It is easy to evaluate unfairly on performance of companies with stock-based rewards in Taiwan, so we use Incentive-Intensity and Mix to evaluate relationship between companies and stock-based rewards. Results documents that employees of 534 companies issuing on TSE and OTC can get NT$ 17.1834 per NT$ 1,000 change in market value of equity over 2002-04 period, and the average ratio of profit sharing and stock ownership rewards to cash compensation is 0.6594. We suggest that the more stocks companies grant, the better performance companies have, especially for electronics industry. The ratio of stock-based rewards to total compensation of employees of companies issuing on TSE is higher than employees of companies issuing on OTC.

Due to rapidly changing conditions and the increasing pressure of global competition, corporations are facing a management crisis that has never happened before. To overcome this situation, corporations have developed a Corporate Transformation Strategy (CTS) to strengthen the core abilities, increase management performance and become a long lasting competitor. This is both necessary and urgent. However, the uncertainty and change that this aggressive self-motivated CTS brings directly effects employees at all levels. Therefore, the corporations have to arrange suitable Employee Incentive System (EIS) and Organizational Career Development (OCD) while concurrently the corporations are developing their CTS. Additionally, these incentives not only appease the work force, they lower employees desire to change employment, keep the best and brightest at the corporation, and raise all employees work satisfaction and performance. Combined, these results raise Organizational Performance, competitive advantages, and potential for continued growth. This study is based on 1,000 corporations in Taiwan and will show the direct and indirect relationships between CTS, EIS, OCD and Organizational Performance and how they affect each other. After analyzing data from138corportations with canonical correlation, regression analysis, ANOVA and LISREL, the research found: 1.CTS, EIS, OCD and Organizational Performance are all correlated. 2. The CTS has a positive preeminent affect on the EIS and the EIS also positively affects the Organizational Performance. This indicates that the CTS will indirectly affect the Organizational Performance by affecting the EIS. 3. The CTS has a positive preeminent affect on the OCD and the OCD also positively affects the Organizational Performance. This indicates that the CTS will indirectly affect the Organizational Performance by affecting the OCD.

The relationship between organization justice and organization commitment have be researched by many scholars. However, researchers have never considered the influence of different organization situations to the relationship. According to some researchers in practice, pay institute is considered as a situation variance to analyze the effect to the relationship between organization justice and organization commitment in the pay institute perception of employment. This theme has steps: first step, we include the common conception of designs, goal, and polices of pay institute to define the pay institute perception with reliability, competence, incentive and feedback and develop a valid questionnaire; Second step, we analyze the effect in the relationship between organization justice and organization commitment to conclude that the pay institute perception of employment is an important adjustment variance. We also proof organization variance does affect the merit, which is indicated by theme of Szilagui and Wallance(1983).

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Peer-to-Peer (P2P) technology is a kind of decentralized framework which is applied to file sharing and video streaming in Internet predominantly. However, there are some problems, like free-riding, fairness, unexpected fluctuation, in P2P systems. Especially, without free riding controlling, many users stop contributing data and only want to receive data. To avoid these problems, a credit-based incentive mechanism using sneak, public-key cryptography and multi-source technique is proposed to make peers in system have no choice but to share data. In the proposed incentive mechanism, the concept of credit is employed. If a peer can contribute more bandwidth for sharing stream, it is arranged closer to video server, to get more credit in return, have less packet loss risk and receive better stream quality. Free-rider is a peer who denies contributing or contributes less resource than it registers to the system. In the proposed mechanism, free-riders are judged by the credits of each peer. In order to prevent illegal behaviors, the public-key cryptography is used for differentiating real and fake credit, also used for tracing credits. Experimental results show that when 90% peers are zero uploading peers, using the proposed mechanism can reduce 85% of zero uploading peers. When 90% peers are cheating peers, adopting the proposed mechanism can reduce 94% of cheating peers. System utility is usually about 100%. Maximum number of hops to video server is about five to six which is much smaller than without using the proposed mechanism, about 40 hops. The loads in managing system topology and delivering sub-streams are reduced. Besides, the resource of the system is used effectively.

Abstract This essay is a study on "the influence that the stock options of the salary incentive pay system have on the management level of Chinese mainland insurance industry". this study is divided into four parts : first , introduce the theory that influence the setting of the salary incentive pay system ; second, analyses the common-used incentive pay system in Chinese mainland at present and its developmental tendency ; third , introduce the basic information of Taiwan's insurance industry brought into mainland . We hope that the study on mainland's insurance industry will contribute to the Taiwan' study in the field of mainland' insurance market. Fourth, analyze how Taiwan's insurance industry establish salary incentive pay system that meet the market demands in their development in mainland . The stereotype of the industrialist, the collected data, the careful analysis and the case that was picked out, can be referred to by those who want to develop on the mainland market. From this study, we find that there are active effects of thestock options system from the salary incentive pay system, whichcannot be found in the mainland's intermediate insurance industry. The cause can be concluded into two species: individual factor, externalfactor. Each conclusion has three items. So there are totally sixitems. The conclusions suggest that, mainland's intermediate insurance companies' planning on the management's salary incentive pay system is faced with many influence factors now. Althongh there are some limitations of the annual salary, such as the management behaviors Short-termism, the frequently-liquid of the managements' talents, the shortage of management talents, still, the effects are more active than other incentive pay system forms such as manager acquisition, insurance plan and retire plan, golden parachutes and EVA, except stock rights and options. The key words : the salary incentive pay system; management; Chinese mainland insurance market; stock options; golden parachutes

