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Conflict among members of the United States Congress has been a regular occurrence throughout our nation's history. Existing literature suggests that some amount of conflict is essential to healthy deliberation, but that too much discord can be harmful and unproductive. The Progressive Era is unique in that legislative productivity increased to unprecedented heights. The theory driving this research is that the type, quality, and absolute level of legislative conflict in the Progressive Era can help explain this productivity. Specifically, the research holds that legislative conflict is multidimensional and that partisan difference, representing one form of legislative conflict, can aid productivity while personal incivilities, a second form of conflict, detract from productivity. After controlling for such variables as the budget situation, the competence of the sitting president, divided government and majority party cohesiveness, this thesis finds that, indeed, the Progressive Era does witness higher levels of partisan conflict and less personal incivility than either the period immediately preceding or subsequent to the Era.

Yes / Workplace incivility is a pervasive complex problem within health care. Incivility manifests as subtle disrespectful behaviours, which seem inconsequential. However, evidence demonstrates that incivility can be harmful to targets and witnesses through negative emotions, poorer mental health, reduced job satisfaction, diminished performance and compromised patient care. It is unclear to what extent existing research critically explores how ethnicity, culture and racism influence how hospital staff experience incivility. This global scoping review systematically analysed existing research exploring the specific ways incivility manifests and impacts racially minoritised hospital workers. Of 2636 academic and 101 grey literature articles, 32 were included. Incivility experiences were categorised into four themes: (1) Cultural control, (2) Rejection of work contributions, (3) Disempowerment at work and (4) Managerial indifference. The included articles highlighted detrimental consequences, such as negative emotions, silencing, withdrawal and reduced support-seeking behaviours. Few studies presented evidence regarding the negative impacts of incivility on patient care. Racialisation and racial dynamics are a significant factor for hospital-based incivility. Currently we do not know the extent to which racialised incivility is associated directly or, perhaps either via burnout or disengagement, indirectly with poorer care. This knowledge can inform the creation of comprehensive, evidence-based interventions to address this important issue. / National Institute for Health Research Yorkshire and Humber Patient Safety Research Collaboration

The study's purpose is evaluating the relationship between locus of control and selfesteem in relation to the registered nurse's experience and perception with lateral and vertical incivility. There is a lack of research concerning nurse-to-nurse incivility within the nursing profession. The hypothesis examined whether dynamics of locus of control and self-esteem could provide insight into the personality dynamics influencing incivility in the workplace. This non-experimental quantitative study used 2 self-evaluation tools and 1 demographic survey tool to collect data via Survey Monkey, a commercial data collection company. Participants were 65 randomly selected faculty (n = 36) and graduate students (n = 29) from schools of nursing in Southern California, all active practitioners. Descriptive statistics provided the demographic data and RNs' experience of incivility analysis. Inferential statistics, t-test, and Pearson's correlation analyzed the relationships between study variables. Study results indicated no significant negative relationship between RNs' perceived experience with lateral and vertical incivility, and RNs' level of self-esteem and locus of control. Participants indicated a greater than 80% experience with incivility in the work place either directed at the participant or towards a colleague. The study results will be of interest to health provider managers as a means of insight into the pervasiveness of incivility in the workforce. The study indicated the problem of professional incivility is widely encountered, it rules out the hypotheses that self-esteem and locus of control are related to the problem, and it encourages the need for further study as to the etiology and dynamics of the problem.

Current research indicates that abrasive conduct or incivility is on the rise in higher education and Ombuds are in a unique position to address this behavior. By applying transcendental phenomenological methodology to examine Ombuds experience when handling these types of cases and how the complex structures of higher education impact what they do, this study provides insights into how other institutions and organizations can address the rise in abrasive conduct amongst university faculty, staff and students. I interviewed ten university Ombuds experienced with cases of incivility, and I asked them open-ended questions regarding how they define and identify abrasive conduct. I also asked them questions regarding their roles and how they work within the structure of academia. I analyzed the data gathered from these interviews using Moustakas’ (1994) modification of the Van Kaam Method. Four common themes emerged from the data analysis. The four theses are listed below: The Visitor’s story is the Ombuds experience How Ombuds define and identify abrasive conduct The powerful impact of the academic structure Guiding dynamics and the role of the Ombuds The results of this research provide insight to Ombuds and organizations regarding how the Ombuds role can help identify, address and prevent abrasive conduct.

