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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Modélisation et simulation de l'atmosphère d'une enceinte membranaire pour des tests de toxicité / Modeling and simulation of the atmosphere of a membrane enclosure for toxicity tests

Stoian, Alina 02 April 2012 (has links)
Un problème fondamental pendant l'évaluation in vitro de la toxicité de composés organiques volatils (COVs) est le manque de connaissance de l'évolution de la concentration des COVs à laquelle les systèmes vivants sont exposés au cours des études expérimentales. Ce travail présente un nouveau dispositif expérimental conçu pour étudier l'exposition des systèmes vivants aux COVs. Le dispositif est formé de deux compartiments séparés par une membrane hydrophobe poreuse et permet des durées relativement longues de manipulations sans restreindre la respiration cellulaire. Une modélisation théorique qui couple la conservation de masse et du moment entre les différentes phases et la respiration des cellules hybridomes (ATCC CRL-1606) au sein du dispositif a été développée. Le modèle permet de prédire l'évolution de la concentration des COVs, de l'oxygène et du dioxyde de carbone dans le dispositif. Les résultats simulés pour le transfert des COVs ont revélé une bonne concordance avec les résultats expérimentaux et ont montré que le type de membrane et son diamètre, le coefficient de partage des COVs et la hauteur de la phase liquide ont une influence significative sur l'évolution de la concentration de ceux-ci dans la phase liquide. Néanmoins la disponibilité de l'oxygène au niveau des cellules dépend principalement de la densité cellulaire initiale, de la vitesse spécifique de consommation de ce gaz et de la hauteur du liquide alors que les paramètres liés à la membrane ont une influence sur le contrôle du pH. / A major problem during in vitro evaluation of the toxicity of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is the lack of knowledge of the evolution of the concentration of such compounds during the course of experimental studies with living systems. This work presents the design of a novel experimental device for the study of cell culture exposure to VOCs. The device is made of two compartments separated by a porous hydrophobic membrane and allows relatively long durations of handling without restricting cellular breathing. A theoretical modeling which couples mass and moment conservation between the different phases inside the device with the breathing kinetics of hybridoma cells (ATCC CRL-1606) was developed. The model allows predicting the evolution of the concentration of the VOCs, the oxygen and the carbon dioxide inside the device. The simulations of the mass transfer of the VOCs simulated presented a good agreement with experiments and showed that the type of membrane and its diameter, the VOCs partition coefficient and the height of the liquid phase have a significant influence on the evolution of their concentration in the liquid phase. Nevertheless, the availability of oxygen for the cells depends mainly on the initial cellular density, the specific kinetics of consumption of this gas and on the height of the liquid phase, whereas the parameters related to membrane have an influence on the control of the pH.
12

