The problem of this study was to investigate the relationship between the degree of authoritarianism expressed by pre-service secondary science teachers and the ways in which they spent their instructional time. This study was conducted on all students enrolled in the secondary science instructional methods course at a large North Texas area university for the fall semester of 1972 and the spring semester of 1973. The total population for the study was 55 students. To aid in resolution of the problem three purposes were formulated. The first purpose was to determine whether authoritarianism expressed by prospective science teachers was related to the ways they spent their instructional time. The second purpose was to determine if the authoritarianism expressed by prospective science teachers was related to their use of an indirect teaching style. The third purpose was to provide feedback to the prospective science teachers on the ways they spent their instructional time. It was concluded that teachers who were very authoritarian asked fewer questions and a different type of question than someone of lesser authoritarianism. The authoritarian asked questions that could be answered with a short answer such as yes or no, while the lesser authoritarian asked questions that allow the student to have more freedom in his response. Further studies of this type should focus on the teaching of questioning techniques to extreme authoritarians to establish whether they might learn to use divergent questions to teach science indirectly.

O Processo de Reflexão Orientada apresenta-se como uma nova proposta formativa, a qual pode contribuir para a formação inicial professores. Nesse processo, o futuro professor, mediado por um professor mais experiente, tem a oportunidade de elaborar e avaliar suas ideias sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem, suas metodologias e suas práticas de ensino, podendo clarificar e confrontar suas teorias pessoais. Neste sentido, este trabalho investigou as contribuições do PRO na atuação pedagógica de licenciandos em Química, visando um ensino por investigação e para a promoção da alfabetização científica no Ensino Médio. Para isso, mediados pela pesquisadora, os três licenciandos participantes da pesquisa elaboraram uma sequência de aulas e a desenvolveram em sala de aula, refletindo sobre suas concepções e práticas durante todo o processo envolvido. Diversas propostas de uma mesma sequência de aulas, sobre um mesmo conteúdo químico, foram elaborados pelos licenciandos, de forma a contemplar uma sequência investigativa e para promoção da AC. A última proposta foi aplicada em sala de aula. Os licenciandos avaliaram e refletiram sobre a sua prática em sala de aula e sobre os planos desenvolvidos, utilizando referenciais teóricos sobre ensino por investigação, AC e exigência cognitiva das questões. Para compreender a evolução dos licenciandos durante o PRO, a pesquisadora analisou os níveis investigativos dos elementos pedagógicos presentes nos planos elaborados e nas aulas ministradas por eles; o nível de AC dos planos e das aulas ministradas, bem como, o nível cognitivo das questões propostas nos planos e nas aulas. O processo reflexivo sobre a prática dos licenciandos é evidenciado por meio de categorias de análise e exemplificadas por trechos das transcrições dos encontros reflexivos realizados entre eles e a pesquisadora. As contribuições do grupo durante o processo também foram avaliadas. Os resultados mostram que os planos desenvolvidos pelos três licenciandos apresentaram evoluções na maioria dos tópicos avaliados, o que pode ser justificado pelas reflexões proporcionadas pelos encontros individuais e em grupo. No entanto, algumas dificuldades foram evidenciadas quanto a proposição da questão problema e de materiais para o levantamento das ideias prévias dos estudantes. A análise das aulas evidencia algumas dificuldades vivenciadas pelos licenciandos durante suas regências, como a sustentação da questão problema, bem como, das interações dialógicas. As reflexões realizadas entre a pesquisadora e os licenciandos, durante os encontros individuais, evidenciam momentos relevantes para a formação inicial, visto que os futuros professores expunham suas concepções, anseios e dilemas. Os encontros reflexivos em grupo também evidenciam contribuições, o que possibilitou ao grupo socializar, confrontar e compartilhar suas ideias e experiências. Esta pesquisa também mostra a importância do papel do mediador, já que a confiança dos licenciandos pela pesquisadora parece ter contribuído para o comprometimento deles durante o processo. Assim, o PRO vivenciado pelos licenciandos parece ter contribuído para eles desenvolverem uma postura crítica com relação à prática docente. Ao elaborar os planejamentos e avaliar suas ações, baseados em referenciais teóricos, puderam construir novas ideias sobre o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem em Química. / The Reflection-Oriented Process is a new educational trainning proposal that may contribute to pre-service teachers trainning. In the process, the future teacher, mediated by a more experienced teacher, has the opportunity to develop and evaluate their ideas about teaching and learning methodologies and their teaching practices, may clarify and confront their personal theories. Thus, this study investigated the contributions of PRO in pedagogical proceeding on pre-service teachers chemistry, aiming investigative approach and the promotion of scientific literacy (SL) in high school. For this, mediated by the researcher, the three pre-service teachers developed lessons\' sequence and teaching in class, reflecting on their conceptions and practices throughout the process involved. Several proposals of a same sequence, by the same chemical content, were developed by future teachers in order to contemplate a investigative approach and the promotion of SL sequence. The last proposal was developed in the classroom. The pre-service teachers evaluated and reflected on their practice in the classroom and on the plans developed by using theoretical frameworks for investigative teaching approach, SL and cognitive demand of the questions. To understand the pre-service teachers evolution in PRO, the researcher analyzed the investigative levels of pedagogial elements present in elaborate plans and classes taught by them; SC level presentes on plans and classes, as well as the cognitive level of the questions proposed in the plans and in class. The reflective process on the practice of pre-service teachers is evidenced by categories analysis and exemplified by excerpts from transcripts of reflective meetings held between them and the researcher. The group\'s contributions during the process were also investigated. The results show that the plans developed by the three future teachers showed gains in most analyzed topics, which can be justified by reflections provided by individual and group meetings. However, some difficulties were highlighted as the proposition of the question problem and materials to identify the previous ideas of students. Analysis of classes shows some difficulties experienced by future teachers during their regencies, such as support problem concerned and, of dialogic interaction. The discussions held between the researcher and the pre-service teachers during the individual meeting, evidence relevant times for pre-service training, as future teachers expounded their views, concerns and dilemmas. Reflective group meetings also show contributions, which enabled the group to socialize, compare and share their ideas and experiences. This research also shows the importance of the mediator\'s role, since the pre-service teachers reliability by the researcher seems to have contributed to their commitment throughout the process. Thus, the PRO experienced by pre-service teachers seems to have assisted them to develop a critical position relative to teaching practice. Propose plans and evaluate critically their actions based on theoretical frameworks, it seems to cotributed to build new ideas about teaching and learning in chemistry.