Previous studies have established that for some people a typical day at work starts with immense feelings of distress, anxiety and irritability caused by workplace bullying. Not only does bullying behaviour in the workplace have a negative impact on a person’s professional life, but it is also detrimental to the effectiveness of the organisation. A survey focussing on the perceived exposure to bullying and victimisation in the workplace was administered to a sample of 159 employees employed by a mine in Mpumalanga. The results uncovered that more than a quarter of the participants reported that they had experienced workplace bullying. The study also discovered that line managers experienced more negative acts than senior managers. While those who only experience a brief spell of bullying behaviour at work survive their experience relatively unscathed, previous studies have also indicated that others are affected in a significant physical and psychological way. In conclusion this study determined that workplace bullying is an actual occurrence, not only internationally but also in South Africa. Employees and employers can therefore only benefit from understanding this unique workplace phenomenon. This article provides the opportunity for employed people to recognise the nature and prevalence of workplace bullying in order to prevent it from becoming a silent epidemic. Researchers generally accept that bullying is behaviour that is aggressive or negative and carried out repeatedly. Previous research established that bullying can occur in any context where people interact. This article open by synthesising a conceptual framework of negative acts as an interactive form of organisational behaviour from the available literature. Empirical research was done in order to investigate the prevalence of negative acts. The study found that more than a quarter of the participants had experienced bullying at some stage during their career with managers and supervisors predominantly reported as the perpetrators. The study also found that behaviour that tends to isolate individuals was generally reported as the most frequently experienced form of negative acts. By understanding workplace bullying both employers will be able to implement influence strategies aimed at dealing with this workplace phenomenon at levels of protection, intervention and dispute resolution. In conclusion it has been established that workplace bullying is not only a real problem in international workplaces, but also in South Africa. This means that employers not only have to cope with the consequences of employees performing badly but also behaving badly. This article presents an opportunity to understand negative behaviour in the workplace. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronaldo Gomes Souza.pdf: 614369 bytes, checksum: 53c49aec7c2b0624f67dc2d8404fc923 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-25 / One of psychosocial factors determining the sense of insecurity are called the incivility that is a central theme in understanding the phenomenon of urban violence, once that occurs by living in harmony breaks that signal a break with social norms and values. Formed as the "enemy" of citizenship, especially with regard to community ties housing, incivilities affect also the expectations of cohabitation and social pacts that pervades human relations. The phenomenon of urban violence has been based on the theory of social representations, considered as a functional view of the world, allowing the individual to the group and give meaning to their behaviors and understand reality through their own system of references, and adapt and find a place in this reality. This dissertation builds on the previous project funded by CAPES / Cofecub, "Systems of Symbolic Mediation of Violence in Schools", whose aim was to understand how the phenomenon of incivility is and verify the relationship between incivilities and feeling of insecurity in the context of social representation of violence on residents of the municipality of Goiânia, as well as teachers and students from schools in Goiânia. And to this end, it was used data from three studies, funded by FINEP and CNPq, in different historical contexts and methodologies from the questionnaires in residents of Goiânia, teachers and students of public schools, also the city of Goiânia . The results indicate that the issue of incivilities are perceived by residents associated with the clutter of urban spaces, indicating thereby the difficulty of both the informal institutions, such as family, as the formal ones to deal with this phenomenon and in the case of the State, in fulfilling the promises of social integration. In the school context, otherwise, it was noticeable that both the students and teachers recognized the schools as violent places, as well as the existence of incivilities, compromising the relationships between people constitute these spaces. It concludes one must reassess the research instrument of the second study to improve the verification of the relationship of incivility and sense of security, enhance the public spaces of coexistence become a necessary alternative to reverse the landscape of myth and trivialization violence, suggesting that there be established a concept of citizen security, fostering citizenship. / Um dos fatores psicossociais determinantes do sentimento de insegurança são as chamadas incivilidades que é um tema central na compreensão do fenômeno da violência urbana, uma vez que se dá por quebras de convívio em harmonia que sinalizam uma ruptura com as normas e valores sociais. Constituída como a inimiga da cidadania, especialmente no tocante aos vínculos comunitários de moradia, as incivilidades atingem, também, as expectativas em relação à convivência e os pactos sociais que perpassam as relações humanas. O fenômeno da violência urbana foi baseado na teoria das Representações Sociais, consideradas enquanto uma visão funcional do mundo, permitindo ao indivíduo e ao grupo dar um sentido às suas condutas e compreender a realidade por meio de seu próprio sistema de referências, bem como adaptar e encontrar um lugar nessa realidade. A presente dissertação dá continuidade ao projeto anterior financiado pelo convênio CAPES/Cofecub, Sistemas de Mediação Simbólica da Violência na Escola , cujo objetivo foi compreender como se dá o fenômeno da incivilidade e verificar a relação entre incivilidades e sentimento de insegurança no contexto da representação social da violência de moradores do município de Goiânia, bem como professores e estudantes de escolas em Goiânia. E, para tal, foram utilizados dados de três estudos, financiados pelo CNPq e FINEP, em contextos históricos e metodológicos diferentes a partir da aplicação de questionários nos moradores do município de Goiânia, professores e estudantes adolescentes de escolas públicas, também do município de Goiânia. Os resultados apontam que o tema das incivilidades percebidas pelos moradores estão associado à desorganização dos espaços urbanos, indicando, dessa forma, a dificuldade tanto das instituições informais, como a família, como as formais de lidarem com tal fenômeno e, no caso do Estado, em cumprir as promessas de integração social. Já no contexto escolar, foi possível notar que tantos os estudantes quanto os professores reconheceram as escolas enquanto espaços violentos, bem como a existência de incivilidades, comprometendo a convivência entre as pessoas que constituem tais espaços. Conclui-se que deve-se reavaliar o instrumento de pesquisa do Estudo 2 para melhorar a verificação da relação de incivilidade e sentimento de segurança, reforçar os espaços públicos de convivência tornando-se uma alternativa necessária a fim de reverter o panorama de banalização e mitificação da violência, sugerindo a existência de ser instituída uma concepção de segurança cidadã, fomentando a cidadania .

