Student Number : 9604227E - MEd research report - School of Human and Community Development - Faculty of Humanities / This study investigates the needs of Foundation Phase teachers within an inclusive education system. The policy of inclusion in education is currently being promoted in many countries and has over the last decade been part of the new educational movement in South Africa. The rationale for this study lies in the pivotal role of teachers in facilitating the success of an inclusive system. The study utilises a sample of eighteen female teachers in the Foundation Phase of six different township-based mainstream primary schools in Gauteng. The schools share similar socio-economic backgrounds, and are all dual medium of instruction (English and Afrikaans), co-ed schools. The participants range in age from 26-59 years old, having a tertiary qualification in education and a range of teaching experience from 1 year to over 10 years. The teachers were asked to participate in a guided interview that was designed to examine 1) their perceptions of what they need in order to be effective within their classrooms, 2) their perceptions of their competency in managing diversity within their classrooms, and 3) their perceptions of support services with regard to in-service training programmes, district-based support teams, school-based support teams, and within school resources. The findings revealed that the major needs of teachers within an inclusive setting relate to: smaller class size, less administrative paperwork, specialised support from professional experts within the field of education (e.g. psychologists, remedial teachers), greater support from support teams, and training programmes aimed at directly addressing their difficulty in adequately meeting the individual needs of learners. Further, the teachers feel that they do not possess the necessary skills that are needed to cope with meeting the demands of learner diversity within their classrooms. The results of this study provide reasons for concern regarding teachers who are viewed as the key role-players for the successful implementation of inclusive education. The research findings suggest that unless the needs of teachers are acknowledged and addressed through effective interventions, the implementation of inclusive education could encounter serious obstacles. The limitations of the present study are discussed and directions for future research are made.

The study documented three case studies of primary school aged children with Down Syndrome attending ordinary public schools in Gauteng province, South Africa by employing an adapted ecosystemic model (Donald, Lazarus & Lolwana, 2002). Triangulation and content analysis was employed to analyse the data obtained from a parent questionnaire; parent, teacher and teaching assistant interviews; documented reports; school observations; an educator rating scale; a speech-language assessment and audiological screening. The study found that inclusive education had been successful for the participating children. Their communicative impairments impacted on the domains of communication, academic skills and socialization in the inclusive school context and had the greatest influence on their functioning in the ordinary school. The unique perceptions, attitudes and experiences of the children’s parents and educators were found to have a profound impact on the inclusive education process. The study found that systemic factors influencing inclusive education within the South African context acted as barriers and challenges to the successful inclusive education of the children and that their parents were the most influential and contributing force to the success of the process. Paramount implications for the systems and subsystems involved in the inclusive education process, clinical practice of Speech-Language Pathology and for the advancement of theory and research are discussed. A valuable proposed inclusive education process for the learner with Down Syndrome in the South African context is set out.

Orientador: Leandro Osni Zaniolo / Coorientador(a): Maria Júlia Canazza Dal'Acqua / Banca: Silvia Regina Ricco Lucato Sigolo / Banca: Relma Urel Carbone Carneiro / Banca: Maria Helena Bimbatti Moreira / Banca: Cássia Geciauskas Sofiato / Resumo: O Currículo de Arte do Estado de São Paulo trouxe inquietações acerca da prática educativa perante as exigências dos conteúdos focados na contemporaneidade e nas quatro linguagens (Música, Dança, Teatro e Artes Visuais). Atender a todos os alunos indistintamente com o mesmo conteúdo e suas especificidades constitui um desafio ao professor. Qual a percepção de professores de Arte sobre o fazer docente com vistas ao Currículo e os desafios da escola para todos na contemporaneidade? O estudo objetiva descrever e analisar as percepções de professores de Arte da rede estadual paulista de uma cidade do interior sobre o fazer docente vinculado ao Currículo oficial e os seus desdobramentos (Caderno do Professor e Caderno do Aluno). A pesquisa configura-se numa abordagem quanti/qualitativa que consiste no estudo de caso do Currículo do Estado de São Paulo. A base teórica fundamenta-se nos pressupostos do campo da Educação, Educação Especial, da Arte-educação, do Currículo e da Teoria da Criatividade. Considera Hargreaves, Earl e Ryan que mencionam uma crise atual na educação e uma crise do Currículo e a concepção de Klimenko de que a Criatividade é o caminho possível para contornar as dificuldades da contemporaneidade e atender a todos. O Município pesquisado situa-se no interior do Estado de São Paulo tendo 148 Unidades Escolares, das quais 57 são públicas estaduais: Os participantes foram nove professores de Arte de sete escolas selecionadas por atender Ensino Fundamental (EF) e Ensino Médio (EM) e ter mais matrículas de alunos Público Alvo da Educação Especial - PAEE. O instrumento principal foi a investigação por questionário e ocorreu análise documental do Currículo e seus desdobramentos (Cadernos do Professor e do Aluno). Para apreciação dos dados adotou-se a análise de conteúdo de Bardin... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Art Curriculum of São Paulo State has raised concerns regarding the educational practice in face of content demands focused on contemporaneity and on the four languages (Music, Dance, Theater and Visual Arts). Assisting all students indistinctly with the same content and its specificities represents a challenge to the teacher. What is the perception of Art teachers regarding the teaching practice focused on the Curriculum and on challenges of school for everyone in contemporaneity? The study aims to describe and analyze the perception of Art teachers who work in São Paulo State's educational network in an inland city regarding the teaching practice bound to the official Curriculum and its developments (Teacher's Notebook and Student's Notebook). The research is defined as a quantitative/qualitative approach consisting in a case study of São Paulo State's Curriculum. The theoretical basis is founded on assumptions from the Education, Special Education, Arts Education, Curriculum and Creativity Theory fields. It considers Hargreaves, Earl and Ryan, who mention a current crisis in education and a Curriculum crisis, besides Klimenko's conception of Creativity as the possible way to address difficulties of contemporaneity and to assist everyone. The City researched is located in the inland of São Paulo State and has 148 School Units, 57 of which are public (belonging to São Paulo State). The participants were nine Art teachers from seven schools that were selected because they offer Primary and Secondary teaching and also for having more enrollments of students who are the target-audience of Special Education (PAEE). The main instrument used was inquiry by questionnaire besides a document analysis of the Curriculum and its developments (Teacher's and Student's Notebook). Bardin's content analysis was adopted for data evaluation. Among the results, it was found that... (Complete abstract clic eletronic access below) / Resumen: El Currículo de Arte del Estado de São Paulo trajo inquietudes sobre la práctica educativa delante las exigencias de los contenidos vueltos a la contemporaneidad y los cuatro lenguajes (Música, Baile, Teatro y Artes Visuales). Atender a todos los alumnos indistintamente con lo mismo contenido y sus especificidades constituye un desafío al profesor. Cual la percepción de profesores de Arte sobre el hacer docente con vistas al Currículo y los desafíos de la escuela para todos en la contemporaneidad? El estudio objetiva describir y analizar las percepciones de profesores de Arte de la red estadual paulista de una ciudad del interior sobre el hacer docente vinculado al Currículo oficial y sus desdoblamientos (Cuaderno del Profesor y Cuaderno del Alumno). La investigación tiene un abordaje cuanti/cualitativa que consiste en el estudio de caso del Currículo del Estado de São Paulo. La base teórica se fundamenta en los presupuestos del campo de la Educación, Educación Especial, del Arte-educación, del Currículo y de la Teoría de la Creatividad. Considera Hargreaves, Earl y Ryan que mencionan una crisis actual en la educación y una crisis del Currículo y la concepción de Klimenko de que la Creatividad es el camino posible para contornar las dificultades de la contemporaneidad y atender a todos. El Municipio investigado está ubicado en el interior del Estado de São Paulo teniendo 148 Unidades Escolares, de las cuales 57 son públicas estaduales: Los participantes fueron nueve profesores de Arte de siete escuelas seleccionadas por atender Enseñanza Primaria (EP) y Enseñanza Secundaria (ES) y tener más matrículas de alumnos Público Blanco de la Educación Especial - PBEE. El instrumento principal fue la investigación por cuestionario y ocurrió análisis documental del Currículo y sus desdoblamientos (Cuadernos del Profesor y del Alumno). Para apreciación de los datos... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Doutor

Este trabalho discute a questão da inclusão escolar no cenário educacional contemporâneo. O debate acerca do tema tem se tornado fundamental dentro da Educação, pois vai ao encontro do movimento da inclusão nos demais setores sociais e busca a equiparação de oportunidades e a construção de uma sociedade mais democrática e igualitária. Nesse contexto, o professor da escola comum assume papel de destaque, contribuindo com a inclusão no cotidiano das escolas. Neste trabalho, realizamos um viés psicanalítico, para realizar a leitura de fenômenos educativos, dentre os quais se destaca a inclusão escolar. Conceitos da Psicanálise foram utilizados para essa aproximação, em especial, a ideia de objeto a, desenvolvida por Lacan no Seminário X e objeto a olhar no Seminário XI. Nesse último, o psicanalista trata da esquize entre olho e olhar, já que o primeiro está relacionado com a função biológica; e o segundo está atravessado pelo inconsciente dos sujeitos. Ressalta-se aqui também a importância da construção de novos olhares do professor para seus alunos, focando aqueles com deficiência, transtornos globais do desenvolvimento e altas habilidades/superdotação. Para esta pesquisa, foram realizadas três entrevistas semiestruturadas com professoras e duas com gestoras de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental da rede particular de ensino de São Paulo. Os materiais foram posteriormente organizados de acordo com fragmentos de olhares