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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Dry Reforming of Methane to Produce Syngas over Ni-Based Bimodal Pore Catalysts

Bao, Zhenghong 08 December 2017 (has links)
Dry reforming of methane is an important reaction to generate syngas from two greenhouse gases. The syngas can be used in Fishcher-Tropsch synthesis to produce valueded chemicals. Chapter I reviews the catalytic conversion of methane and carbon dioxide to syngas, including DRM reaction chemistry, catalysts used in this process, catalyst deactivation, and the kinetics of DRM reaction. Chapter II discusses the development of bimodal pore NiCeMgAl catalysts for DRM reaction. Bimodal pore NiCeMgAl catalysts were synthesized via the refluxed co-precipitation method and systematically investigated the influence of active metal loading, calcination temperature, reduction temperature and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) on the catalytic performance of DRM reaction. The Ni15CeMgAl sample with 15 wt% NiO loading was found to be active enough at 750 °C with a high CH4 conversion of 96.5%. The proper reduction temperature for the NiCeMgAl catalyst is either 550–650 °C or 850 °C. Higher calcination temperature favors the formation of NiAl2O4 and MgAl2O4 spinel structures. Compared with non-bimodal pore NiCeMgAl catalyst, bimodal pore NiCeMgAl catalyst has a longer stability in the feed gas without dilution. In chapter III, the kinetic behavior of bimodal pore NiCeMgAl catalyst for DRM reaction was investigated after the elimination of external and internal diffusion effects in a fixed-bed reactor as a function of temperature and partial pressures of reactants and products. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was developed assuming that the carbon deposition is ignorable but the RWGS reaction is non-ignorable and the removal of adsorbed carbon intermediate is the rate-determining step. A nonlinear least-square method was applied to solve the kinetic parameters. The derived kinetic expression fits the experimental data very well with a R2 above 0.97, and predicts the products flow rate satisfactorily. Chapter IV documents the results of in situ XRD study on the NiMgAl catalyst for DRM reaction. The phase evolution of a NiMgAl oxide catalyst at the reduction stage was qualitatively analysed and quantitatively determined by employing the continuous changes in XRD intensity and TPR information. The stable crystallite size of both active metal and spinel support is responsible for the long stability of NiMgAl catalyst without carbon deposition during the DRM reaction.
2

In Situ Heating During XRD Measurements as a Method to Study Recrystallisation of Aluminium Alloy AA3003

Bäckström, Louise January 2018 (has links)
Recrystallisation is an important topic in the metal industry since the process may drastically alter the properties of the materials subjected to it. By controlling the recrystallisation process, the material properties can be adjusted as desired, which could lead to stronger materials and hence lighter constructions, decreasing our material consumption. This is currently regulated using softening curves complied from tensile tests, a method which does not show the degree of recrystallisation of a metal. This thesis work therefore explores the possibility to characterise the recrystallisation process using in situ X-ray diffraction, XRD, during heating.The method proposed is using in situ heat treatments of aluminium samples combined with XRD measurements. The results show that it is possible to follow the recrystallisation process of rolled aluminium alloy AA3003 by using in situ XRD during heating, a discovery that could facilitate development and understanding of new materials. Nevertheless, further investigations of the subject is required before the method will be profitable. / Rekristallisation är ett viktigt ämne inom metallindustrin, detta eftersom materialegenskaper drastiskt kan förändras under rekristallisationsprocessen. Genom att kontrollera rekristallisationsprocessen kan materialegenskaper skräddarsys efter applikation. Även starkare material kan tillverkas och därav kan lättare strukturer konstrueras och på så vis minskar även materialåtgången. Idag regleras rekristallisation med hjälp av mjukningskurvor sammanställda genom dragprov, en metod som inte kan visa rekristallisationsgraden av en metall. Detta examensarbete utforskar möjligheten att karaktärisera rekristallisationsprocessen genom att använda in situ röntgendiffraktion, XRD, under värmningsprocessen.Den framtagna metoden inkluderar in situ värmebehandlingar av aluminiumprover i kombination med XRD-mätningar. De erhållna resultaten från experimenten visar på att det är fullt möjligt att följa rekristallisationsprocessen av aluminiumlegering AA3003 med in situ XRD, en upptäckt som kan komma att underlätta vid utveckling och förståelse av legeringar och nya material. Dock krävs fortsatta studier i ämnet innan metoden kan anses vara lönsam.
3