The connection between educational technology and critical pedagogy has not been greatly explored. This yearlong research study was conducted with pre-service teachers as they progressed through a teacher licensure program. Data collection included the use of focus groups, individual interviews and participant journals. In addition, this study explored the personal and technology identity of the participants. The results led to a greater understanding of how pre-service teachers view the connection between educational technology and critical pedagogy. / 10000-01-01

Esse trabalho trata da formação em serviço de professores de Física do ensino médio, adotando para a interpretação dos dados um referencial psicanalítico de orientação lacaniana. Para o desenvolvimento da investigação, foi criado em grupo constituído por 30 professores de Física da região de Londrina, norte do Estado do Paraná, por nós denominado Grupo de Física Moderna. De um modo geral, o que foi feito nesta tese pode ser resumido como um acompanhamento, durante aproximadamente dois anos, do processo em que esse grupo de professores se viu inserido, tendo que responder à sua tarefa geral, qual seja, discutir e planejar atividades para a introdução da Física Moderna e Contemporânea (FMC) na escola média. À parte as dificuldades decorrentes da formação acadêmica insuficiente da maioria dos professores, que representam, como pude observar, um sério problema para qualquer proposta de introdução da FMC no ensino médio, foi possível localizar que os professores do grupo demonstraram, ao longo do tempo, uma conduta que oscilava entre uma inércia e uma busca. Ou seja, grande parte dos professores, em momentos diversos, demonstrou um padrão de conduta repetitivo, em que uma fala que reconhece explicitamente a necessidade de uma mudança radical no ensino e na sua prática, vem acompanhada de ações dispersivas cujo efeito é contornar esse problema, tendo como resultado a permanência do professor em um estado inercial. Por outro lado, uma análise mais refinada dos dados, feita posteriormente, também revelou mudanças localizadas em alguns professores, os quais se envolveram efetivamente com o seu plano de trabalho e elegeram alguma questão como o seu problema de pesquisa, ou ainda mantiveram seu interesse, manifestando claramente uma atitude de busca e o desejo de continuar participando do grupo. Para analisar essa situação, aparentemente ambígua em que os professores parecem se situar, foi utilizado o conceito de grande Outro de Lacan, a partir do qual se estabeleceu a idéia de que os professores se encontram capturados por discursos diversos, os quais estruturam sua fala, seu desejo e sua satisfação. Um desses discursos, o da burocracia, que parece ser o discurso dominante em muitas escolas públicas, tende a favorecer a inércia e fornece uma explicação estrutural para a permanência dos professores em uma situação de passividade em relação aos seus problemas. Por outro lado, o discurso denominado do conhecimento, subdividido em discurso do conteúdo, pedagógico e da pesquisa, pode, eventualmente, capturar o professor, mantendo-o em um circuito em que predominam atitudes mais ativas e favorecendo algumas mudanças de conduta perante os seus problemas de sala de aula. / This work concerns in-service education of high school Physics teachers, using a lacanian psychoanalytical framework for interpretation of the data. For the development of the investigation, it was created a group constituted by 30 teachers of Physics of the region of Londrina, city of north of the State of Paraná, Brasil, which we called Modern Physics Group. In a general way, what was made in this work was an accompaniment, during approximately 2 years, of the process of that group of teachers, that have to give answers to its general task, which is, to discuss and to plan activities for the introduction of Modern and Contemporary Physics (MCP) contents in high school. Besides the current difficulties of un insufficient academic formation for most of the teachers of the group, which represents, as I could observe, a serious problem for any proposal of introduction of MCP in high school, it was also possible to observe that the teachers of the group demonstrated, along the time, a behavior that oscillated between an inertia and a search. That is, many teachers of the group, in several moments, demonstrated a repetitive pattern of conduct, so that a speech that recognizes completely the need of a radical change in teaching, is accompanied of dispersing actions whose effect is to deviate from that problem, inducing the teacher to remain in a inertial state. On the other hand, a refined analysis of the data, performed later on, also revealed located changes in some teachers, which