passíveis de serem capturados por intermédio das falas de cada participante. A análise foi realizada com o objetivo de encontrar as possíveis aproximações entre Educação e Psicanálise. A ênfase no saber técnico está ligada à ideia de que a inclusão escolar possui um preparo prévio e essa constatação foi frequente, quando foram examinadas as entrevistas. E, a partir dessas entrevistas, foram percebidas também a angústia e sensação de desamparo que sentem as professoras que trabalham com Educação Inclusiva. / This essay discusses the subject of the school inclusion in the contemporary educational scenery. The discussion on the topic has been essential in Education, because it goes in the same way of the inclusion movement in other social sectors and aiming to match the opportunities and the construction of a more democratic and equal society. In this context, the professor of the regular school takes the major role, contributing with the inclusion in the schools routine. In this essay, we have made a psychoanalytic learning, to make the educative phenomena reading, in which the school inclusion contrasts. Psychoanalysis concept were used for this approaching, specially, the idea of object a, developed by Lacan at Seminary X and object a looking on Seminary XI. In this last one, the psychoanalyst deals with schism between the eye and the look, as the first is related to the biological function; and the second is crossed by the unconscious of the subjects. It is highlighted here the importance of constructing new look from teachers toward the students, aiming the ones with deficiency, global disorders of the development and the high skills/giftedness. For this research, we are made three semi structured interviews with teachers and two with managers in Childhood Education and in Primary Basic Education in the private teaching sector in São Paulo. The materials were after that organized according with fragments of views liable to be captured by the speech of each participant. The analysis was made aiming to find the possible approaching between Education and Psychoanalysis. The emphasis in technical knowledge is linked to the idea that the school inclusion has a previous preparation and this finding was usual, when were examined the interviews. And from these interviews, were also highlighted the anguish and helpless sensation feeling that the teachers which work with Inclusive Education had.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os limites e as possibilidades da educação inclusiva a partir da gestão de política pública para o exercício da ação pedagógica do professor e do professor assessor frente à proposta de um contexto educacional com a finalidade de identificar caminhos que possam compor para o processo de superação do que está instituído no cotidiano escolar. Durante o movimento de investigação os conceitos de Estado, Educação, Educação Inclusiva e Necessidades Educacionais Especiais são tratados a partir dos pressupostos da pedagogia histórico-crítica e da psicologia histórico-cultual estabelecendo relações entre a ação pedagógica de todos os sujeitos da educação e o exercício de suas funções. A unidade de análise na pesquisa é a relação entre a gestão de política de Estado no campo da Educação e todos os envolvidos na construção do processo educacional inclusivo, destacando a função social do professor, do professor assessor e da equipe escolar quando estes, no cotidiano da escola, deparam-se com alunos com diagnóstico de dificuldades de aprendizagem e ou deficiência. Sabe-se que muito tem sido discutido sobre a escola inclusiva como sendo aquela que matricula alunos com deficiência na sala regular de ensino, no entanto, esta pesquisa propõe problematizar não somente a inclusão educacional do aluno com deficiência ou do aluno com dificuldades de aprendizagem, mas a inclusão através da mediação do conhecimento científico como aquele que deve ser oportunizado para todos os alunos da escola pública. Reafirmando o direito de todos à educação, abordam-se os impactos causados pelos alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem, quando estes, muitas vezes sentemse solitários na escola, que se intitulando inclusiva frente aos alunos com deficiência, não assume a diversidade, o conhecimento científico e seus desdobramentos como sendo o ponto central de transformação de uma escola excludente e seletiva em uma escola inclusiva. Entende-se que, apesar das tentativas de construção de uma escola inclusiva de qualidade, muitas são as situações de exclusão escolar na sociedade contemporânea. Sendo assim, essa pesquisa analisa os processos de inclusão e exclusão enquanto produção social, dos quais fazem parte tanto os alunos quanto seus professores. Essa pesquisa, portanto, é composta por um processo de investigação bibliográfica concomitante ao processo de investigação empírica sobre o cotidiano da assessoria em uma escola municipal da cidade de Santo André. Para análise dos dados busca-se compreender o contexto empírico a partir das seguintes categorias: dimensão tarefeira na ação pedagógica, a imediaticidade na realidade concreta e a governança do tempo e do espaço no conjunto das ações presentes na educação inclusiva. Os resultados encontrados na pesquisa possibilitam a proposição de um conjunto de elementos apontando estes como necessidades a serem viabilizadas pela gestão de política pública local de forma a garantir reais condições para o exercício de uma educação que pretende ser inclusiva. / This research investigates the limits and possibilities from the management of public policy for the exercise of teacher pedagogical action and the adviser teacher forward the proposal of an inclusive educational context in the objectification of finding ways to indicate