Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: To assess the accuracy of the presenting signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and treatments presented in the last twelve episodes of season five of the popular medical drama, House, MD. Methods: A descriptive retrospective evaluation of the accuracy and inaccuracies of episodes 13 to 24 in season five of the television series House, MD. The accuracy of the presenting signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and treatment in each episode was rated on a scale of one to four. A rating of one described a correct and usual representation. A rating of two described a correct but somewhat unusual representation. A rating of three described a correct but extremely unusual representation. A rating of four described an incorrect representation. Each researcher independently rated the episodes, and then a collaborative rating was agreed upon by both researchers. Main Results: Results of the ANOVA test demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the three dependent variables (p=0.002). The Tukey HSD post-hoc test confirmed a significant difference between the accuracy of treatment when compared with signs and symptoms (p=0.012), and with diagnostic procedures (p=0.002). The average rating for the treatment variable was 1.58 (±0.9), whereas the average ratings for the signs and symptoms and diagnosis variables were 2.75 (± 0.754), and 3 (±1.128), respectively. Conclusions: The treatments presented in the last twelve episode of season five of House, MD were more accurate than both the presenting signs and symptoms and the diagnosis.

At the heart of this exegesis is the city-bush gap and the rivalry and stereotypes that gap has generated. I acknowledge how and why our national identity evolved from the writing of the 1890s but I argue that most current artists, particularly novelists, have failed to incorporate the ongoing cultural, societal and industrial changes that have occurred since, particularly in the last thirty years. I assert that the majority of artists still refer to and draw inspiration from established, inaccurate myths and stereotypes rather than the bush and Australian characters of today. Through examining three texts, Kate Grenville's The Idea of Perfection (Picador, Sydney, 1999), Christos Tsiolkas's Loaded (Random House, Sydney, 1995) and Silences Long Gone (Picador, Sydney, 1998) by Anson Cameron, I also point out how most artists in general have failed to keep pace with changes in the bush city cross-culture. My exegesis attempts to give an account of some deficiencies in contemporary Australian literature. In the creative component of this project, Summer at Mount Hope (Duffy and Snellgrove, Sydney, 2005), I write, as did Anson Cameron in his book, Silences Long Gone, (Pan Macmillan, 1998) of a bush (in 1894) where city and bush rely on each other and technology pushes into the bush uniting city and bush, thus enhancing the economy, the cross cultural interdependence and advancing the commonality between the two. I replace stereotypical characters with less predictable characters whose traits sit easily in either bush or city culture and skew the Traditionalist role of bush and city.

Den här uppsatsens syfte var att analysera saldodifferenser på Haldex. För att besvara detta syfte genomfördes en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer, observationer samt en enkät. Detta empiriska material analyserades sedan med hjälp av relevanta teorier som berörde inventory management, RFID teknik och anställdas beteende. Det vi kom fram till var att saldodifferenserna på Haldex beror på både mänskliga och teknologiska fel. De mänskliga felen beror på en bristande utbildning i det nya affärssystemet som implementerades för drygt ett år sedan. De teknologiska felen beror på svaga kriterier vid klassificering av sitt lager. Idag använder sig Haldex av ett det vanligaste kriteriet vid en ABC klassificering, nämligen värdet på produkten. Vi föreslår att det bör kompletteras med ledtiden och betydelsen av produkten för att ge ett mer rättvisande klassificering på lagret. För att minska felen som uppstår i lagret föreslår vi att Haldex bör implementera RFID teknologin på sina A produkter. / The purpose of this study was to analyze inventory inaccuracy at Haldex. In order to answer the purpose a qualitative method in the form of interviews, a survey and observations were conducted. The empirical material was then later analyzed with relevant theories regarding inventory inaccuracy. This study found that the inventory inaccuracy at Haldex mainly was a result of human errors combined with technological errors. The human errors came from a lack of knowledge in the company's ERP system AX12. The interviews found that the system had been implemented too fast and without relevant training, which later resulted in employees not knowing how to properly use it. The technological errors came from the company's weak criteria’s when it came to classify the inventory. Today Haldex uses an ABC-classification that is based on the products value, this essay suggests that lead time and importance of the product should be added. In order to minimize inventory errors this essay suggest that RFID technology needs to be added to the company's A-products.