Efeito acaricida in vitro de extratos de Baccharis trimera Vernonia nudiflora, e Eupatorium buniifolium (Asterales: Asteraceae) em larvas e adultos de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) / Acaricide in vitro effect of Vernonia nudiflora, Baccharis trimera and Eupatorium buniifolium (Asterales: Asteraceae) extracts in larvae and adults of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Farias, Juliana Antunes 10 July 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA14MA147.pdf: 1952248 bytes, checksum: 65c75c63c1e7587bc9ef0f1e1a53f8c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is an ectoparasite, hematophagous and monoxenous, whose preferential host are the bovines, is one of the major obstacles for cattle raising production due to economic damages from its parasitism. Throughout Brazil, and in the wide area where pampa biome is, cattle raising plays a key role in economy development. The present project aimed to explore the potential of the pampa biome native flora by investigating the in vitro acaricide effect of Baccharis trimera, Vernonia nudiflora and Eupatorium buniifolium extracts for the control of R. (B.) microplus. Previous tests were needed to evaluate the sensitivity of the strain of R. (B.) microplus used in the study, in commercial basis, also the polysorbate 80 to use it as a solvent of the extracts and three techniques of immersion of larvae using syringes were simultaneously evaluated . It was found that polysorbate 80 at 5% and 10% did not cause mortality rates higher than 3.5% in larvae and engorged females so that it can be used in tests with different instar R. (B.) microplus. Experiment 1 was conducted to compare two new modifications of the Immersion Test Larvae in Syringes original technique (T1), the first modification using 100 larvae and a five-minute immersion (T2), the second consisted in the addition of 2 mL of acaricide solution, 30 seconds immersion in syringes without side hole (T3). There was no statistical difference between techniques, however, due to a better practicality of the technique described by (T3) and reviewers, we chose to use this methodology in essays with plant extracts. Experiment 2 was accomplished to evaluate the acaricidal activity of aqueous extracts, methanol and hexane of V. nudiflora, B. trimera and E. buniifolium in engorged females and larvae of R. (B.) microplus. The use of hexane and methanol extracts of B. trimera induced 38.96% and 52.02% mortality of larvae at the highest concentration tested 25600 μg.mL-1. In engorged females, we observed efficacy V. nudiflora field and B. trimera methanol extracts around 30% at concentrations of 12800 and 1600 μg.mL-1, respectively. The extracts of E. buniifolium and aqueous extracts did not show acaricidal activity. The results indicate acaricide potential of methanol and hexane extracts of gorse in R. (B.) microplus / O carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é um ectoparasito, hematófago e monóxeno, cujo hospedeiro preferencial é o bovino, sendo um dos grandes entraves para a produção pecuária devido aos prejuízos econômicos decorrentes de seu parasitismo. Em todo o Brasil, e na vasta área onde se estabelece o Bioma Pampa, a pecuária desempenha um papel primordial no desenvolvimento da economia. A realização desse projeto teve como proposta explorar o potencial da flora nativa do Bioma Pampa, investigando o efeito acaricida in vitro de extratos de Baccharis trimera, Vernonia nudiflora e Eupatorium buniifolium em R. (B.) microplus. Ensaios preliminares foram necessários para avaliar a sensibilidade da cepa de R. (B.) microplus, usada no estudo, a bases comerciais, também ao polissorbato 80 para uso deste como solvente dos extratos e foi avaliado simultaneamente três técnicas de imersão de larvas utilizando seringas. Verificou-se que, o polissorbato 80 a 5% e a 10% não provocou mortalidade superior a 3,5% em larvas e teleóginas podendo ser utilizado em testes com diferentes ínstares de R. (B.) microplus. O experimento 1 foi realizado com objetivo de comparar duas novas modificações da técnica original (T1) do Teste de Imersão de Larvas em Seringas, sendo a primeira modificação a utilização de 100 larvas e o tempo de imersão para cinco minutos (T2), a segunda consistiu na adição de 2 mL de solução acaricida, tempo de imersão de 30 segundos em seringas sem orifício lateral (T3). Não houve diferença estatística entre as técnicas, porém, devido à maior praticidade de execução da técnica descrita por (T3), optou-se por usar esta metodologia nos ensaios com extratos de plantas. O experimento 2 foi realizado para avaliar a atividade acaricida dos extratos aquosos, metanólicos e hexânicos de B. trimera, V. nudiflora, e E. buniifolium em larvas e adultos de R. (B.) microplus. A utilização dos extratos metanólicos e hexânicos de B. trimera induziram 38,96% e 52,02% de mortalidade de larvas na maior concentração testada 25600 μg.mL-1. Em teleóginas, observou-se eficácia do extrato metanólico de V. nudiflora e de B. trimera próximo de 30%, nas concentrações de 12800 e 1600 μg.mL-1, respectivamente. Os extratos de E. buniifolium e os extratos aquosos não apresentaram atividade acaricida. Os resultados indicam potencial acaricida dos extratos metanólico e hexânico de B. trimera em R. (B.) microplus
13

Desenvolvimento de um biomaterial composto de poliuretano e microfibra de biovidro 45S5 em gradiente funcional para reparo de cartilagem articular: estudos in vitro e in vivo / Development of a biomaterial composed of polyurethane and bioglass microfiber in gradient functional to repair articular cartilage: in vitro and in vivo studies