requirements that may compose with overcoming what is established in the educational routine. During the course of investigation the concepts of State, Education, Inclusive Education and Special Educational Needs are dealt from the assumptions of the historicalcritical pedagogy and psychology historical and cultic establishing relations with the pedagogical action of all subjects of education in exercise their functions. The paper analyzes the relationship between management and public policy all involved in the construction process of inclusive education, highlighting the social role of the teacher and teacher\'s aide, and its educational activities, when they, in everyday school face with students with diagnosis of difficulties to learn and or disabilities. We know that much has been discussed about the inclusive school as one that enrolls students with disabilities in regular classroom teaching, however, this research proposes to analyze not only the educational inclusion of students with disabilities or students with learning difficulties, but the inclusion through the mediation of scientific knowledge as one that should be offered for all public school students. Reaffirming the right of everyone to education, addressing the impacts caused by students with learning difficulties, when they often feel lonely in this school, which is inclusive titling against students with disabilities, assumes no diversity, scientific knowledge and its development as the central point of transformation from a selective and exclusionary school in an inclusive school. It is understood that, despite attempts to build an inclusive school quality, there are many situations of school exclusion in contemporary society. Therefore, this research examines the processes of inclusion and exclusion as social production, which belong to both the students and their teachers. This research, therefore, is composed of a process of research literature accompanying the process of empirical research on the daily advice in a public school in the city of Santo André. Data analysis seeks to understand the empirical context from the following categories: dimension execution in pedagogical action, the immediacy and governance in reality time and space in all of the shares present in inclusive education. The findings of the survey allow the proposition of a set of elements such as pointing needs to be made available by the management of local public policy to ensure real conditions for the exercise of an education that aims to be inclusive.

Orientadora: Anna Augusta Sampaio de Oliveira / Banca: Vera Lúcia Messias Fialho Capellini / Banca: Nilson Rogério da Silva / Resumo: A inclusão escolar de estudantes com deficiência e outras necessidades educacionais especiais é um movimento relativamente recente que emergiu com notável força nas últimas décadas e que vem sendo objeto de bastante controvérsia, debate e polêmica por parte de pesquisadores, acadêmicos e demais especialistas no universo educacional contemporâneo. Na atualidade, evidencia-se certo avanço na parte legislativa das políticas públicas em educação inclusiva, as quais têm possibilitado a presença destes estudantes nas salas de aula, acarretando um aumento significativo do número de matrículas de crianças e adolescentes, com destaque na área da deficiência intelectual. Porém, apesar dos avanços no campo das políticas e demais ações inclusivas, as práticas pedagógicas ainda são pouco disseminadas e estudadas. Frente a essas considerações, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a inclusão de estudantes com deficiência intelectual, a partir das concepções e práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem na educação básica primária de duas escolas públicas de uma cidade da Colômbia. O estudo se caracterizou como uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo. Para isto, foram selecionados cinco estudantes que se encontravam matriculados na educação básica primária, suas respectivas professoras e os profissionais de apoio de cada escola. Em relação aos instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados, optou-se pelo roteiro sistematizado de observação, o diário de campo, o roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada e a análise documental. O referencial teórico apoiou-se na Teoria Histórico-Cultural e especificamente nos aportes de Vigotski. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria dos participantes manifestaram certas contradições e inconformismos com relação ao ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The school inclusion of students with disabilities and other special educational needs is a relatively new movement that emerged with remarkable strength in recent decades and that has been the subject of enough controversy, debate and polemic by researchers, academics and other experts in the contemporary educational universe. Currently, there is evidence of some progress in the legislative part of public policies on inclusive education, which has allowed the presence of these students in classrooms, resulting in a significant increase in the number of enrollments of children and adolescents, especially in the field of intellectual disabilities. However, despite advances in the field of inclusive policies and other actions, the pedagogical practices are still not enough disseminated and studied. Given these considerations, the present study aimed to analyze the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities, as of pedagogical conceptions and practices developed in the processes of teaching and learning in primary basic education in two public schools in a city of Colombia. The study was characterized as a qualitative research of descriptive character. For this, we