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar la importancia de la evaluación de las incorrecciones identificadas durante la realización de la auditoria (NIA 450) y su impacto en el sistema de control interno en el sector de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito asociadas a la FENACREP en los distritos de Jesús maría y pueblo libre. Para el desarrollo del presente trabajo, hemos realizado una investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa. Por ello, se utilizó encuestas aplicadas a los Gerentes Financieros o auditores internos de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito que se encuentran ubicadas en el área de nuestro punto de investigación y entrevistas para recopilar las opiniones de los Auditores Financieros de las principales firmas de gran reconocimiento en el país. Asimismo, desarrollamos un caso integrador donde se evaluó el efecto de las incorrecciones identificadas y su impacto en el sistema de control interno de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito. Los resultados de la investigación demuestran que las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito si tienen un impacto significativo después de realizada la auditoría externa, debido a los cambios positivos que se generan en la obtención de mejores procedimientos y controles. Todo ello, nos ha permitido concluir que la evaluación de las incorrecciones identificadas durante la auditoria tiene influencia en el sistema de control interno, ya que, después de pasar por un proceso de auditoría externa e identificar las falencias, estos han generado un impacto significativo positivo sobre el control interno, debido a que, las áreas en las que se identificaron los errores pudieron ser analizadas y evaluadas, tanto la reestructuración como la implantación de mejores controles internos para la compañía. / This research aims to demonstrate the importance of the evaluation of the improprieties identified during the completion of the audit (ISA 450) and their impact on the system of internal control in the field of savings and credit cooperatives associated with FENACREP district of Jesus Maria and Pueblo Libre. For this reason, then for the development of this work, we conducted a qualitative and quantitative research. For this reason, we used surveys applied to the financial managers of cooperatives such as credit unions, which are located in the area of our point of research and interviews to collect the views of the financial auditors of the major auditing firms of the world. In addition, we develop a case Integrator where evaluated the effect of the improprieties identified and its impact on the system of internal control of savings and credit cooperatives. The results of the investigation show that the cooperatives of savings and credit if they have a significant impact after the external audit, due to the positive changes they generate in obtaining better procedures and controls. All, has allowed us to conclude that the assessment of the improprieties identified during the audit has influence in the internal control system, because after going through an audit process and identify the flaws, these have generated a Significant impact on internal control because areas identified with errors were able to analyze and evaluate the restructuring and implementation of better internal controls for the company. / Tesis

La localisation de séismes induits ainsi que les mécanismes au foyer associés sont des outils fréquemment utilisés afin, entre autres, d’imager la structure d’un réservoir. Cette thèse présente une technique permettant de quantifier les erreurs associées à ces deux paramètres. Par cette méthode, incertitudes et imprécisions sont distinguées. La méthode a été appliquée aux sites de Soultz et de Rittershoffen pour étudier l’impact de plusieurs critères sur la localisation de la sismicité induite. Ainsi, il a été montré que l’utilisation de capteurs installés profondément dans des puits et qu’une bonne couverture sismique azimutale réduit sérieusement les incertitudes de localisation. Les incertitudes du modèle de vitesse, représentées par une distribution gaussienne des modèles avec un écart de 5% autour du modèle de référence, multiplient les incertitudes de localisation par un facteur 2 à 3. Des simplifications utilisées pour le calcul ou une mauvaise connaissance du milieu peuvent mener à des imprécisions de l’ordre de 10% spatialement non isotropes. Ainsi, les structures du sous-sol peuvent être déformées dans les interprétations. L’application d’un tir de calibration peut néanmoins corriger ce fait en grande partie. L’étude d’erreurs associées aux mécanismes au foyer ne semble cependant pas conduire aux mêmes conclusions. Le biais angulaire peut certes être augmenté par l’omission de la faille dans le modèle de vitesse, mais dans plusieurs cas il est le même que dans le cas idéal voire diminué. En outre, une meilleure couverture sismique