Phases et nouveaux composés à base de magnésium pour le stockage de l'hydrogène / Laves phases and new compounds based on magnesium for hydrogen storage application

Petrache, Cristina Luliana 24 October 2008 (has links)
Ce mémoire de thèse concerne l’étude des composés ternaires Terre rare–magnésium–nickel utilisable pour le stockage de l’hydrogène. Ces composés ont été obtenus par fusion ou par mécanosynthèse. Les intermétalliques YNi4-xAlxMg, dérivant des phases de Laves de structure cubique ont été étudiés. Ils réagissent de manière réversible avec l’hydrogène à P et T ambiantes. Le comportement structural lors d’une hydruration a été étudié par DRX in situ. Le composé conserve sa symétrie cubique mais avec diminution de la cristallinité. Cette étude est complétée par l’étude de composés : (i) riche en terre rare (e.g. Gd4NiMg) qui absorbe l’hydrogène à température ambiante de manière irréversible. La structure de l’intermétallique et de l’hydrure sont déterminées. La décomposition de l’hydrure à température supérieure à 90°C est expliquée. (ii) riche en magnésium. Nous avons pu identifié un nouveau composé de formulation proche de Mg77Gd9Ni14.5 de structure CFC. / This work deals with the study of ternary compounds Rare Earth – magnesium - nickel used ofr hydrogen storage. All the compounds are prepared by fusion and by mechanical alloying method.. The compounds YNi4-xAlxMg, derived from the cubic Laves phases have been studied in the first part. It reacts reversibly towards hydrogen at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The structural behaviour during the hydrogen sorption has been studied by in situ XRD. The compound remains cubic with a decrease of the crystallinity. This study is completed by the study of compounds : (i) rich in rare earth (e.g. Gd4NiMg) that absorb hydrogen at room temperature but irreversibly. Structures of both the intermetallic and the hydride have been determined. The decomposition of the hydride at temperature higher than 90°C is also explained. (ii) rich in magnesium. A new compounds with a formulation closed to Mg77Gd9Ni14.5 has been identified and it crystallized with a cubic faces centred structure.
4

Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions with Lower Hydrocarbons for Natural gas-fired Lean-burn Engines

Sinha Majumdar, Sreshtha January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
5

Etude de la diffusion réactive entre Mn et Ge à l'échelle nanométrique pour des applications en spintronique / Study of reactive diffusion between Mn and Ge at the nanoscale for spintronic applications

Abbes, Omar 28 February 2013 (has links)
Le couplage des propriétés ferromagnétiques et semiconductrices représente une perspective prometteuse, afin de réaliser des technologies qui exploitent le spin des électrons. Ceci permettra de stocker et traiter des bits informatiques de façon instantanée dans le même dispositif, plutôt que dans des dispositifs séparés (mémoire et processeur). La Spintronique pourrait alors révolutionner la technologie de l'information. Un candidat potentiel pour la fabrication d'hétérostructures métal ferromagnétique/semiconducteur pour des applications en Spintronique, est le système Mn-Ge. Ce système qui est compatible avec la technologie CMOS, présente une phase intéressante pour la Spintronique qui est Mn5Ge3, avec une possibilité d'épitaxie sur le Ge(111). Afin d'intégrer cette phase dans des procédés de fabrication, nous étudions la diffusion réactive à l'état solide entre un film de Mn et un substrat de Ge (comme dans le cas de la formation des siliciures dans la technologie CMOS). L'accent a été mis sur la séquence de formation de phases lors de la réaction entre un film nanométrique de Mn et le Ge, l'influence de l'interface sur cette réaction, et sur la diffusion du Mn dans le Ge. L'incorporation du carbone dans des films minces de Mn5Ge3 a montré une augmentation notable de la température de Curie : nous présentons alors l'effet du carbone sur la réaction Mn-Ge, et sa redistribution dans les couches minces MnxGey. / Coupling ferromagnetic and semi-conducting properties represents a pathway toward producing technologies that exploit the spin of electrons. That would allow store and process computer bits instantly in a same device, rather than separate devices (memory and CPU). The Spintronics could then revolutionize the information technology. A potential candidate for the fabrication of heterostructures ferromagnetic metal / semiconductor for Spintronics applications is the Mn-Ge system. This system is compatible with CMOS technology, and presents an interesting phase for Spintronics which is Mn5Ge3 phase, which is able to be grown epitaxially on Ge(111). To integrate this phase in the manufacturing process, we study the solid state reactive diffusion between a thin Mn film and Ge substrate, to form a germanide upon the Ge substrate (as in the case of the formation of silicides in CMOS technology). Emphasis was placed on the sequence of phase formation during the reaction between a 50 nm thick Mn film and Ge, the influence of the interface on the reaction, and the diffusion of Mn in Ge. Incorporation of carbon in thin Mn5Ge3 films showed a significant increase in the Curie temperature, we then present the effect of carbon on the reaction Mn-Ge and its redistribution in thin MnxGey films.
6