Laurenti, Karen Cristina 06 September 2011 (has links)
A cartilagem articular é um tema amplamente discutido na literatura por meio de vários estudos e pesquisas. Com o presente estudo, busca-se uma proposta inovadora e original no uso de um biomaterial composto e o desenvolvimento de uma cartilagem artificial que aja como coxim elástico, apresentando características de gel fibro-reforçado com finalidade biomimética mecânica que imite o comportamento da cartilagem articular. Foi conceituado um implante que tivesse uma superfície tribológica para contato com a cartilagem do platô tibial e gradualmente se convertesse em região osteo-integrável para fixação mecânica no osso subcondral. Foi desenvolvido um biomaterial composto por poliuretano e microfibra de biovidro 45S5 em gradiente funcional que foi obtido e validado através de ensaios in vitro, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e análise histológica. Nos testes in vitro seja na condição de citotoxicidade direta ou indireta, notou-se que a quantidade de células foi estatisticamente semelhante ao controle negativo, e estatisticamente diferente do controle positivo indicando que o biomaterial composto de poliuretano e microfibra de biovidro 45S5 apresentou não toxicidade direta ou indireta da amostra e ainda promoveram o crescimento e o espalhamento celular, resultados que o habilitaram para a continuidade nos estudos com experimentos in vivo com coelhos. O material foi manufaturado para aplicação em defeitos osteocondrais de coelhos medindo 3mm de diâmetro e 4mm de profundidade que foi realizado na região central da tróclea femoral. Após períodos experimentais de 15, 30 e 90 dias as análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostrou na região distal da superfície tribológica uma neo-formação de uma estrutura semelhante as trabéculas ósseas que foi considerada biomimética confirmadas por análises histológicas, e na região proximal à superfície tribológica a presença de tecido fibrocartilaginoso com condrócitos e ricamente vascularizado, validando com sucesso o conceito proposto para o implante. / Articular cartilage has been widely discussed in the literature by means of several studies and researches. The present thesis reports on an innovative and original proposal to use a biomaterial compound and the development of an artificial cartilage that acts as a cushion rubber with characteristics of fiber-reinforced gel with biomimetic mechanical purpose mimicking the behavior of articular cartilage. An implant with a tribological surface for contact with the cartilage of the tibial plateau was designed. It should gradually turn into an osteo-integrable region for mechanical fixation in the subchondral bone. A biomaterial composed of polyurethane and bioglass microfiber in functional gradient was then developed and validated by scanning electron microscopy and histological analysis through in vitro tests. Under either direct or indirect cytotoxicity conditions, the tests showed that the amount of cells is statistically similar to negative control and statistically different from the positive control, indicating that the biomaterial composed of polyurethane and bioglass microfiber showed no direct or indirect toxicity and promoted cell growth and spreading. Such results allowed continuing the studies with in vivo experiments with rabbits. The material was manufactured for use in 3mm diameter and 4mm depth osteochondral defects in the central region of the femoral trochlea of rabbits. After experimental periods of 15, 30 and 90 days, the scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a neo-formation of a structure similar to trabecular bones on the tribological surface in the distal region. This neo-formation was considered biomimetic, confirmed by both histological analysis and the presence of richly vascularized fibrocartilaginous tissues with chondrocytes in the region proximal to the tribological surface.
14

Arcabouços 3D (Scaffolds) à base de poli (hidroxibutirato), quitosana e fibroína da seda para engenharia tecidual / 3D scaffolds based on poly (hydroxibutirate), chitosan and silk fibroin for tissue engineering

