Thesis (M. Ed.) --University of Limpopo, 2018 / The purpose of this study is to describe the extent to which universities prepare student teachers for inclusive education implementation, using University of Limpopo as a case. The study followed a qualitative research approach where a case study design was adopted. The study population consisted of all the third year students in the school of education. Eight student teachers were recruited to participate in the study through a purposive sampling strategy. The data was collected through two methods, namely interviews and document analysis. The data was analysed through thematic content analysis where themes were developed based on the verbatim transcripts from the data collected. The study came out with six findings namely: Lack of a clear understanding of what inclusive education is, lack of comprehensive course material, lack practical experience (the gap between theory and practise), no clear policies on teaching, learning and assessment in inclusive education, teaching strategy used by the lecturer is ineffective; and unpreparedness in teaching a diverse classroom. These findings implicate that the current training is insufficient to prepare students to effectively implement inclusive education. The study recommends that the current program be revised and repacked in order to advance the ideals of inclusive education in South Africa

Denna systematiska litteraturstudie behandlar ämnet inkludering inom specialpedagogiken. Såväl svenska som internationella forskares syn på inkludering och vägen dit. Studien utreder begreppen kategorisering och inkludering. Syftet med undersökningen var att identifiera ett par möjligheter som gynnar inkludering och ett inkluderande arbetssätt som kan användas i den svenska skolan.  Metoden som användes var en systematisk litteraturstudie med relevant forskning som källor.  Resultaten pekade på tre möjligheter som kan bidra till inkludering, delaktighet och deltagande, tid och lärarens kunskaper och attityder till ett inkluderande arbetssätt. Resultatet diskuteras sedan under diskussionskapitlet och slutsatser dras.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Delaware, 2008. / Principal faculty advisor: Robert Hampel, School of Education. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-119).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-119). Also available in print.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral compreender como ocorre o processo de comunicação de pessoas com surdocegueira congênita a partir da produção e do uso de recursos de comunicação alternativa. Foram utilizados como referencial teórico os estudos de Maia (2004, 2011), Galvão (2010), Keller (2008), Cormedi (2011, 2012), Cambruzzi (2007) e Silva (2012). Para conhecimento do campo teórico, foram realizadas buscas nas plataformas: Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd), Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e SciELO. Essas buscas ocorreram em tessitura com a prospecção de dados sobre a matrícula de alunos com surdocegueira em escolas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir das informações constantes no site do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) e do contato com a Secretaria de Educação Especial do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (SEDUC), com a Fundação de Articulação e Desenvolvimento de Políticas Públicas para Pessoas com Deficiência e com Altas Habilidades no Rio Grande do Sul (FADERS) e com gestores de municípios. A partir das informações obtidas dos dados do INEP, foram selecionadas duas crianças com surdocegueira congênita. Em consequência, suas famílias e professoras também foram envolvidas na pesquisa. Os critérios de seleção foram ser uma criança com surdocegueira e estar matriculada nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de alguma escola do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A metodologia de pesquisa constituiu-se por 10 encontros com os alunos na escola. A fim de identificar estratégias e recursos utilizados em situações comunicativas, foram utilizados quatro instrumentos: construção de mapas, visitas realizadas nas casas das crianças, entrevistas com as professoras e observações. Os resultados das observações evidenciaram que os mediadores: família e professoras tinham formas de se comunicar com as crianças, algumas ações e reações eram percebidas com sentido e significado, mas não havia reconhecimento disso. Essas formas de comunicação expressiva e receptiva precisavam ser reconhecidas como tal pelos interlocutores. As crianças estavam em momentos diferentes do processo comunicacional. A menina se valia da baixa visão para a comunicação, e o menino, dos demais sentidos (principalmente, tato e olfato). Esta pesquisa proporcionou diversos aprendizados, entre eles: compreender que a comunicação muitas vezes precisa ser descoberta pelo mediador, pois as crianças oferecem indícios e possibilidades comunicacionais a serem reconhecidas e nomeadas; existem diferentes recursos que podem ser utilizados pelas e com as crianças; as famílias dispõem de formas de comunicação e informações sobre as crianças que podem auxiliar no processo de comunicação. A pesquisa também indica a importância do uso da comunicação alternativa por meio de objetos de referência e fotografias no sistema de calendários, organizando a rotina e proporcionando a antecipação das atividades e das ações das crianças. / This research aimed to understand how the communication process happens between people with congenital deafblindness, as of the production and use of alternative communication resources. The utilized theoretical references were the studies of Maia (2004, 2011), Galvão (2010), Keller (2008), Cormedi (2011, 2012), Cambruzzi (2007) and Silva (2012). For the theoretical field knowledge, the following searches were performed on the platforms: National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Education (Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação - ANPEd), Theses and Dissertations Bank of CAPES (Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES) and SciELO. Those searches were intervened with the data collection on the enrollment of students with deafblindness in schools in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, from the information contained in INEP's (Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira) website and from the contacts with the Department of Special Education of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (SEDUC), the Foundation for Articulation and Development of Public Policies for People with Disabilities and with High Abilities in Rio Grande do Sul (FADERS) and with public managers of municipalities. From the information obtained from INEP data, two children with congenital deafblindness were selected. As a result, their families and teachers were also involved in the research. The selection criteria were to be a child with deafblindness and to be enrolled in the initial years of the Elementary School of any school in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The methodology consisted of 10 meetings with the students at school. In order to identify strategies and resources used in communicative situations, we used four instruments: map construction, visits in the children's homes, interviews with teachers and observations. The results of the observations showed that the mediators family and teachers have their own ways of communicating with children; some actions and reactions were perceived with meaning and significance, but there was no recognition of it. These forms of expressive and receptive communication needed to be recognized as such by the interlocutors. The children were at different times of the communicational process. The girl took advantage of the low vision for communication, and the boy used the other senses (mainly touch and smell). This research has provided several lessons, such as: understanding that communication often needs to be discovered by the mediator, because children provide evidence and communicational possibilities to be recognized and named; there are different features that can be used by and with the children; the families have forms of communication and information about the children which can assist in the communication process. The research also indicates the importance of using the alternative communication by means of reference objects and pictures in the calendar system, which organizes the children's routine and enables their anticipation of activities and actions.

xv, 241 p. : ill., map. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Inclusive education is now accepted worldwide as the best educational practice for children with special needs, but there is still considerable debate about how best to implement inclusion in specific cultures. The purpose of this research study was to develop a model of inclusion that is appropriate for elementary schools in Thailand and to identify appropriate leadership roles in adoption of inclusion practices. This research study was divided into two phases. The first phase consisted of an extensive review of inclusion practice and research findings around the world and development of a best practices inclusion model to guide subsequent interviews. Ten best practices inclusive elementary school principals were interviewed, and observations were conducted in classrooms and surrounding school environments. The phase one findings were then used to create a draft model for Thai inclusive education. In the second phase of research, two focus groups, made up of ten nationally recognized experts in the area of Thai special education, were used. The participants assisted with refinement of the best practices model for Thai elementary schools. Findings included identification of three critical aspects that affect the adoption of inclusion practices: specific characteristics of Thai society and culture; current policy and practices related to current policy; and financing of inclusion. School principals were found to be essential to successful inclusion adoption. Recommendations are made for changes in practice and policy and for future research. The final conclusion drawn from this study was that, even though Thailand had made a great beginning to a monumental and honorable task, the idea of inclusive education is still in early development. The core findings of the research study argue that, while more steps needs to be taken as implementation of inclusion continues, the principals, teachers, parents, education experts, and the people of Thailand have the commitment and strength of determination to make inclusion an integrated part of Thai education. / Committee in Charge: Diane Dunlap, Chairperson, Educational Leadership; Deborah Olson, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Kathleen Scalise, Member, Educational Leadership; Kathie Carpenter, Outside Member, International Studies

