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The dissertation investigates the behaviour of timber-concrete connections with inclined screws – the load carrying capacity and deformability. The essen¬tial objects of investigation are the load carrying capacity of inclined screws; the modules of connection slip deformation, and the mechanical properties of mate¬rials and ware of which the connection is made. The load-carrying capacity of the connection depends on the properties of the material of connected member and the connectors, on which depends the strength and stiffness of the composite member. The main aim of dissertation is to create the connection load carrying capacity predicting model, based on the more realistic behaviour of the material of connected members; to prepare the simplified approach for load-carrying capacity predicting model for composite timber-concrete connections within at any angle in respect to timber grain in¬clined crews. The paper approaches a few major tasks such as the choice of suitable load-carrying capacity predicting base model; preparing it to composite timber-con¬crete connections with inclined screws; the experimental investigation of con¬nection with inclined screws under long- and short term loading; the experi¬mental investigation of properties of connected materials and type of used con¬nectors; the evaluation of created predictive model based on results also of other researchers experimental investigations. / Disertacijoje nagrinėjama kompozitinės medinės-betoninės jungties su įžambiai šlyties plokštumai orientuotais medsraigčiais elgsena – laikomoji galia ir deformacinės savybės. Pagrindiniai tyrimų objektai yra įžambiai medienos pluoštui orientuotų medsraigčių laikomoji galia, slinkties deformacijų moduliai ir mechaninės jungtį sudarančių elementų savybės, veikiančios jungties elgseną. Nuo medsraigčio ašies posvyrio kampo, deformacinių po medsraigčiu glemžiamos ir ištraukiamos medienos ir lenkiamo medsraigčio savybių priklauso ir jungties irties pobūdis, laikomoji galia ir slinkties deformacijų moduliai, o nuo pastarųjų – kompozitinio elemento stiprumas ir standumas. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas yra sukurti skaičiavimo modelį tokių jungčių laikomajai galiai nuspėti, kuo tiksliau atsižvelgiant į medžiagų ir elementų mechanines savybes; pateikti supaprastintą skaičiuojamąjį modelį, skirtą bet kokiu kampu medienos pluošto atžvilgiu įsriegtų medsraigčių laikomajai galiai nuspėti. Darbe sprendžiami keli pagrindiniai uždaviniai: tinkamo pamatinio jungties laikomąją galią vertinančio skaičiuojamojo modelio parinkimas, jo pritaikymas įžambiai medienos pluoštui orientuotiems medsraigčiams; trumpalaikis ir ilgalaikis eksperimentinis įžambinės medsraigtinės jungties laikomosios galios tyrimas ir vertinimas; kitų autorių eksperimentinių rezultatų vertinimas sukurtajam jungties laikomąją galią vertinančiam modeliui pagrįsti.

Disertacijoje nagrinėjama kompozitinės medinės-betoninės jungties su įžambiai šlyties plokštumai orientuotais medsraigčiais elgsena – laikomoji galia ir deformacinės savybės. Pagrindiniai tyrimų objektai yra įžambiai medienos pluoštui orientuotų medsraigčių laikomoji galia, slinkties deformacijų moduliai ir mechaninės jungtį sudarančių elementų savybės, veikiančios jungties elgseną. Nuo medsraigčio ašies posvyrio kampo, deformacinių po medsraigčiu glemžiamos ir ištraukiamos medienos ir lenkiamo medsraigčio savybių priklauso ir jungties irties pobūdis, laikomoji galia ir slinkties deformacijų moduliai, o nuo pastarųjų – kompozitinio elemento stiprumas ir standumas. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas yra sukurti skaičiavimo modelį tokių jungčių laikomajai galiai nuspėti, kuo tiksliau atsižvelgiant į medžiagų ir elementų mechanines savybes; pateikti supaprastintą skaičiuojamąjį modelį, skirtą bet kokiu kampu medienos pluošto atžvilgiu įsriegtų medsraigčių laikomajai galiai nuspėti. Darbe sprendžiami keli pagrindiniai uždaviniai: tinkamo pamatinio jungties laikomąją galią vertinančio skaičiuojamojo modelio parinkimas, jo pritaikymas įžambiai medienos pluoštui orientuotiems medsraigčiams; trumpalaikis ir ilgalaikis eksperimentinis įžambinės medsraigtinės jungties laikomosios galios tyrimas ir vertinimas; kitų autorių eksperimentinių rezultatų vertinimas sukurtajam jungties laikomąją galią vertinančiam modeliui pagrįsti. / The dissertation investigates the behaviour of timber-concrete connections with inclined screws – the load carrying capacity and deformability. The essen¬tial objects of investigation are the load carrying capacity of inclined screws; the modules of connection slip deformation, and the mechanical properties of mate¬rials and ware of which the connection is made. The load-carrying capacity of the connection depends on the properties of the material of connected member and the connectors, on which depends the strength and stiffness of the composite member. The main aim of dissertation is to create the connection load carrying capacity predicting model, based on the more realistic behaviour of the material of connected members; to prepare the simplified approach for load-carrying capacity predicting model for composite timber-concrete connections within at any angle in respect to timber grain in¬clined crews. The paper approaches a few major tasks such as the choice of suitable load-carrying capacity predicting base model; preparing it to composite timber-con¬crete connections with inclined screws; the experimental investigation of con¬nection with inclined screws under long- and short term loading; the experi¬mental investigation of properties of connected materials and type of used con¬nectors; the evaluation of created predictive model based on results also of other researchers experimental investigations.

