The study deals with the causes of unjustified differences in pay between women and men in the banking sector. The purpose of this paper has been to examine how a gender project implemented in the private banking organizations from a gender-and implementation perspective. The aim of the project examined is to even unjustified differences in pay between men and women in the banking and finance sector. The main issues are: ● How has the project been implemented and what are the real and perceived results? ● How can the opportunities and barriers to successful implementation course with emphasis on gender? The method used is a qualitative study, where the empirical material consisted of focus group interviews. The two main conclusions that we can say is : First, the organization's managers needs to take action in practice for implementation to be successful in the organization, otherwise they constitute an obstacle to the implementation of equal pay for equal work. The barrier consists of the implementation cannot be realized without active management actions. From a gender perspective, this can be understood as the prevailing gender structures maintained and thus unwarranted pay differentials. Second, long-term need for equality implementation. A long-term approach is essential , from a gender perspective to gender patterns are deeply rooted in our culture. They are so ingrained in our way of thinking about gender which can´t change in just a few years. It requires long-term and duration to correct overcoming unwarranted pay differentials. Short-term work preserves gender structures and therefore constitutes an obstacle in the implementation of equal pay for equal work by segregating them or become a side issue.

The purpose of the study is to do research on how selected individuals from civil society in Namibia, working with human rights or democracy, see gender equality in a Namibian context and how they regard their own role in the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Interviews have been carried out and grounded theory has been used to analyse the data. Theoretical concepts such as gender equality, civil society and globalization have been used to support the analysis along with theories regarding implementation. Three categories are being presented in the analysis, Theory equality, Distribution of responsibilities, and Male-streaming. The conclusion of the thesis is that the work that is carried out to implement gender equality is not enough.

This study focused on finding a balance between equality and diversity as seemingly opposites, in order to ensure realisation of cultural, linguistic and religious rights in education. In order to reach this goal, it was imperative to illustrate the meaning of the concepts equality, discrimination, culture and diversity in education. Unfolding the meaning of these concepts, as well as determining the scope of the learner's right to culture-specific education, the finding was that equality does not mean identical treatment of all, but rather it implies that a person has the right to be culturally distinguished. The objective of the empirical research was to determine to which extent the learner's cultural, linguistic and religious rights are catered for in schools, also to determine what the educational leaders' attitude is with regard to the subject. The population existed of school principals of public schools in the N3 district in Gauteng of which a sample of 80 principals was randomly chosen. The research was conducted by means of a questionnaire. In conclusion, some of the findings of this study are as follows: The attitude of the principals is in favour of culture specific education, but they do not favour an opinion that such education should lead to seperation of groups. The principals are in favour of mother tongue education and feel that such education will be more effective than education in a foreign language, though they see the implementation of a majority policy as a practicable solution. Principals agree that religion should play a prominent role in education. Cultural differences are being catered for by school cultural activities. Language and religious needs of minority groups are however not accommodated because of the implementation of a majority principle. Educational leaders should be equipped with knowledge and skills to effectively accommodate the cultural, linguistic and religious rights of learners. Respect for cultural identity should be cultivated by means of informing leaders, parents and teachers of mutual fundamental rights and duties. The practicability of education in the previously disadvantaged languages should be researched. This should be done concerning the different training methods and the need for training with regard to knowledge and skills that will enable educational leaders to effectively accommodate the cultural, linguistic and religious rights of the learners. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002

This thesis looks at the state of marriage equality activism in the wake of the Supreme Court’s June 26, 2013 decisions in United States v. Windsor and Hollingsworth v. Perry. Some scholars, such as Gerald Rosenberg, argue that Supreme Court decisions can never affect “significant social change,” either directly or indirectly, while others argue that such decisions can be hugely important in directly affecting policy. My focus is on how activist organizations, which have a substantial track record of directly affecting policy, are influenced by changes to the political environment stemming from major Court decisions regarding social issues. After examining how past litigative efforts such as Baehr v. Lewin and Goodridge v. Department of Public Health have affected the LGBT rights movement, and marriage equality activism specifically, I discuss how organizational strategies have changed minimally, but the political environment in which marriage equality activism is operating has shifted quite a bit, especially in terms of framing and legal precedent. I conclude that Court decisions can indeed have a significant impact on social change by affecting the way in which it is possible for activists on both sides of the issue to shape and deliver their message to the general public, legislators, and courts in future litigative efforts.

The Swedish labour market seems to be more gender equal today than what it has been before. A gender equality intervention as the practice of an equality plan is one of the strategies that have been used in the workplace to achieve equality. This study aims to examine women’s work experiences in purpose to identify gender patterns in working life in a comparison between the trading industry and the academy. Central aspects in this paper concerns opportunities for development, space in the workplace and expectations associated to gender. Chosen previous research contains studies about equality in the academy and a report about female co-workers labour standards within the trading industry. Furthermore chosen studies show that some qualities are associated to gender and also how occupations are gendered. The theories that has been used to interpret and understand the empirical material is symbolical interactionism and Hirdman’s theories about gender. This study is based on qualitative interviews with four women from the trading industry and five women from the academy. The result indicates that it is possible to distinguish gendered patterns in both trades. The patterns are expressed in different ways but can to a certain extent be related to each other. / Den svenska arbetsmarknaden ger ett sken av att vara mer jämställt mellan kön idag än vad den tidigare har varit. Jämlikhetsinterventioner såsom tillämpandet av jämställdhetsplaner är en av de strategier som använts på arbetsplatser för att uppnå jämställdhet. Syftet med denna undersökning är att utifrån kvinnornas perspektiv identifiera könsrelaterade mönster i arbetslivet i en jämförelse mellan handeln och akademin. Centrala aspekter berör utvecklingsmöjligheter, utrymme på arbetsplatsen och förväntningar kopplade till kön. Den tidigare forskningen som valts innefattar studier kring jämställdhet inom akademin samt en rapport om kvinnliga medarbetares arbetsförhållanden inom handeln. Vidare redogörs studier som påvisar att somliga egenskaper är kopplade till kön och hur det finns en könsmärkning av yrken. De teorier som använts för att tolka och förstå det empiriska materialet är symbolisk interaktionism samt Hirdmans teorier kring genus. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra personer från handeln samt fem personer från akademin. Resultatet visar att könsrelaterade mönster går att urskilja inom respektive bransch. Dessa mönster kommer till uttryck på olika sätt men kan i viss mån relateras till varandra.

In this thesis, I argue that a nationalized private school – publicly financed voucher system (PRS / PFV system) of education provides a solution to the current problems plaguing the American public education system. Although previous arguments focus on a privatized system being more efficient than the current public system, I will not focus on this issue in my discussion. Despite criticism of privatized education systems by multiple empirical analyses, I do not fully engage the empirical literature here. As there has never been a nationalized private school – publicly funded voucher system like the one supported here, there is no direct empirical evidence that provides reason not to support such a system. Rather, my discussion is purely theoretical and will only briefly address some of the prospective theoretical concerns that are raised by the empirical research.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-214).

Thesis (LL. M.)--University of Toronto, 2004. / Adviser: Jennifer Nedelsky.

Thesis (M. Div.)--Emmanuel School of Religion, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [144]-154).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Western Seminary, Portland, OR, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-144).