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral compreender como ocorre o processo de comunicação de pessoas com surdocegueira congênita a partir da produção e do uso de recursos de comunicação alternativa. Foram utilizados como referencial teórico os estudos de Maia (2004, 2011), Galvão (2010), Keller (2008), Cormedi (2011, 2012), Cambruzzi (2007) e Silva (2012). Para conhecimento do campo teórico, foram realizadas buscas nas plataformas: Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd), Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e SciELO. Essas buscas ocorreram em tessitura com a prospecção de dados sobre a matrícula de alunos com surdocegueira em escolas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir das informações constantes no site do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) e do contato com a Secretaria de Educação Especial do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (SEDUC), com a Fundação de Articulação e Desenvolvimento de Políticas Públicas para Pessoas com Deficiência e com Altas Habilidades no Rio Grande do Sul (FADERS) e com gestores de municípios. A partir das informações obtidas dos dados do INEP, foram selecionadas duas crianças com surdocegueira congênita. Em consequência, suas famílias e professoras também foram envolvidas na pesquisa. Os critérios de seleção foram ser uma criança com surdocegueira e estar matriculada nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de alguma escola do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A metodologia de pesquisa constituiu-se por 10 encontros com os alunos na escola. A fim de identificar estratégias e recursos utilizados em situações comunicativas, foram utilizados quatro instrumentos: construção de mapas, visitas realizadas nas casas das crianças, entrevistas com as professoras e observações. Os resultados das observações evidenciaram que os mediadores: família e professoras tinham formas de se comunicar com as crianças, algumas ações e reações eram percebidas com sentido e significado, mas não havia reconhecimento disso. Essas formas de comunicação expressiva e receptiva precisavam ser reconhecidas como tal pelos interlocutores. As crianças estavam em momentos diferentes do processo comunicacional. A menina se valia da baixa visão para a comunicação, e o menino, dos demais sentidos (principalmente, tato e olfato). Esta pesquisa proporcionou diversos aprendizados, entre eles: compreender que a comunicação muitas vezes precisa ser descoberta pelo mediador, pois as crianças oferecem indícios e possibilidades comunicacionais a serem reconhecidas e nomeadas; existem diferentes recursos que podem ser utilizados pelas e com as crianças; as famílias dispõem de formas de comunicação e informações sobre as crianças que podem auxiliar no processo de comunicação. A pesquisa também indica a importância do uso da comunicação alternativa por meio de objetos de referência e fotografias no sistema de calendários, organizando a rotina e proporcionando a antecipação das atividades e das ações das crianças. / This research aimed to understand how the communication process happens between people with congenital deafblindness, as of the production and use of alternative communication resources. The utilized theoretical references were the studies of Maia (2004, 2011), Galvão (2010), Keller (2008), Cormedi (2011, 2012), Cambruzzi (2007) and Silva (2012). For the theoretical field knowledge, the following searches were performed on the platforms: National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Education (Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação - ANPEd), Theses and Dissertations Bank of CAPES (Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES) and SciELO. Those searches were intervened with the data collection on the enrollment of students with deafblindness in schools in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, from the information contained in INEP's (Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira) website and from the contacts with the Department of Special Education of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (SEDUC), the Foundation for Articulation and Development of Public Policies for People with Disabilities and with High Abilities in Rio Grande do Sul (FADERS) and with public managers of municipalities. From the information obtained from INEP data, two children with congenital deafblindness were selected. As a result, their families and teachers were also involved in the research. The selection criteria were to be a child with deafblindness and to be enrolled in the initial years of the Elementary School of any school in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The methodology consisted of 10 meetings with the students at school. In order to identify strategies and resources used in communicative situations, we used four instruments: map construction, visits in the children's homes, interviews with teachers and observations. The results of the observations showed that the mediators family and teachers have their own ways of communicating with children; some actions and reactions were perceived with meaning and significance, but there was no recognition of it. These forms of expressive and receptive communication needed to be recognized as such by the interlocutors. The children were at different times of the communicational process. The girl took advantage of the low vision for communication, and the boy used the other senses (mainly touch and smell). This research has provided several lessons, such as: understanding that communication often needs to be discovered by the mediator, because children provide evidence and communicational possibilities to be recognized and named; there are different features that can be used by and with the children; the families have forms of communication and information about the children which can assist in the communication process. The research also indicates the importance of using the alternative communication by means of reference objects and pictures in the calendar system, which organizes the children's routine and enables their anticipation of activities and actions.

