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Orientador: Cecilia A. C. Zavaglia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T02:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uzumaki_EmiliaTieko_D.pdf: 44142340 bytes, checksum: e8db433907d2fd2f88b260ed4cd8a791 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O carbono tipo diamante ("diamond-like carbon" - DLC) tem demonstrado características, como alta dureza, baixo atrito, resistência ao desgaste e à corrosão, e biocompatibilidade, que podem melhorar as propriedades de implantes sólidos e articulados. O processo de imersão em plasma vem sendo usado para depositar DLC em substratos tridimensionais, pois, com esta técnica, se consegue melhor adesão do que com as técnicas convencionais. Neste trabalho, filmes de DLC foram depositados, pelo processo de imersão em plasma, em lamínulas de vidro, silício e liga de titânio Ti-13Nb-13Zr. A caracterização da microestrutura, morfologia, dureza e adesão dos filmes de DLC foi feita por espectroscopia Raman, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia de força atômica (MFA), nanoindentação e ensaio de puxamento. Como exemplos de peças tridimensionais, filmes de DLC foram depositados em implantes osteoarticulares de quadril e joelho, titânio poroso (esponja de célula-aberta, semelhante à estrutura do osso esponjoso, expandida a vácuo), facas industriais, bisturi cirúrgico, engrenagem de motor, tubos de quartzo e de alumínio, e outros objetos. O filme obtido apresentou boas propriedades mecânicas, aumentando em 2 vezes a dureza da liga de Ti, alta adesão (filme sem interface definida e sem delaminação), resistência ao desgaste, baixa rugosidade e uniformidade de deposição em superfícies tridimensionais. Os resultados de corrosão (polarização de Tafel e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica em fluido corporal simulado) mostraram que o revestimento de DLC melhora a resistência da liga de Ti à corrosão. No ensaio de biocompatibilidade in vitro, com células fibroblásticas, foram estudados a citotoxicidade, adesão e morfologia celular (estudo citoquímico, microscopia de contraste de fase, MEV e MFA). No ensaio de biocompatibilidade in vivo, a liga de Ti-13Nb-13Zr, revestida com DLC, foi investigada em tecido muscular e ósseo de ratos após 4 e 12 semanas do procedimento cirúrgico. A interface formada entre o DLC e o tecido foi investigada por histologia convencional, e os implantes retirados por MEV. A interface entre o implante e o tecido ósseo, não descalcificado, foi estudada por MEV na modalidade retroespalhamento. Os resultados mostraram a biocompatibilidade in vitro e in vivo do filme de DLC, e foi verificado também que os implantes revestidos com DLC possuem resposta biológica mais favorável do que os implantes não revestidos / Abstract: Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are often considered a suitable coating material for orthopaedic applications. It has proven characteristics, such as hardness, wear resistance, low friction coefficient and biocompatibility that improve the properties of solid and articulated implants. Recently, the plasma immersion process was used to deposit DLC films with superior adhesion properties to those prepared with conventional techniques. DLC coatings were deposited on glass coverslips, silicon (Si) and Ti-13Nb-13Zr substrates using the plasma immersion process. The microstructure, morphology, roughness, hardness and adhesion of DLC films were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanoindentation and pull-test. As examples, DLC films produced by plasma immersion were deposited on industrial knives, surgical knives, knee implants, femoral heads (of hip prostheses), titanium foams, transmission gears of motorcycles, aluminium pipes, quartz pipes, and others objects. The corrosion susceptibility of DLC coatings produced by plasma immersion was studied in a simulated body fluid environment (Hanks' solution) using polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochemical results showed that DLC coating produced by plasma immersion could improve corrosion resistance, and no significant damage has been observed. Vero cells (fibroblasts) were utilized for the in vitro biocompatibility studies, by cytotoxicity, adhesion and cell morphology (phase contrast microscopy, SEM, AFM, and cytochemical study). DLC-coated Ti-13Nb-13Zr was investigated in an animal model using the muscular tissue and femoral condyles of rats for intervals of 4 and 12 weeks postoperatively. The interface between the implants and tissue were analysed by light microscopy, and the removed implants by SEM. The SEM by backscattering was used to access the interface between the implants the bone tissue without decalcifying. Our results indicate that DLC coatings are biocompatible in vitro and in vivo / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

La première partie du travail présenté ici se concentre sur l’optimisation d’une cathode à oxygène. Tout d’abord, l’utilisation d’une nouvelle enzyme (la BOD de Magnaporthe oryzae) permet de multiplier le courant de réduction de l’oxygène en eau jusqu’à neuf fois. Ensuite la synthèse d’un polymère rédox adapté a permis d’améliorer le coefficient de diffusion des électrons dans l’hydrogel résultant en l’augmentation de la densité de courant générée. Enfin nous sommes passés d’uneélectrode de carbone en 2 dimensions à une fibre d’or poreuse tridimensionnelle. Après modification de cette fibre avec l’hydrogel rédox à base de BOD de M. oryzaenous avons évalué sa biocompatibilité : in vitro les tests ont montré l’absence totale de cytotoxicité et seule une très faible réponse inflammatoire ; in vivo aucune infection ne s’est déclarée pendant les 8 semaines d’implantation dans les souris etla formation d’une capsule fibrotique autour de l’électrode traduit sa bonne intégration dans les tissus de l’animal. La seconde partie concerne la biopile dans son intégralité, construite à partir de la cathode optimisée et d’une anode adaptée à base de GDH. Elle permet de générer jusqu’à 240 μW.cm-2 dans du tampon Pipes/CaCl2 à 5mM de glucose. La biopile a ensuite été testée dans du sang humain total. Un maximum de 129 μW.cm-2 a été obtenu dans un échantillon avec une glycémie de 8,2 mM sous air. De plus nous avons constaté que la densité de puissance délivrée augmente proportionnellement avec la glycémie des différents échantillons de sang testés, faisant de la biopile à la fois une source d’électricité et un biocapteur à glucose ce qui n’avait jamais été démontré auparavant. / The first part of the work presented here focuses on the optimization of an oxygen cathode. First, the use of a new enzyme (BOD from Magnaporthe oryzae) permit to increase the current of reduction of oxygen into water by a factor nine. Then the synthesis of a suitable redox polymer greatly improved the diffusion coefficient of electrons in the hydrogel, resulting in an increase of the current density. Finally we switched from a two-dimensional carbon electrode to a three-dimensional porous gold fiber. After modification of the fiber with the redox hydrogel based on BOD from M. oryzae, we assessed its biocompatibility: in vitro the tests showed the total absence of cytotoxicity and only a very low inflammatory response; in vivo noinfection appeared during the 8 weeks of implantation in mice and the formation of afibrotic capsule around the device reflects its successful integration into the animal tissues.The second part concerns the full biofuel cell, elaborated from the optimized cathode and an adapted GDH-based anode. It could generate up to 240 μW.cm-2 at 5mMglucose in Pipes/CaCl2 buffer. The biofuel cell was then tested in whole human blood. A maximum of 129 μW.cm-2 was obtained in a sample with 8,2 mM glycaemiaunder air. In addition we observed that the delivered power density increased proportionally with the glycaemia of the different blood samples tested, making the biofuel cell both a power source and a glucose biosensor at the same time which had never been shown before.