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The Tripartite Integration Model of Social Influence (TIMSI), is a revision of the classic Herbert Kelman theory of social influence and seeks to provide a theoretical foundation to better understand why racial/ethnic disparities continue to exist within higher education (Estrada, Woodcock, Hernandez, & Schultz, 2011). Using Kelman's model of compliance, identification, and internalization, this revised model suggests that students integrate into academia through these three orientations, renamed rule, role, and value. The rule orientation suggests that students are socialized into the academic community through feedback provided when the student succeeds, thus guiding performance. Through this feedback loop, students comply with the expectations of a student. Later the student will identify with this role and at this point, the individual's personal and academic identity begins to strongly overlap. Finally, students begin to internalize their student identity. At this point, the individual's values are the same as the values of a student. This process can be seen as a process of integration through social influence. The current study had two main purposes. The first purpose of the study was to determine whether or not the Implicit Associations Test (IAT) could successfully differentiate between the rule and value orientations. The second purpose of this study was to further develop the TIMSI model and determine how it applied to the samples in this study, using this new theory. African American, Latino, and white college students were recruited from two universities to complete a survey and an implicit measure of student identity. The current study examined the relationship between the TIMSI and the student identity IAT, as well as Academic Self-concept, Study Strategies, Coping Strategies, Implicit Theories of Intelligence, and Multi-Ethnic Identity. Results indicated that, as predicted, only value orientation was related to the student identity IAT. This study also examined differences in predictive models for GPA and institutional commitment based on race/ethnicity. Results of this study suggest there are significant differences based on race/ethnic groups in predicting GPA. For all groups, GPA was significantly predicted by Academic Self-concept, however, for the African American sample, the IAT score was also a significant predictor and for the Latino population, the Surface Processing Study Strategy was also a significant predictor. Conversely, role orientation was the sole predictor of institutional commitment across all racial/ethnic groups. Differences were also detected between race/ethnic groups in their rule orientation. Implications of these results are discussed in relation to efforts to enhance student retention and success.

With racism driving perinatal health disparities, antiracist tools and trainings are necessary for WIC nutrition professionals who serve as frontline providers for Black and Indigenous families of color. Black families, in particular, are the most likely to experience harms from discrimination in health care and health services, even from well-intentioned providers in caring professions. This thesis investigates the role of racism, both interpersonal and structural, and how it may influence WIC enrollment, participation and culture of care. After providing a basic overview about WIC including recent participation and demographic statistics and trends, I share my own ethnographic observations and reflections on my positionality in the WIC clinic setting. I review research on the most commonly identified barriers to and benefits from WIC participation, including how those benefits intersect with contributing factors in the crisis in Black perinatal health in the United States, and make the case for including experiences of bias and racism as an overlooked barrier. With a focus on improving the client experience, I use an urban bioethics lens to inform strategies (including antiracism training for WIC staff) to increase and sustain WIC participation and the concomitant benefits participation can incur, particularly for Black mothers and birthing people and their families. I review the literature that informed our training, describe key components of the training, and summarize the findings from the evaluation and assessment of the WIC nutrition professionals who attended. Lastly, I posit how the convergence of COVID-19 and the racial justice uprisings of 2020, both accelerated the acceptance of the need for innovations in how WIC is implemented, and created the conditions to facilitate rapid changes towards more equitable policies and procedures at both the local and federal level. Many of these changes were previously thought to be desirable but unattainable, and I reflect on the need to seize this opportunity to intentionally build upon that progress by applying a racial equity framework to envision a post-pandemic WIC. / Urban Bioethics