Incivility is rude or discourteous behavior that demonstrates a lack of respect for others. Some nurses ignore the dictates of professionalism and exhibit a total disregard for colleagues and peers by purposefully targeting each other with uncivil behaviors. Incivility has invaded the nursing educational environment with deleterious results. Uncivil behaviors perpetrated by nursing students against other nursing students cause psychological and physiological distress for victims and witnesses. The purposes of this quantitative descriptive study were to identify the behaviors that constituted lateral student-to-student incivility, determine the frequency of experienced student-to-student incivility, and describe the coping strategies employed by prelicensure registered nursing students experiencing lateral student-to-student incivility. Prelicensure registered nursing students in associate degree, baccalaureate degree, and diploma programs were recruited online using nonprobability convenience sampling through the email member list of a national student nursing organization. Participants completed the Ways of Coping (Revised)* survey and the Incivility in Nursing Education Revised (INE-R) Survey anonymously online via email accounts. The response rate was 38%. Four behaviors are identified as highly uncivil by 83.1% to 86.1% of the 373 participants: (1) making threatening statements about weapons; (2) threats of physical harm against others; (3) property damage; and (4) making discriminating comments directed toward others. The most frequently occurring incivility behavior (n = 202; 54.2%) is the use of media devices for purposes unrelated to the current educational task. Planful problem-solving (PP) is the coping strategy employed by most participants (n = 88, 23.6%). Data was analyzed comparing participants’ nursing program levels, ages, genders, and ethnicities using descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis analyses. There were no statistically significant differences across these variables.