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo associado à separação de gás para escoamento gás-líquido em um duto anular inclinado. Esse tipo de escoamento e geometria são encontrados em separadores de gás do tipo shroud invertido na indústria de petróleo quando utilizadas técnicas de bombeamento para a exploração de poços. A presença de gás livre a montante da bomba é uma das maiores limitações dos sistemas de bombeamento, por acarretar cavitação e falhas dinâmicas nos equipamentos. O presente estudo tem por objetivo garantir a separação total de gás livre a montante da bomba através da proposição de um separador do tipo shroud invertido em tubulação inclinada para aplicação na exploração de petróleo em poços direcionais. Um estudo experimental com ar e água como fluidos de trabalho a pressão quase atmosférica foi desenvolvido visando a compreensão da fenomenologia do separador shroud invertido. Foram observados escoamentos em duto anular do tipo: bifásico gás-líquido ascendente, monofásico em canal livre e bifásico gás-líquido descendente devido ao fenômeno de aeração; foram coletados também dados de eficiência de separação em função do ângulo de inclinação, vazão do líquido e queda de pressão entre o shroud e a saída do tubo de produção. Encontrou-se uma variável de extrema importância no fenômeno de separação até agora não reportada na literatura: o nível do anular interno do shroud (NAI). Um modelo fenomenológico que prevê a separação total do gás foi desenvolvido a partir da interpretação dos fenômenos físicos observados experimentalmente. Uma correlação inédita para a modelagem do fenômeno de dissipação de energia cinética turbulenta vinculado à separação do gás é proposta. O modelo foi validado qualitativamente com dados da literatura e ajustado com os dados coletados neste trabalho, mostrando boa concordância. / This paper presents a study associated with gas separation in an inclined gas-liquid annular-duct flow. This type of flow and geometry are found in shroud-inverted gas separators applied to petroleum industries when using pumping technique for oil production. High void fraction at the pump suction of is one of the most important limitations of the SCP technique, causing cavitation and dynamics failures in the equipment. The present study aims to provide a solution for the total gas separation through the use of an innovative inclined inverted-shroud separator for directional wells. An experimental study, where air and water at near atmospheric pressure constituted the working fluids, was carried out to understand the phenomenology of the inclined inverted-shroud separator. Different annular-duct flows were observed: upward gas-liquid flow, single-phase open channel flow, downward gas-liquid flow due to the phenomenon of aeration; also new data of separation efficiency were collected as a function of inclination angle, liquid flow rate and pressure drop between the shroud and production pipe outlet. One of the most significant findings is that the liquid level of the inner annular channel (NAI) of the shroud is a very important variable in the phenomenon of separation; so far this was not reported in the literature. Based on the observations, a phenomenological model that predicts total gas separation is proposed. A new correlation for the modeling of the dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy associated with the gas separation is presented. The model was qualitatively compared with available data from the literature and quantitatively adjusted against the new experimental data obtained in this work, and the agreement was quite good.