got involved with their work plan and chose some subject as its research problem, or still maintained its interest, a searching attitude and the desire of continuing participating in the group. To analyze that ambiguous and puzzling situation, it was used the Lacan´s Another concept, from which we derived an idea that the teachers find themselves captured by several discourses that structure theirs speeches, desires and satisfactions. One of those discourses, that of the bureaucracy, that seems to be dominant in many public schools, tends to favor the inertia and supplies a structural explanation for the teachers' permanence in a passivity situation in relation to theirs own problems. On the other hand, the knowledge discourse, subdivided in content discourse, pedagogic discourse and research discourse, can, eventually, capture the teacher, maintaining him/her in a circuit that promotes more active attitudes and favor some changes of conduct of the teacher with respect to its classroom problems.

The problem of this study was to analyze the effects of a human relations component in an introduction to education course on the self-concept and interpersonal relations of secondary education pre-service teachers. The purposes of this study were (1) to develop a human relations component to be used in an introduction to education course; (2) to utilize the component in an actual teaching situation; and (3) to examine the effects of the course on the self-concept and interpersonal relations of secondary education pre-service teachers. The results of the statistical analyses revealed that the differences between the experimental and control groups on measures of the self-concept and interpersonal relations were not statistically significant. No significant gains were made by the experimental group on both criterion measures. Findings derived from personal observations indicated that the experimental group became aware of the affective dimension of the teaching-learning process. It was also evident that factors in addition to increased scores should be considered in research concerning enhancement of the self-concept and interpersonal relations.

Initial teacher education is an area of weakness within the Chilean education system. Yet it is highlighted as a crucial aspect of educational success. Success in educational improvement depends mainly on the teachers (because they enact a reform by putting it into practice), and teacher thinking is likely to influence teacher decision-making. How teacher conceptions and practice change, and how to facilitate this change, was the focus of this study. It explored to what extent peer assessment could facilitate change in pre-service science teachers’ conceptions and practices regarding conceptual explanations in science teaching.In a quasi-experimental design, a ten-session peer assessment intervention was carried out with thirty seven pre-service science teachers in three Chilean universities, each with an experimental and control group. The intervention sought to develop changes in teachers’ conceptions about the quality of explanations and in their skill of explaining scientific concepts. Teachers' thoughts were obtained through a peer assessment questionnaire, feedback sessions, focus groups and interviews. The quality of their explanations was measured at pre, post and follow-up in their eventual first job via video-recorded microteaching episodes using observational analysis. Inter-rater reliability was calculated on 5% of all qualitative data and all the videos were rated by two researchers in a blind process. Qualitative analysis indicated how teachers transformed their conceptions about the quality of explanations from general pedagogical knowledge into pedagogical content knowledge. A quantitative instrument was created to evaluate student teachers’ explanations in practice. Its reliability enables the assessment the skill of explaining based on ten elements (Cronbach’s alpha=.77). Results showed pre-service teachers significantly improved their explanations of scientific concepts in some practical aspects, although not all of them were transferred into real teaching contexts. The changes in student teachers’ conceptions and practice were analysed to indicate how the process occurred, to what extent peer assessment had a role on it, and which elements facilitated or made difficult the transference of the skill of explaining into real teaching. These results indicated that peer assessment can play a noteworthy role in teacher education to develop skills. There are implications for policy and practice in this study, not only for teacher education but also for in-service teacher professional development, not only for Chile but also for other countries.