Orientador: Pedro Paulo Scandiuzzi / Banca: Victoria Siobham Healy / Banca: Miriam Godoy Penteado / Resumo: Este trabalho evoca as "ticas" de "matema" de um grupo de jovens e adultos cegos. Pautada nas teorias da Etnomatemática e da Educação Inclusiva e com o objetivo de observar, descrever e analisar o ser, o saber e o fazer de sujeitos cegos em instituições de ensino, a pesquisa de caráter etnográfico ocorreu em dois ambientes distintos: um instituto especializado e uma escola estadual da rede regular de ensino, ambas da cidade de São José do Rio Preto, SP. Por conseguinte, face aos aspectos culturais das artes e técnicas de um grupo de cegos, estas resultantes de experiências educacionais simultâneas de integração e de inclusão, os dados remetem às influências da cegueira e da instituição especializada no desenvolvimento das "ticas" de "matema" do grupo considerado. Assim, as artes e técnicas do ser, do saber e do fazer da pessoa cega provêm de seis alunos cegos e de uma professora cega da escola regular, além de outros dezessete alunos do referido instituto. Portanto, este ensaio mostra um exemplo de transição entre integração e inclusão e questiona o impacto da cultura de um grupo de cegos para uma proposta de educação inclusiva. / Abstract: This work evokes the "tics" of "mathema" by a blind adults and young people group. Guided by the Ethnomathematics and Inclusive Education theories and with the purpose to observe, account and analyze the being, knowing and the doing of blind characters in educational institutions, the investigation of ethnographic type has occurred at two different environments: a specialized institute and a public state school both situated in São José do Rio Preto city, SP. Therefore, in view of the cultural aspects the arts and techniques of a bind people group, these like results of the integration and the inclusion simultaneous educational experiences data refer to the blindness and the specialized institution on the "tics" of "mathema" development by the group on research. Then, arts and techniques of the blind being, knowing and doing come from six young students and one teacher at a regular public school and seventeen adult students at a specialized institute for blind people. Thereby this essay shows an example of the transition educational between the integration and the inclusion and it asks the impact of the culture by a blind group for an inclusive education proposal. / Mestre

This study investigated what constitutes a teaching curriculum for students with autism in inclusive classrooms in Thailand. The researcher employed 3 qualitative methods: semi-structured interviews, document analysis of curricula and lesson plans, and nonparticipant observations. Six schools were selected as the sites. Participants for interview included 6 principals and 24 teachers. The researcher observed one inclusive classroom for each of the 6 selected schools. The study concentrated on 3 questions: (a) What contributes to appropriate instructional curricula to promote teaching of students with autism in inclusive classrooms in Thailand? (b) What teaching strategies improve the achievement and learning skills of students with autism in inclusive classrooms in Thailand? (c) What are the problems of curricula for teaching students with autism in inclusive classroom in Thailand? Key findings for the research questions were as follows: Common features of effective curricula for teaching students with autism in inclusive classrooms include opportunities, health care, specialized curriculum, students' individual needs and abilities, guidelines of teaching, teacher training and supervision, transition plan, parent involvement, tools/classroom environment, and students' class assignments. The teaching strategies include varying the teaching format (large group, small group, and one-on-one), teaching functional communication (giving direction, close-ended questions or open-ended questions), reinforce communication, using demonstration, modeling, and shaping to teach skills, expecting to gather the child's attention, demonstrating nonverbal communication (use gestures with speech), using appropriate language for the child (short sentence structure), providing visual materials (books, computers, or real objects), starting with small intervals of time and reinforcing, using other children as peer models for helping, working to maintain eye contact, asking the child to say the word, pointing to objects with hands and with gestures, including regular exercise (active movement activity), providing time to be alone, and using math activity (to include counting one-to-one, odd and even, and patterns). Moreover, the results revealed that all of interviewees always used applied behavior analysis (ABA), such as discrete trial instruction (DTI), task analysis, and peer tutoring in their classrooms. However, these classrooms never used floor time approach. The problems in teaching students with autism in inclusive classrooms in Thailand include lack of special teachers, lack of knowledge or training for teachers, lack of a good plan and curriculum, lack of supportive services or effective collaboration, lack of budget, and lack of essential information and materials.