Experimental observations indicate the presence of attached, gravity induced, horizontal buoyant currents above large area fires. Their driving mechanism is indirect and resembles the one observed above heated horizontal plates. Classic plume modelling is satisfactory for providing information for the flow far from the source. In dealing with large areas and directing attention to the flow close to the source, the classic plume theory should fail because the radial pressure gradient that is responsible for the driving of the flow is squeezed in the long and thin classic plume assumption. For this we propose a new plume structure for the description of the buoyant flow above a circular region of large radius L as “The flow field must be divided into three regions. A region where the flow is predominantly horizontal and attached to the surface, a transition region from horizontal to vertical where separation of the attached current takes place, and a region where vertical flow is established and classic plume theory can be applied”. A model for the description of the gross properties of the horizontal currents is developed under the term “horizontal plume”. The modified Richardson number for the horizontal plume a, being analogous to the radius of the large area, is studied asymptotically in the limit a → ∞ and second order uniformly valid semi-analytical solutions are obtained. The hot plate experiment was set up in order to test the model and facilitate its improvement. A chapter is dedicated to the data analysis coming from thermocouple readings and visualisation of the flow using particle image velocimetry.In the remainder of this thesis two classic problems of laminar natural convection are revisited. That of the first order laminar boundary layer above an isothermal circular plate of radius a and the first order laminar boundary layer above the semi- infinite plate inclined to horizontal. In both cases allowances to variable property effects were made through the introduction of a nondimensional parameter λT, with its value set to zero implying the assumption of the Boussinesq approximation. For the circular plate, fourth order series solutions were obtained valid at the edge of the plate where the effects of λT and Prandtl number Pr are studied. Furthermore a finite difference scheme for the numerical solution of the nonsimilar partial integro- differential equation was developed using the Keller Box method and compared with results obtained from the commercial finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a. For the semi-infinite plate, fourth order series approximations valid at the edge of the plate were obtained, while an extensive analysis for the effect of λT, Pr and inclination parameter σ was performed on the flow. Positions of the separation points when the inclination is negative (σ < 0) as a function of Pr and λT were recovered.

El presente trabajo de investigación trata de la influencia de la inclinación de pozas disipadoras en la pérdida de energía en ríos de alta pendiente. Para ello, se tomó como caso de estudio la bocatoma San Pedro (Ayacucho, Perú). Se presenta el modelamiento numérico de la bocatoma en el software de dinámica de fluidos computacional, IBER, con el fin de obtener resultados hidráulicos en la estructura: tirante, velocidad, energía, Froude y tensión de fondo. El principal objetivo es mejorar la eficiencia del funcionamiento de las pozas disipadoras en ríos de alta pendiente. Asimismo, conocer las características hidráulicas del río San Pedro, que representa un flujo de alta pendiente. La metodología empleada fue la recoilación de información del caso de estudio, la cual fue validada con los resultados de los modelamientos en los programas HEC-RAS e IBER. Del mismo modo, se diseñaron 5 bocatomas con pozas disipadoras de distintas pendientes: 0%, 1.52%, 3.04%, 4.56% y 6.08%. Se modelaron en el software IBER y se exportaron los resultados a Excel. Estos modelos numéricos fueron validados mediante el Análisis de Sensibilidad. En consecuencia, se compararon los valores de energía aguas abajo de las distintas pozas propuestas. Finalmente, con los resultados del estudio se concluye que la poza disipadora de 3.04% es la más apropiada para el río San Pedro, pues pierde un 30% de energía más con respecto a la poza horizontal y reduce la velocidad en 4.9% en comparación a la poza de inclinación de 6.08%. / This research work deals with the influence stilling basin slope on energy loss in high slope rivers. Taking as a case study the water intake San Pedro (Ayacucho, Peru). Numerical modeling of water intake is presented in computational fluid dynamics software, IBER, in order to obtain the hydraulic results in the structure: hydraulic depth, velocity, energy, Froude and shear stress. The main objective is to improve efficiency of stilling basins operation in rivers with high slope. Also, know the hydraulic characteristics of the San Pedro River, which represents a high slope river. The methodology used was the collection of case study information, was validated with the results of modeling in the HEC-RAS and IBER programs. Similarly, five dissipation basins of different slopes were modeled: 0%, 1.52%, 3.04%, 4.56% and 6.08%. They were modeled in IBER software, and the results were exported to Excel. These numerical models were validated by Sensitivity Analysis. Consequently, the downstream energy values of the different proposed stilling basins were compared. Finally, the results of the study conclude that the 3.04% slope dissipative basin is the most appropriate for the San Pedro river, as it loses 30% more energy than the horizontal basin and reduces the velocity by 4.9% compared to the 6.08% inclined basin. This proposed stilling basins will feature an alphaizer on the End of the breakwater that will be calculated with Peterka's monograph shown in the bibliography. / Tesis

The content of the thesis is a proposal of steel load-bearing structure (carrying structure of a steel) bridge of the span of 31+74+31m with the bottom bridge deck taking over the second-class road in the territory of Olomouc city. The bridge deck is created by composite steel-concrete slab with crossbars. The solution was focused on using arched construction in the middle of the bridge with different tilt of arches to the horizontal central axis of the bridge. Under the term of the solution four alternatives have been calculated. The most optimal solution was selected and processed in detail. The calculations were made in compliance with the Czech technical norms ČSN EN.