Macedo, Maria Erisfagna Ribeiro de 02 March 2017 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Materials based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), chitosan (CHI) and fibroin (SF) are biocompatible and attractive for applications in bone tissue engineering. In this work, 3D scaffolds of PHB/CHI and PHB/CHI/SF in different proportions was prepared, characterized and evaluated the in vitro behavior: group I: PHB/CHI (50:50 wt.%), group II: PHB/CHI/SF (50:45:5 wt.%) and group III: PHB/CHI/SF (50:35:15 wt.%). The scaffolds were produced by the lyophilization method of the components mixtures. The physical-chemical characterization of the scaffolds was performed by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. A highly porous nature was revealed by SEM analysis of the scaffolds. The FTIR analysis revealed that the constituents used in the preparation of the scaffolds interacted chemically with each other. Thermal analysis showed that fibroin increases the thermal stability of the scaffolds. The viability and cell proliferation were assessed by the MTT method and the cytotoxicity results showed that all scaffolds are non- cytotoxic. In addition, the scaffolds stimulated cell proliferation and are promising for tissue engineering applications. / Materiais à base de polihidroxibutirato (PHB), quitosana (QUI) e fibroína (SF) são biocompatíveis e atrativos para aplicações na engenharia tecidual óssea. Neste trabalho foi preparado, caracterizado e avaliado o comportamento in vitro de arcabouços 3D de PHB/QUI/SF em diferentes proporções: grupo I: PHB/QUI (50:50 % em massa), grupo II-PHB/QUI/SF (50:45:5 % em massa) e grupo III- PHB/QUI/SF (50: 35:15 % em massa). Os arcabouços foram produzidos pelo método da liofilização das misturas dos componentes dos três grupos. A caracterização físico-química dos arcabouços foi realizada por difração de raios X, espectroscopia no infravermelho, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e análise termogravimétrica. A análise de MEV mostrou que os arcabouços 3D apresentam uma boa porosidade. Por FTIR observou- se que os componentes utilizados na preparação dos arcabouços interagiram quimicamente entre si. As análises térmicas indicam que a fibroína aumenta a estabilidade térmica dos arcabouços. A viabilidade e a proliferação celular foram avaliadas pelo método do MTT e os resultados de citotoxicidade mostraram que ambos os arcabouços não são citotóxicos. Além disso, os arcabouços estimularam a proliferação celular, sendo promissores para aplicações em engenharia tecidual.
15

Desenvolvimento de um biomaterial composto de poliuretano e microfibra de biovidro 45S5 em gradiente funcional para reparo de cartilagem articular: estudos in vitro e in vivo / Development of a biomaterial composed of polyurethane and bioglass microfiber in gradient functional to repair articular cartilage: in vitro and in vivo studies

Karen Cristina Laurenti 06 September 2011 (has links)
A cartilagem articular é um tema amplamente discutido na literatura por meio de vários estudos e pesquisas. Com o presente estudo, busca-se uma proposta inovadora e original no uso de um biomaterial composto e o desenvolvimento de uma cartilagem artificial que aja como coxim elástico, apresentando características de gel fibro-reforçado com finalidade biomimética mecânica que imite o comportamento da cartilagem articular. Foi conceituado um implante que tivesse uma superfície tribológica para contato com a cartilagem do platô tibial e gradualmente se convertesse em região osteo-integrável para fixação mecânica no osso subcondral. Foi desenvolvido um biomaterial composto por poliuretano e microfibra de biovidro 45S5 em gradiente funcional que foi obtido e validado através de ensaios in vitro, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e análise histológica. Nos testes in vitro seja na condição de citotoxicidade direta ou indireta, notou-se que a quantidade de células foi estatisticamente semelhante ao controle negativo, e estatisticamente diferente do controle positivo indicando que o biomaterial composto de poliuretano e microfibra de biovidro 45S5 apresentou não toxicidade direta ou indireta da amostra e ainda promoveram o crescimento e o espalhamento celular, resultados que o habilitaram para a continuidade nos estudos com experimentos in vivo com coelhos. O material foi manufaturado para aplicação em defeitos osteocondrais de coelhos medindo 3mm de diâmetro e 4mm de profundidade que foi realizado na região central da tróclea femoral. Após períodos experimentais de 15, 30 e 90 dias as análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostrou na região distal da superfície tribológica uma neo-formação de uma estrutura semelhante as trabéculas ósseas que foi considerada biomimética confirmadas por análises histológicas, e na região proximal à superfície tribológica a presença de tecido fibrocartilaginoso com condrócitos e ricamente vascularizado, validando com sucesso o conceito proposto para o implante. / Articular cartilage has been widely discussed in the literature by means of several studies and researches. The present thesis reports on an innovative and original proposal to use a biomaterial compound and the development of an artificial cartilage that acts as a cushion rubber with characteristics of fiber-reinforced gel with biomimetic mechanical purpose mimicking the behavior of articular cartilage. An implant with a tribological surface for contact with the cartilage of the tibial plateau was designed. It should gradually turn into an osteo-integrable region for mechanical fixation in the subchondral bone. A biomaterial composed of polyurethane and bioglass microfiber in functional gradient was then developed and validated by scanning electron microscopy and histological analysis through in vitro tests. Under either direct or indirect cytotoxicity conditions, the tests showed that the amount of cells is statistically similar to negative control and statistically different from the positive control, indicating that the biomaterial composed of polyurethane and bioglass microfiber showed no direct or indirect toxicity and promoted cell growth and spreading. Such results allowed continuing the studies with in vivo experiments with rabbits. The material was manufactured for use in 3mm diameter and 4mm depth osteochondral defects in the central region of the femoral trochlea of rabbits. After experimental periods of 15, 30 and 90 days, the scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a neo-formation of a structure similar to trabecular bones on the tribological surface in the distal region. This neo-formation was considered biomimetic, confirmed by both histological analysis and the presence of richly vascularized fibrocartilaginous tissues with chondrocytes in the region proximal to the tribological surface.
16