Etude structurale d’aluminosilicates de calcium : application à la valorisation de déchets amiantés pour le stockage thermique d’énergie solaire / Structural characterization of calcium aluminosilicates : development of asbestos-containing wastes ceramics for thermal storage of solar energy

Lambert, Julien 12 April 2013 (has links)
L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’établir les relations entre les propriétés structurales et les conditions d’élaboration d’un vitrifiat de déchets amiantés (nom commercial Cofalit®), dans la perspective de fabriquer un prototype de module de stockage thermique d’énergie solaire. Malgré des provenances de déchets très diverses, les variations de compositions du vitrifiat restent limitées. Les conditions d’élaboration (de refroidissement en particulier) induisent par contre d’importantes disparités dans la microstructure. L’analyse d’une carotte de Cofalit nous a permis de déterminer les mécanismes de cristallisation lors de la fabrication du Cofalit (refroidissement non contrôlé), conduisant à un mélange de phases cristallisées et vitreuse. Nous avons étudié les propriétés structurales (par DRX et RMN) et de cristallisation d’échantillons modèles représentatifs du matériau industriel. Les variations de composition observées sur celui-ci ont été simulées par des ajouts de silice ou de chaux. L’influence de la teneur en fer sur les propriétés radiatives, structurales (verres et céramiques) et de cristallisation a également été quantifiée. Le suivi de la cristallisation séquentielle des céramiques a été effectué par DRX in situ à haute température, à partir de l’état vitreux et à partir de l’état liquide lors du refroidissement. Ces essais ont montré que le Cofalit cristallise complètement pour des vitesses de refroidissement inférieures à 10 K/min. La stabilité du Cofalit (au niveau structural) lors de recuits à hautes températures a également été démontrée. / The aim of this work is to establish relationships between structural properties and production conditions of a vitrified asbestos-containing wastes ceramics (commercially named Cofalit®), with the goal of elaborating a prototype for thermal energy storage of solar energy. Despite various waste sources, the variations of composition observed for this material are limited. On the contrary, the production conditions (cooling stage in particular) induce important differences in the material microstructure. The analysis of a Cofalit core sample allowed us to determine the crystallisation mechanisms during its fabrication process (uncontrolled cooling), leading to a mixture of vitreous and crystalline phases. We propose a structural study (by XRD and NMR) and crystallization properties analyses of synthetic samples, representative of the industrial material. Observed variations of composition on the latter are simulated by additions of silica and lime. The influence of iron oxide content on radiative, structural and crystallization properties (of both glass and ceramic samples) have also been investigated. The following of the sequential crystallisation of ceramic samples has finally been performed using in situ high temperature XRD, from glassy state and during cooling from liquid state. These tests show that the Cofalit crystallizes completely for rates lower than 10 K/min. The high temperature stability on a structural level has also been demonstrated during annealings.

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