<p>Belöningar till ledningen är det som ofta debatteras i media, samtidigt anses personalen vara företagets viktigaste resurs. Detta examensarbete avser att undersöka vilka belöningar ”vanliga” anställda får ta del av. En fallstudie på OKQ8 har genomförts för att åskådliggöra avsikterna, uppbyggnaden, förhoppningarna, resultatet och framtiden för ett antal belöningssystem som tillämpas i praktiken. Datainsamling har skett genom personliga intervjuer samt observationer. Författarens viktigaste slutsatser är att rättviseaspekten har stor betydelse samtidigt som det är av yttersta vikt att ett belöningssystem kommuniceras, framförallt vid implementeringen. Det är betydelsefullt att belysa dessa faktorer och inför framtiden ta hänsyn till dem för att på så vis kunna utforma bättre belöningssystem.</p> / <p>Rewards to the people in the management are often debated in media, at the same time the personnel is considered to be the company’s most important asset. This paper intends to examine which rewards “ordinary” staff members have a share in. A case study at the company OKQ8 has been undertaken to illustrate the intentions, design, expectations, results and the future for a number of incentive systems applied practically. Data have been collected through personal interviews and observations. The author’s most important conclusions are that communication and justice play a crucial role when an incentive system is implemented. It is crucial to illuminate these factors and take it into consideration for better designed incentive systems in the future.</p>

Purpose: To explore what are the consumers’ attitudes towards mobile advertising in a social media context. Research questions: What are the consumers’ attitudes towards entertainment, credibility, irritation and informativeness in mobile advertising? What are the consumers’ attitudes towards permission-based advertising and incentivebased advertising in mobile advertising in social media context? Theoretical framework: This study was based on theories that helped to understand what are the consumers’ attitudes towards mobile advertising, what are the attitudes towards the dimensions of mobile advertising and the types of mobile advertising. A model was presented in order to have a clear picture of the existing theories in this field. Methodology: The authors used a qualitative research and the method chosen for data collection was semi-structured interviews and a case study, Snapchat (mobile application). Conclusions: After this process the authors could conclude that consumers’ attitudes towards mobile advertising in social media were negative. The strongest feeling among consumers that would influence their attitudes was irritation. The consumers’ negative attitudes can be related to control. When giving them control their attitudes can be positive. Rewards can positively influence consumers’ attitudes as well. According to the findings in this study high rewards should be given to consumers in high engagement situations.

The pleasurable and euphoric effects of drugs play an important role in drug abuse; however, there are no established preclinical models for directly assessing the hedonic effects of drugs in rodents. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate rat ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) as a potential method for measuring positive affective states associated with amphetamine reinforcement. USVs are high-frequency social signals that rats use to communicate with one another. Calls in the 50-kHz range are thought to be a sign of positive affect, since they are elicited by naturally rewarding stimuli, and are modulated by mesolimbic dopamine activity. At the time this dissertation was begun, the majority of USV research focused on natural rewards, such as sex and social interactions, and the USVs associated with repeated exposure to a drug or appetitive desire for a drug had not been studied. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was to characterize the production of 50-kHz USVs during repeated administration of amphetamine within different paradigms commonly used to study the behavioral and motivational effects of stimulants in rats. First, I found that the 50-kHz USVs elicited by amphetamine were sensitized by repeated exposure, showing that USV expression parallels the sensitization of mesolimbic circuitry that is involved in the development of addiction. Second, I found that rats produce conditioned anticipatory 50-kHz USVs during exposure to cues that predicted amphetamine, with the magnitude of anticipatory calling increasing as drug-cue associations were learned and strengthened. Third, I found that the number of unconditioned 50-kHz USVs produced during the initial amphetamine exposure predicted the subsequent expression of anticipatory 50-kHz USVs, the development of conditioned place preference for an amphetamine-paired environment, and corticosterone responses to the drug. Overall, these findings suggest that 50-kHz USVs are an expression of behavioral arousal associated with both the positive effects of amphetamine itself, and the incentive-motivational states elicited by drug-paired cues. In addition, they show that the intensity of the initial 50-kHz USV response to amphetamine reflects individual differences in sensitivity to drug reinforcement. / text

This dissertation performs economic analysis of search advertising from a comprehensive picture of the competition facing advertisers---by incorporating the price competition to endogenously investigate advertisers' bidding incentive, and taking into account consumers' online search and the unique information structure associated with the search advertising format. It consists of three essays based on game-theoretic modeling. The first essay studies the oligopolistic price competition among advertisers placed in different advertising positions, considering distinctive features of consumers’ online search behaviors. We find an interesting local-competition pattern in which direct price competition occurs only between advertisers adjacent to each other. The second essay integrates the price competition into the bidding competition and investigates the endogenous bidding incentives of advertisers with different competitive strengths. Surprisingly, we find that an advertising position with a better exposure may not always be profitable for the advertisers with competitive advantage, even if it is cost free. We also show that the bidding outcome might not align with the relative competitive strength. The third essay further considers the effects of organic listing as a competing information source on the sponsored bidding competition and the outcome performances in search advertising. It provides answers to questions such as whether and why advertisers with sufficient exposure from the organic list may still be willing to bid for top sponsored positions, and how the existence of organic listing affects search engine’s revenue, consumer surplus, and social welfare. / text