Application of experimental and analytical approaches in characterizing coronary stents

Saqib, Muhammad 29 June 2023 (has links)
Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects every fifth person in the world. The gold-standard treatment for CAD is stent implantation, however, the existing therapy is not sufficient due to many reasons. For instance, in-stent restenosis, biocompatibility, controlled degradation rate, protein adsorption, and adequate endothelialization are still the main concerns. In the last two decades, the field of stent technology has been grown rapidly and many new stent types and in vitro testing methods for stent characterization have been developed to minimize the aforementioned issues. In this vicinity, there are still many unaddressed issues: i) the quantitative analysis of corrosion is conducted with simpler samples made of stent material instead of stents, in most cases due to the absence of a mathematical model to calculate the entire stent surface area (ESSA); ii) in vitro stent testing in environments that are very far from actual physiological environments; iii) Evaluation of the influence of in-vitro test conditions on coated metallic stents; iv) absence of flow-induced shear stress (FISS) corrosion model, to mention a few. This thesis presents the novel ESSA model, the fluid dynamic experimental setup with the integration of various sensors and pH control, the influence of in vitro degradation behavior of the titanium oxynitride (TiOxNy) coated stainless steel stents and anodized AZ31 samples, and the FISS corrosion model. The results show some important contributions in this field, however, there is still a huge potential for the development of promising stent characterization solutions. / Die koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) betrifft jeden fünften Menschen auf der Welt. Der Goldstandard bei der Behandlung von KHK ist die Stent-Implantation, doch die bestehende Therapie ist aus vielen Gründen nicht ausreichend. So sind beispielsweise die Restenose im Stent, die Biokompatibilität, die kontrollierte Abbaugeschwindigkeit, die Proteinadsorption und die angemessene Endothelialisierung nach wie vor die Hauptprobleme. In den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten hat sich die Stenttechnologie rasant weiterentwickelt, und es wurden viele neue Stenttypen und In-vitro-Testmethoden zur Stentcharakterisierung entwickelt, um die oben genannten Probleme zu minimieren. In dieser Umgebung gibt es noch viele ungelöste Probleme: i) die quantitative Analyse der Korrosion wird mit einfacheren Proben aus Stentmaterial anstelle von Stents durchgeführt, in den meisten Fällen aufgrund des Fehlens eines mathematischen Modells zur Berechnung der gesamten Stentoberfläche (ESSA); ii) In-vitro-Stent-Tests in Umgebungen, die sehr weit von der tatsächlichen physiologischen Umgebung entfernt sind; iii) Bewertung des Einflusses von In-vitro-Testbedingungen auf beschichtete metallische Stents; iv) Fehlen eines FISS-Korrosionsmodells (flow-induced shear stress), um nur einige zu nennen. In dieser Arbeit werden das neuartige ESSA-Modell, der strömungsdynamische Versuchsaufbau mit der Integration verschiedener Sensoren und pH-Kontrolle, der Einfluss des In-vitro-Degradationsverhaltens der mit Titanoxynitrid (TiOxNy) beschichteten Edelstahlstents und anodisierten AZ31-Proben sowie das FISS-Korrosionsmodell vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einige wichtige Beiträge in diesem Bereich, jedoch gibt es noch ein großes Potenzial für die Entwicklung von vielversprechenden Lösungen zur Charakterisierung von Stents.

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