The demands placed upon stakeholders of the public education system have become more and more compelling with each passing year. With the success of schools and students at stake, it is imperative to examine multiple facets of the public education structure. One of the most important aspects of this process is the development of preservice teachers entering the classroom. This study initially chronicled the history of teacher education and state licensure. Subsequently, standards enforced by the Tennessee Department of Education and National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education were also explored to gain information about the guidelines and criteria required for accrediting teacher education and licensure programs. Further information in regard to teacher education was examined through current trends and issues that affect classroom teachers. The teacher education program criteria from 6 Tennessee higher education institutions were also reviewed. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the perceptions of classroom teachers about effective higher education programs. Twelve K-6 classroom teachers with 5 or fewer years of teaching experience were interviewed to gain insight about the opinions of effective components of teacher education programs. This information was examined to explore specific program requirements. The analysis of the data collected in this study introduced several themes and common patterns. Most commonly, participants expressed the importance of a substantial field experience within the teacher education program. The value of relating content and theoretical approach to the practical application of the classroom was also noted as a priority. Participants reported the most effective teacher education programs as those that formulated a realistic portrayal of the classroom setting. These responses illustrated the significance of a hands-on approach to teacher education training and development.

Through our research, interactions, and experiences as teacher educators with young children and their families, various types of family support are provided in the teaching and learning processes in rural communities. A common theme reported within the landscape of rural communities is to connect families and their children with schools that use effective community partnerships and collaborations. Cheatham and Santos (2011) claims that, “a critical component in increasing parental involvement is effective collaboration between teacher and family” (p. 76). Across the nation, usual requests for parental and collaborative support in most school environments takes on a variety of forms – from parent teacher conferences, school governance actions, school program events, volunteering, and an endless number of other engaging activities. In remote and underserved areas, “Rural schools can provide an important social and cultural function for the area’s residents as well, drawing community members together from a wide geographic area” (Corrigan, 2013, p.49). On the other end of the spectrum, schools in rural communities often have inadequate technology usage, lack instructional resources, and the inability to disseminate information in a timely manner on issues concerning education, healthcare, economic development and sustainability, and limited professional development for teachers and parents. In 2017, the College of Education at North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, partnered with “North Carolina State Employees’ Credit Union Foundation” to financially support 10 pre-service teacher candidates as summer interns. The interns completed 10 weeks of service learning experiences in rural and underserved communities. The overarching goals for the interns was to develop service learning immersion experiences and produce authentic artifacts for children and families with support from various community agencies in rural and underserved counties across North Carolina. The conceptual framework for this collaborative service learning internship program consisted of three methodology phases: Phase I. Orientation and Leadership for the Future. A leadership team provided orientation sessions for all participants and selected the interns and different educational partners from various rural environments. Phase II. Service Learning Immersion Experiences with Blended Research Activities. Interns developed service learning immersion plans and implemented a series of intentional service and research experiences based on the needs of schools serving families, children and community agencies. The interns utilized technology and evidence-base activities to meet the project’s goals. Each intern had a mentor that supervised the diverse service immersion and research-blended experiences. Phase III. Leadership Reflections and Next Steps. Interns and community partners assessed and evaluated the program effectiveness by means of surveys, questionnaires’ and follow-up discussions. Finally, qualitative and quantitative data was disseminated and the interns engaged in reflective presentations in their field of study. This presentation provides alternative strategies which focus on a teacher education internship program using service learning immersion experiences with established community partnerships specifically with schools and educational organizations in rural communities. This presentation also illustrates interns producing high quality service learning artifacts including technology-based products relative to student attendance, parents’ professional development, food pantries, summer backpacks and wellness initiatives to support the family and children needs in the community.

No description available.

No description available.