de fonctionnement que les fondements de leur effet contraignant. Les unes, qualifiées d’obligations non matérialisées par renvoi explicite, s’identifient par la stipulation, par les parties, d’une clause par référence dans l’instrumentum qui fait expressément référence à leur caractère obligatoire. Si leur effet contraignant est, donc, justifié par la forceobligatoire du contrat dans lequel la stipulation contractuelle est prévue, le contenu imposable à la relationcontractuelle n’est, toutefois, pas retranscrit dans l’écrit principal. Les autres, qualifiées d’obligations non matérialiséespar renvoi implicite, sont celles qui s’ordonnent aux contractants sans que ces derniers ne justifient d’une volontéexplicite de s’y soumettre. Si cette définition est similaire à celle des obligations imposées en ce qu’elles ne sont pasnécessairement rattachables à la commune intention des parties, ces obligations non matérialisées s’en distinguent parleur fondement. Lorsque les obligations imposées se justifient par la lettre ou la mise en oeuvre d’une dispositionlégale, les obligations non matérialisées par renvoi implicite s’expliquent par la notion d’utilité. La révélation des obligations non matérialisées dans les contrats s’attache à un intérêt pratique puisqu’au terme decette démarche, une visibilité relative à leurs effets permet d’identifier les lacunes que leur effet obligatoire suscite et,partant, les solutions qu’il apparaît opportun d’appliquer. La nature et l’importance des difficultés révélées justifient,alors, la nécessité d’établir un traitement juridique, mais également, de déceler les éléments indispensables à uneproposition qui leur est adaptée. Il se constate que les insuffisances liées au caractère obligatoire des obligations non matérialisées ne leur sont pas spécifiques en ce qu’elles peuvent, du fait de leur caractère général, être décelées dans d’autres situations contractuelles. Les traitements proposés dans la présente étude ont, ainsi, vocation à s’appliquer à l’ensemble de la matière contractuelle. / The analysis of practice and of case-law shows that, independent of the existence or not of a legal instrument, certain obligations the contents of which have not been made in writing and which do not fall under the category of imposed obligations are binding on the parties. The identification of a double condition of qualification shows the existence of a specific obligational category which, not having been envisaged as such by positive law, calls for analysis.The analysis of their exteriorisation proves to be necessary in order to understand not only the way they function but also the foundations of their enforceability. Some, qualified as non-materialized obligations by explicit reference, are identified by the stipulation, by the parties, of a clause by reference in the instrumentum which expressly refers to their enforceability. If their binding nature is, therefore, justified by the binding nature of the contract in which the contractual stipulation is provided, the contents binding vis-à-vis the contractual relationship is not, however, transcribed in the main instrument in writing. The others, qualified as non-materialized obligations by implicit reference, are those which are binding on the contracting parties without the latter justifying any explicit wish to comply with them. If this definition is similar to that of imposed obligations in that they are not necessarily expressly bound to the common intention of the parties, these non-materialized obligations can be distinguished by their foundation. Whereas imposed obligations are justified by the letter or the carrying out of a legal provision, non-materialized obligations by implicit reference can be explained by the notion of utility. The revelation of non-materialized obligations in contracts can be linked to a practical interest as, at the end of this process, a certain visibility concerning their effects enables both the shortcomings caused by their binding nature and hence the seemingly appropriate solutions to apply to be identified. The nature and the importance of the difficulties revealed justify, therefore, the necessity of setting up legal treatment, but also, of identifying the elements indispensable to find a proposition adapted to them. It can be seen that the insufficiencies related to the binding nature of non-materialized obligations are not specific to them in that they can, because of their general nature, be found in other contractual situations. The ways of treating this put forward in this study can therefore be applied to all contractual matters.

The neural basis of statistical learning as it occurs over time was explored with stimuli drawn from a natural language (Russian nouns). The input reflected the "rules" for marking categories of gendered nouns, without making participants explicitly aware of the nature of what they were to learn. Participants were scanned while listening to a series of gender-marked nouns during four sequential scans, and were tested for their learning immediately after each scan. Although participants were not told the nature of the learning task, they exhibited learning after their initial exposure to the stimuli. Independent component analysis of the brain data revealed five task- related sub- networks. Unlike prior statistical learning studies of word segmentation, this morphological learning task robustly activated the inferior frontal gyrus during the learning period. This region was represented in multiple independent components, suggesting it functions as a network hub for this type of learning. Moreover, the results suggest that subnetworks activated by statistical learning are driven by the nature of the input, rather than reflecting a general statistical learning system.