L’instabilité chronique de la cheville (CAI) est un fardeau socioéconomique important qui entraine des répercussions néfastes chez la population atteinte, comme des récidives d’entorses de la cheville (ELC), qui peuvent notamment s’expliquer par des déficits biomécaniques aux membres inférieurs. Ces déficits sont notamment observés lors d’activités quotidiennes comme la marche, mais aussi lors de tâches plus difficiles comme l’atterrissage d’un saut. Par contre, les impacts biomécaniques réels d’une CAI lors de la locomotion ne sont pas encore clairement décrits. Les orthèses plantaires sont couramment utilisées dans le traitement de pathologies musculosquelettiques pour modifier les variables biomécaniques des membres inférieurs (cinématique, cinétique et électromyographie) responsables de ces pathologies. Bien que leurs effets sur la biomécanique du membre inférieur d’individus atteints d’une CAI soient encore méconnus, les orthèses plantaires pourraient permettre de les traiter plus efficacement. Les objectifs principaux de cette thèse étaient de déterminer les déficits biomécaniques associés à la CAI lors de la locomotion et lesquels de ces déficits peuvent être atténués avec le port d’orthèses plantaires. L’Étude 1 consistait à réaliser une revue systématique de la littérature sur les impacts biomécaniques d’une CAI lors d’une tâche de marche et de course. L’Étude 2 consistait à identifier les différences biomécaniques entre des individus avec et sans CAI à la marche. L’Étude 3 consistait à déterminer les différences biomécaniques entre des individus avec et sans CAI lors de l’atterrissage d’un saut unipodal sur une surface plane (DROP), inclinée (WEDGE) et instable (FOAM) ainsi qu’à l’atterrissage d’un saut latéral maximal unipodal (SIDE). Finalement, l’Étude 4 consistait à déterminer les effets des orthèses plantaires sur la biomécanique du membre inférieur d’individus atteints d’une CAI lors des tâches de marche et d’atterrissage d’un saut unipodal. À la marche, les individus atteints d’une CAI présentent de nombreux déficits biomécaniques qui pourraient les prédisposer à subir d’autres ELC, notamment une augmentation de l’inversion et de la flexion plantaire de la cheville. Ces augmentations de mouvement à la cheville contribuent à augmenter les forces verticales latérales au pied, à modifier la cinématique et la cinétique du genou ainsi que l’activité des muscles moyen fessier et long fibulaire. Lors de l’atterrissage d’un saut unipodal, les individus atteints d’une CAI présentent une augmentation de la dorsiflexion de la cheville afin de stabiliser l’articulation. Lors de la tâche WEDGE, la diminution de la préactivation musculaire du long fibulaire pourrait mettre ces individus plus à risque de subir d’autres ELC. De plus, le port d’orthèses plantaires diminue l’activité musculaire du tibial antérieur lors de la tâche DROP et du biceps fémoral à la marche chez des individus atteints d’une CAI. Elles semblent n’avoir aucun effet significatif sur la cinématique et cinétique du membre inférieur lors de la marche et l’atterrissage d’un saut unipodal. Finalement, cette thèse permet de mieux identifier les déficits biomécaniques à adresser lors de l’élaboration de plan de traitement pour les individus atteints d’une CAI et de mieux comprendre les effets des orthèses plantaires pour atténuer ces déficits. / Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a major socioeconomic burden and has adverse repercussions for the affected population, such as recurrence of lateral ankle sprains (LAS), which could be explained by lower limb biomechanical deficits. These deficits are observed during daily activities such as walking but also during more difficult tasks such as jump landing. However, the real impact of CAI during locomotion has not yet been clearly described. Foot orthoses are commonly used to treat musculoskeletal pathologies because they modify lower limb biomechanics (kinematics, kinetics and electromyography). However, their effects on lower limb’s biomechanics of individuals with CAI are still unknown. Foot orthoses may help to treat the individuals with CAI more effectively. The main objectives of this thesis were to determine the biomechanical deficits associated with CAI during locomotion and which of these deficits can be attenuated with foot orthoses. Study 1 consisted of systematically reviewing the literature on the biomechanical deficits