améliorerait toujours le mécanisme au foyer obtenu. Ainsi, il n’est pas conseillé d’imager un réservoir en n’utilisant que la localisation de séismes, mais une combinaison de plusieurs paramètres sismiques pourrait s’avérer efficace. La méthode appliquée dans le cadre de cette thèse pourra servir pour d’autres sites à condition d’en avoir une bonne connaissance a priori. / Induced seismicity location and focal mechanisms are commonly used to image the sub-surface designin reservoirs among other tasks. In this Ph.D. the inaccuracies and uncertainties on earthquake location and focal mechanisms are quantified using a three-step method. The technique is applied to the geothermal sites of Soultz and Rittershoffen to investigate the effect of several criteria on thee arthquake location. A good azimuthal seismic coverage and the use of seismic down-hole sensors seriously decrease the location uncertainty. On the contrary, velocity model uncertainties, represented by a 5% Gaussian distribution of the velocity model around the reference model, will multiply location uncertainties by a factor of 2 to 3. An incorrect knowledge of the sub-surface or the simplifications performed before the earthquake location can lead to biases of 10% of the vertical distance separating the source and the stations with a non-isotropic spatial distribution. Hence the sub-surface design maybe distorted in the interpretations. To prevent from that fact, the calibration shot method was proved to be efficient. The study on focal mechanism errors seems to lead to different conclusions. Obviously, the angular bias may be increased by neglecting the fault in the velocity. But, it may also be the same as or even smaller than the bias calculated for the case simulating a perfect knowledge of the medium of propagation. Furthermore a better seismic coverage always leads to smaller angular biases. Hence,it is worth advising to use more than only earthquake location in order to image a reservoir. Other geothermal sites and reservoirs may benefit from the method developed here. / Die korrekte Lokalisierung von induzierter Seismizität und den dazugehörigen Herdflächenlösungensind sehr wichtige Parameter. So werden zum Beispiel die Verteilung der Erdbeben und die Orientierung ihrer Herdflächenlösungen dazu benutzt um in der Tiefe liegende Reservoirs zulokalisieren und abzubilden. In dieser Doktorarbeit wird eine Technik vorgeschlagen um diemethodisch bedingten Fehler zu quantifizieren. Mit dieser Methode werden die verschiedenen Fehlerquellen, die Unsicherheiten und die Fehler im Modell getrennt. Die Technik wird für die geothermischen Felder in Soultz und in Rittershoffen benutzt um den Einfluss verschiedener Parameter (Annahmen) auf die Lokalisierung der induzierten Seismizität zu bestimmen. Es wurde festgestellt, dass Bohrlochseismometer und eine gute azimutale Verteilung der seismischen Stationen die Unbestimmtheiten verkleinern. Die Geschwindigkeitsunbestimmheiten, die durch eine Gauss-Verteilung mit 5% Fehler dargestellt werden, vervielfachen die Lokalisierungsungenauigkeiten um einen Faktor 2 bis 3. Eine ungenaue Kenntnis des Untergrunds oder die verwendete vereinfachte Darstellung der Geschwindigkeitsverhältnisse im Untergrund (notwendig um die synthetischen Rechnungen durchführen zu können) führen zu anisotropen Abweichungen und Fehlern in der Herdtiefe von bis zu 10%. Diese können die Interpretationen des Untergrunds deutlich verfälschen. Ein “calibration shot” kann diese Fehler korrigieren. Leider können die Fehler für die Herdflächenlösungen nicht in derselben Weise korrigiert werden. Es erscheint daher als keine gute Idee, ein Reservoir nur über die Lokalisierung von Erdbeben zu bestimmen. Eine Kombination mehrerer seismischer Methoden scheint angezeigt. Die hier besprochene Methode kann als Grundlage dienen für die Erkundung anderer (geothermischer)

The fossiliferous sediments of the Hueso and Tapiado formations exposed in the Vallecito Creek-Fish Creek section (VCFC) of the Anza-Borrego Desert (ABD) span the boundary between Blancan and Irvingtonian North American Land Mammal 'Ages.' Historically, the determination of the Blancan-Irvingtonian (B-I) boundary in the VCFC proved problematic. A new study to determine the B-I boundary in the VCFC revealed data inaccuracies in both published works and curatorial records of the mammal and other vertebrate fossils from the ABD. Most individual inaccuracies were minor, but an accumulation of over 50 years of multiple inaccuracies had significant effects on local and regional biostratigraphic and biochronologic correlations. A detailed investigation of the inaccurate data resulted in recognition of 17 types of error, with at least five sources. The two most prominent sources of error are those derived from publication and curation protocols. Examination of over 150 publications and in-house faunal lists produced over 830 taxonomic names and format variants, for 110 mammalian taxa identified from the ABD and VCFC. Approximately 50% of the taxonomic identifications were previously published without voucher catalogue numbers or fossil descriptions. A critical