In an investigation of whether Goffman’s (1963) concept of the stigma of race is still relevant in understanding current social attitudes in 21st century America, this dissertation examines the link between Goffman’s (1963) concept of the stigma of race and research focused primarily on racism and prejudice. Six research questions examined different aspects of social attitudes among Americans: their view of people of other races, judgments toward those of minority racial groups, intergroup communication between people from different racial backgrounds, the influence of the media and other information sources, and the extent of the relationship between stigma and racism. The research included a between-subjects experimental design, Implicit Association Tests, and racism measures, including the social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, old-fashioned and modern racism, and blatant dehumanization scales, along with the stigma dimensions developed by Bresnahan and Zhuang (2011). Based on the findings, this study proposed new racial stigma dimensions to study the stigma of race. This study contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding around issues of stigma and race in the United States, has practical suggestions that may help guide the way to dismantle the forces that perpetuate the stigma of race, and provides encouragement to continue to seek a pathway to better intergroup communication, acceptance of diverse groups, and social equity. / Media & Communication

The purpose of this study was to better understand the way that intersectional identities affect one's perception of one's healthcare experience. Many previous studies focus on one facet of the minority experience, such as race or sexual orientation, and even then, limit it to a comparison between the majority population and one small subsection of the population of interest (ex: studying only African-Americans as racial minorities and disregarding other minority races). This study was more of a broad survey that sought to account for the unique intersection of different minority identities that one may possess and which ultimately affects how they are perceived and treated in society. This study surveyed 115, primarily college-aged, participants that fell into one of four categories: White/Caucasian and Cisgender/Heterosexual, White/Caucasian and LGBTQ+, Racial Minority and Cisgender/Heterosexual, and Racial Minority and LGBTQ+. Participants were asked to complete an open-ended survey and a Likert scale to rate and review their experiences with healthcare in general, and in regards to their identity. Results showed that although minority participants, especially those who were double minorities (racial minority and LGBTQ+) did not always explicitly express being discriminated against, they often showed it through other ways, such as being more likely to report distrust of their healthcare provider or an unwillingness to seek healthcare despite possessing health concerns. LGBTQ+ individuals were also much more likely to report discriminatory practices in healthcare than racial minorities or the majority group on a statistically significant level. This indicates that minority identities predispose individuals to lower quality of care and this health discrepancy manifests at different intensities based on an individual's specific minority makeup.

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Uppsatsen är dels ett teoretisk försök att förstå den läroprocess som äger rum när en individ bygger förtrogenhet inom ett speciellt fält, en kunskap som inte var avsedd hos individen och som ofta personen är helt omedveten om att den besitter. I syfte att vidga kunskapsbegreppet följer ett närmande av hur vi kan förstå ett icke-intenderat implicit lärande ur ett socialt och ett kognitivt perspektiv. En utgångspunkt är att vad vi minns är beroende av en inkodningsprocess - en procedur som omvandlar något en person ser, hör, tänker eller känner till ett minne. För att impulser vi möter ska bearbetas i arbetsminnet och lagras i det explicita minnet krävs att informationen är särskilt levande eller betydelsefull för oss. Men vår hjärna innehåller även ett annat typ av minne; ett implicit minne. Utan att vi själva upptäcker det, lagras också information som ständigt upprepas runt i kring oss. Ofta är informationen en del av ett mönster, ett mönster som vi ständigt möter och som så småningom bildar ett schema i vårt minne. Ett schema som vi sedan oreflekterat använder oss av i vårt dagliga liv. Dessa scheman innebär en kategorisering av verkligheten, och de innehåller även förväntningar om vad som följer på vad i olika situationer. De kan delvis vara kollektiva scheman; olika individer lär sig ungefär samma beteende och utför samma handlingar, om de vistas i samma kontexter.Det utmärkande draget för implicit minne är att det visar sig i det vi gör, i stället för att komma till uttryck i medvetna beskrivningar. Det som kännetecknar implicit minne är att en handling inte kräver medveten uppmärksamhet eller mental ansträngning utan handlingen sker med hjälp av automatiska informationsprocesser. Ofta är schemat kopplat till vårt känslocenter vilket innebär att vissa handlingar känns rätt eller fel i magen när vi utför dem. Det vi till vardags kallar intuition eller magkänsla är alltså ett resultat av implicit lärande.Utgångspunkten för uppsatsens undersökning är att narrativa mönster återkommer i vår omgivning och att vi bygger upp implicita scheman för berättande genom att konsumera film och litteratur. Genom att följa processen och titta på resultatet i ett novellskrivande och ett filmskapande, analyseras om elevernas handlingar utgår från rationella eller intuitiva val. Det visar sig att eleverna inte rationellt kan förklara sina handlingar utan styrs mycket av magkänsla, samtidigt som deras verk visar sig vara genomsyrade av klassiska narrativa strukturer och kända berättaringredienser. Med detta i åtanke diskuteras hur vi inom det pedagogiska fältet bättre kan ta till vara på elevernas implicita kunskaper och växelverkan mellan det rationella och intuitiva, samt hur vi didaktiskt skulle kunna utnyttja den implicita läroprocessen.