associated with CAI during walking and running. Study 2 consisted of identifying the biomechanical differences between individuals with and without CAI during walking. Study 3 consisted of determining the biomechanical differences between individuals with and without CAI during unilateral jump landing on even (DROP), inclined (WEDGE) and unstable (FOAM) surfaces and during a unilateral maximal side jump landing (SIDE). Study 4 consisted of determining the effects of foot orthoses on lower limb’s biomechanics of individuals with CAI during walking and unilateral jump landing. During walking, individuals with CAI present many biomechanical deficits that may predispose them to sustain recurrent LAS, including increased ankle inversion and plantarflexion. These contribute to increase the lateral vertical forces under the foot, to modify knee kinematics and kinetics as well as the activity of the gluteus medius and peroneus longus muscles. During unilateral jump landing, individuals with CAI present increased ankle dorsiflexion in order to stabilize the joint. During the WEDGE task, the decreased peroneus longus muscle preactivation could put these individuals at greater risk of sustaining recurrent LAS. In addition, wearing foot orthoses decreases the muscular activity of the tibialis anterior during the DROP task and the biceps femoris during walking in individuals with CAI. FOs have no significant effect on the kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb during walking and unilateral jump landing. Finally, the results of this thesis will help to better identify the biomechanical deficits to be addressed during rehabilitation for individuals with CAI and to better understand the effects of foot orthoses to attenuate these deficits.

<p>Two-phase modeling and simulation capabilities are strongly dependent on the accuracy of flow regime identification methods. Flow regimes have traditionally been determined through visual observation, resulting in subjective classifications that are susceptible to inconsistencies and disagreements between researchers. Since the majority of two-phase flow studies have been concentrated around vertical and horizontal pipe orientations, flow patterns in inclined pipes are not well-understood. Moreover, they may not be adequately described by conventional flow regimes which were conceptualized for vertical and horizontal flows. Recent work has explored applying machine learning methods to vertical and horizontal flow regime identification to help remedy the subjectivity of classification. Such methods have not, however, been successfully applied to inclined flow orientations. In this study, two novel unsupervised machine learning methods are proposed: a modular configuration of multiple machine learning algorithms that is adaptable to different pipe orientations, and a second universal approach consisting of several layered algorithms which is capable of performing flow regime classification for data spanning multiple orientations. To support this endeavor, an experimental database is established using a dual-ring impedance meter. The signals obtained by the impedance meter are capable of conveying distinct features of the various flow patterns observed in vertical, horizontal, and inclined pipes. Inputs to the unsupervised learning algorithms consist of statistical measures computed from these signals. A novel conceptualization for flow pattern classification is developed, which maps three statistical parameters from the data to red, green, and blue primary color intensities. By combining the three components, a flow pattern map can be developed wherein similar colors are produced by flow conditions with like statistics, transforming the way flow regimes are represented on a flow regime map. The resulting dynamic RGB flow pattern map provides a physical representation of gradual changes in flow patterns as they transition from one regime to another. By replacing the static transition boundaries with physically informed, dynamic gradients between flow patterns, transitional flow patterns may be described with far greater accuracy. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in generating objective flow regime maps, providing a basis for further research on the characterization of two-phase flow patterns in inclined pipes. The three proposed methods are compared and evaluated against flow regime maps found in literature.</p>