review of the taxonomic assignments resulted in an updated faunal list of ABD terrestrial Mammalia, including 110 taxonomic names, 66 unqualified genera, and 46 unqualified species. A supplemental list of 'retired' taxa includes 178 previously published or listed taxonomic names and format variants. The 4.5 km sequence of originally superposed sediments within VCFC is now tilted at 23 degrees and exposed in plan view. This exposure was captured in both aerial photos and satellite imagery. GIS layers of the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale and individual collecting localities are readily superposed onto the stratigraphic images. When united with the faunal database, GIS maps of biostratigraphic data facilitate detection and correction of data errors. Resulting corrected maps show highest and lowest stratigraphic occurrences of taxa, as well as geographic clustering of taxonomic groups, outlining possible paleohabitats. As a result of data improvement and GIS display, the local B-I boundary currently is best estimated by the presence of Ovibovini at >1.42 Ma. / text

Ist die Zitationsanalyse ein geeignetes Instrument zur Forschungsevaluation? Diese Dissertation untersucht, ob die zugrunde liegenden Zitationsdaten ausreichend fehlerfrei sind, um aussagekräftige Ergebnisse der Analysen zu erzielen, beziehungsweise sollte dies nicht der Fall sein, ob der Prozess, der die zitierenden und zitierten Artikel einander zurordnet, ausreichend robust gegenüber Ungenauigkeiten in den Daten ist. Ungenauigkeiten wurden als Unterschiede in den Datenwerten der bibliographischen Angaben definiert. Die untersuchten Daten setzen sich aus gezielt ausgewählten Publikationen des Web of Science (WoS) zusammen, welche eine geschichtete Stichprobe ergeben. Die bibliographischen Daten von 3.929 Referenzen wurden in einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse bewertet und die bibliographischen Ungenauigkeiten in einer Taxonomie zusammengefasst. Um genau festzulegen, welche von diesen tatsächlich den Zuordnungsprozess von Zitationen beeinflussen, wurde eine spezifische Untergruppe von Zitationen, d.h. Zitationen die von WoS nicht erfolgreich dem jeweilig zitierten Artikel zugeordnet wurden, untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Daten zweier weiterer bibliographischen Datenbanken, Scopus und Google Scholar, sowie den Daten dreier angewandter bibliometrischer Forschungsgruppen, CWTS, iFQ und Science-Metrix, trianguliert. Die Zuordnungsalgorithmen von CWTS und iFQ konnten rund zwei Drittel dieser Zitierungen erfolgreich zuordnen. Scopus und Google Scholar konnten ebenso über 60% der fehlenden Zitierungen erfolgreich mit dem entsprechenden zitierten Artikel verbinden, während Science-Metrix nur eine geringe Anzahl an Referenzen (5%) schaffte. Vollkommen falsche erste Seitenzahlen sowie Zahlendreher in Publikationsjahren können in allen Datenquellen nicht richtig zugeordnete Zitierungen verursachen. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen wurden Lösungsvorschläge formuliert, die im Stande sind den Zuordnungsprozess von Zitationen in bibliometrischen Datenquellen zu verbessern. / Is citation analysis an adequate tool for research evaluation? This doctoral research investigates whether the underlying citation data is sufficiently accurate to provide meaningful results of the analyses and if not, whether the citation matching process can rectify inaccurate citation data. Inaccuracies are defined as discrepancies in the data values of bibliographic references, since they are the essential part in the citation matching process. A stratified, purposeful data sample was selected to examine typical cases of publications in Web of Science (WoS). The bibliographic data of 3,929 references was assessed in a qualitative content analysis to identify prevailing inaccuracies in bibliographic references that can interfere with the citation matching process. The inaccuracies were categorized into a taxonomy. Their frequency was studied to determine any strata-specific patterns. To pinpoint the types of inaccuracies that influence the citation matching process, a specific subset of citations, i.e. citations not successfully matched by WoS, was investigated. The results were triangulated with five other data sources: with data from two bibliographic databases in their role as citation indexes (Scopus and Google Scholar) and with data from three applied bibliometric research groups (CWTS, iFQ and Science-Metrix). The matching algorithms of CWTS and iFQ were able to match around two thirds of these citations correctly. Scopus and Google Scholar also handled more than 60% successfully in their matching. Science-Metrix only matched a small number of references (5%). Completely incorrect starting page numbers and transposed publication years can cause a citation to be missed in all data sources. However, more often it is a combination of more than one kind of inaccuracy in more than one field that leads to a non-match. Based on these results, proposals are formulated that could improve the citation matching processes of the different data sources.