<p>Although performance management (PM) is a common, vital system used in most organizations, both supervisors and employees have been routinely disappointed with PM experiences, despite extensive research. Recent studies have identified certain individual differences that impact PM effectiveness. Specifically, the inclination to believe that one’s core traits are either malleable (an incremental mindset; high IPT) or fixed (an entity mindset; low IPT), a concept called "implicit person theory" (IPT), predicts many important supervisor behaviors that subsequently influence employee’s behaviors and attitudes. Furthermore, there is substantial support indicating that employee IPT also predicts their own performance, behaviors, and attitudes. This research shows the many benefits of having ahigh IPTover a low IPT.In this study, Iexamined the matching or mismatching IPT between employees and their respective supervisors and whether this differentially predicts employee attitudes that relate to PM. Responses weregathered from 211 participants. In an initial survey, participants were asked to report their IPT and their perceptions of their supervisor’s IPT. Two days later, participants reportedtheir perceptions of procedural justice, satisfaction with PM, and motivation to improve performance. Employee perceptions of procedural justice and satisfaction were combined into a single measure measuring general affective reactionsto PM, after an exploratory factor analysisrevealed the two outcomes loaded onto a single factor. PROCESS Model 1 was used to examine the centralhypothesis. Ifound significant interactions of employee and supervisor IPT onmotivation and affective reactionsto PM. The relationship between employee IPT and motivation was positive and strongest when supervisors had ahigh IPT, and was positive but weaker when supervisors had a low IPT. Interestingly, the relationship between employee IPT and affective reactions was negative when supervisors had alow IPT, such that low IPTemployees reported better affective reactions to PM when they perceived theirsupervisorsto have a low IPTrather than a high IPT.This research contributes to the literature by demonstrating the nuances of how IPT predicts employee outcomes. Organizations can benefit from this research by increasing awareness of one’s IPT and implementing cultural changes alongside interventions to increase favorable outcomes.</p>

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) has multiple health and social consequences which negatively affect individuals’ lives. However, the decision to utilize treatment is influenced by a variety of social factors. The stigma associated with AUD may impact individuals’ willingness to seek treatment after drinking is viewed as an issue. A highly stigmatized disorder, perceptions of AUD may be influenced by medical/moral lay theories, responsibility attributions and implicit theories. Once treatment is sought, support from others during the recovery process has been associated with treatment retention rates and success. Lay recovery beliefs, such as change perceptions, influence the amount of support offered to individuals during treatment. 249 college students completed assessments to measure their beliefs regarding medical/moral lay theories, responsibility attributions and implicit theories for AUD. Participants also completed questionnaires on social distance and perceptions of change. This study’s results indicate that medical/moral lay theories and responsibility attributions are linked to stigmatizing attitudes towards AUD. Responsibility attributions and implicit theories interact to influence stigma. It was also found that perceived likelihood of change is influenced by responsibility attributions, while perceived possibility of change is linked to medical/moral lay theories, responsibility attributions and implicit theories. Such relationships between the evaluated lay beliefs and stigmatizing attitudes may have important implications for programs aimed to reduce negative attitudes towards AUD.