The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM, also known as the servo motor) is a crucial component within robotic servo systems. To optimally respond to the torque demands sent from the high-level motion controller, the PMSM current controller must track the reference with speed and precision. Nevertheless, the operation of servo motors could be compromised due to the nonlinearity of flux linkage and inaccuracies in parameters induced by unpredictable fluctuations in temperature. This Master’s thesis proposes a novel Robust Nonlinear Deadbeat Predictive Current Control (RN-DPCC) scheme to counter these challenges effectively. The nonlinear mappings between flux linkage and current on the dq-axis are established using polynomial fitting based on experimental data. Furthermore, the Nonlinear Deadbeat Predictive Current Control (N-DPCC) is derived using nonlinear feedforward. Meanwhile, Delayed Integral Action (DIA) is introduced as a robustness-enhancing measure for N-DPCC, thus evolving it into the Robust N-DPCC (RN-DPCC). Compared to conventional Integral Action (IA), DIA effectively curtails overshoot triggered by integral error and accelerates the current transient without incorporating additional tunable parameters. Numerical simulations that leverage the mathematical modeling of the converter and nonlinear PMSM are implemented using fundamental blocks in Simulink, which replicates the actual experimental setup employed within the Motor Control Lab at ABB Corporate Research. The effectiveness of employing nonlinear feedforward compensation is confirmed through a comparative analysis of the simulation results from N-DPCC and conventional Deadbeat Predictive Current Control (DPCC). The enhancements in transient response brought about by DIA are demonstrated through a comparison of RNDPCC and N-DPCC with IA. The robustness of RN-DPCC is demonstrated by comparing it with N-DPCC under conditions where parameter inaccuracies are present. / Den permanenta magnet-synkronmotorn (PMSM, även känd som servomotorn) är en avgörande komponent inom robotiserade servosystem. För att optimalt kunna reagera på momentkraven som skickas från högnivårörelsekontrollern måste PMSM-strömregulatorn följa referensen med hastighet och precision. Trots detta kan driften av servomotorer påverkas av ickelinjäriteter i flödeslänkningen och felaktigheter i parametrar som orsakas av oförutsägbara temperaturfluktuationer. Denna magisteravhandling föreslår en ny robust icke-linjär deadbeat-prediktiv strömreglering (RN-DPCC) för att effektivt hantera dessa utmaningar. De icke-linjära avbildningarna mellan flödeslänkning och ström på dq-axeln etableras med hjälp av polynomisk anpassning baserat på experimentella data. Dessutom härleds den ickelinjära deadbeat-prediktiva strömregleringen (N-DPCC) med hjälp av Ickelinjär feedforward. Samtidigt introduceras fördröjd integralåtgärd (DIA) som en robusthetsförbättrande åtgärd för N-DPCC, vilket förvandlar den till Robust N-DPCC (RN-DPCC). Jämfört med konventionell integralåtgärd (IA) minskar DIA effektivt överhäng som utlöses av integralfel och accelererar strömövergången utan att införa ytterligare justerbara parametrar. Numeriska simuleringar som utnyttjar den matematiska modelleringen av omvandlaren och den icke-linjära PMSM implementeras med hjälp av grundläggande block i Simulink, vilket återskapar den faktiska experimentella uppställningen som används i Motor Control Lab vid ABB Corporate Research. Effektiviteten i att använda icke-linjär framåtmatningskompensation bekräftas genom en jämförande analys av simulationsresultaten från N-DPCC och konventionell deadbeat-prediktiv strömreglering (DPCC). Förbättringarna i transientrespons som DIA medför demonstreras genom en jämförelse av RN-DPCC och NDPCC med IA. Robustheten hos RN-DPCC demonstreras genom att jämföra den med N-DPCC under förhållanden där parameterfel förekommer.

Presented work deals with Biomechanical study of the facial skeleton. This work is focused on the fixation of the mandible after removal of a tumor from affected bone tissue. The aim of the work is to perform biomechanical study of the facial skeleton with subsequent detailed stress strain analysis of two mandible implants designed and manufactured for specific patients. The geometry model of mandible used for design of mandible implants and used for computational modelling has been obtained on the basis of CT data of two patients. A Theoretical-Clinical sub-study that deals with the comparison the CT data processing which is necessary for creating the model of geometry is a part of the thesis. Two models of mandible with applied mandible implant have been created for two specific patients with tumorous mandible bone tissue. Stress strain analysis has been performed for these two models. Results of the stress strain analysis of two models of mandibles with mandible implants are presented in the final chapters of the thesis. Findings of the biomechanical study have been published and applied in clinical practice.

Presented work deals with Biomechanical study of the facial skeleton. This work is focused on the fixation of the mandible after removal of a tumor from affected bone tissue. The aim of the work is to perform biomechanical study of the facial skeleton with subsequent detailed stress strain analysis of two mandible implants designed and manufactured for specific patients. The geometry model of mandible used for design of mandible implants and used for computational modelling has been obtained on the basis of CT data of two patients. A Theoretical-Clinical sub-study that deals with the comparison the CT data processing which is necessary for creating the model of geometry is a part of the thesis. Two models of mandible with applied mandible implant have been created for two specific patients with tumorous mandible bone tissue. Stress strain analysis has been performed for these two models. Results of the stress strain analysis of two models of mandibles with mandible implants are presented in the final chapters of the thesis. Findings of the biomechanical study have been published and applied in clinical practice.