selected five students who were enrolled in primary basic education, their respective teachers and supporting professionals of each school. Regarding the data collection instruments used, we opted for the systematic observation script, the field diary, the semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. The theoretical framework supported in the Historic-Cultural Theory and specifically in Vygotsky's contributions. The results showed that most participants expressed certain contradictions and lack of acceptance with reference to the inclusion process, particularly the lack of capacity building and training as well as the lack of support and professional help ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Eliana M. Zanata / Co-orientador: Vera Lucia M. F. Capellini / Banca: Sonia Lopes Victor / Banca: Lucia de Ferreira da Silva / Resumo: A inclusão escolar, proposta na qual todos os alunos são aceitos e reconhecidos, independentemente de suas características individuais, coloca às escolas na atualidade, um desafio em desenvolver práticas pedagógicas que favoreçam a aprendizagem de todos. Além desse pressuposto, na educação infantil, o lúdico também deve permear a organização do ensino. Assim, compete ao professor promover atividades lúdicas, intervindo no espaço, nos materiais disponíveis, no tempo do brincar e realizando mediações durante as atividades lúdicas, contemplando o aprendizado de todos. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a prática pedagógica dos professores, conhecendo as possibilidades e os desafios diante da inclusão escolar, bem como destacar recursos e estratégias por meio de atividades lúdicas que favorecem o processo de inclusão de criança com Tanstorno do Espectro Autista no contexto da educação infantil. A pesquisa tem enfoque misto (quanti-qualitativa) constituindo-se em um estudo de caso, senso sujeitos, oitenta e nove professores da educação infantil da rede municipal de ensino de uma cidade do interior paulista, que revelaram que as brincadeiras que envolvem o faz-de-conta e os jogos de armar, além de atividades que abarcama área do movimento são as atividades lúdicas, mais frequentes na educação infantil. O procedimento de coleta de dados foi um questionário com os professores da rede municipal e a observação participante do cotidiano escolar de uma das turmas. Os resultados apontam que um dos principais desafios na inclusão esocolar é a dificuldade dos professores na adequação destas e de outras atividades frente às limitações da criança, necessitando do apoio de outra pessoa para auxiliar a processo, bem como a dificuldade no planejamento de atividades de interesse da criança. Após mapeamento com os professores envolvidos, observou-se, em uma unidade escolar de educação... / Abstract: The schooling inclusion, proposal according to which all students are accepted and recognized, regardless of their individual characteristics, presents modern-day schools a challenge consisting of developing pedagogical practices that favor the learning of all children involved. In addition of this premisse, in preschool level, the ludic aspects should also be present in the teaching's organization. Therefore, it is the teacher's duty to promote ludic activities, intervening in the space, available materials, playing times and doing mediations during the ludic practices, overseeing the learning of all children involved. In this manner, the present study had the goal of investigating the teacher's pedagogical practices, acknowledging the possibilities and the challenges of before the shooling inclusion, as well as pointing out resources and strategies by the means of ludic activities that favor the process of inclusion of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the context of preschool. The research has a mixed focus (quantitative-qualitative), consisting itself in a case study, in which the subjects area preschool eighty-nine teachers in a city school located in the São Paulo countryside, who have revealed taht the games that involve fantasizing, assembling, as well as activities related to the movement area are the ludic activities more frequently practiced in preschool. The procedure of data collecting was in form of a questionnaire with said teachers and the participating observation of the one of the classes' daily school activities. The results say that one of the main challenges in schooling inclusion is the difficulties teachers have with adjusting these and other activities according to the children's necessities, requiring the help of someone else to help with the procedure, as well as the difficulties of planning the activities within the children's interest. After mapping with the involved teachers was done, it was observed... / Mestre

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os limites e as possibilidades da educação inclusiva a partir da gestão de política pública para o exercício da ação pedagógica do professor e do professor assessor frente à proposta de um contexto educacional com a finalidade de identificar caminhos que possam compor para o processo de superação do que está instituído no cotidiano escolar. Durante o movimento de investigação os conceitos de Estado, Educação, Educação Inclusiva e Necessidades Educacionais Especiais são tratados a partir dos pressupostos da pedagogia histórico-crítica e da psicologia histórico-cultual estabelecendo relações entre a ação pedagógica de todos os sujeitos da educação e o exercício de suas funções. A unidade de análise na pesquisa é a relação entre a gestão de política de Estado no campo da Educação e todos os envolvidos na construção do processo educacional inclusivo, destacando a função social do professor, do professor assessor e da equipe escolar quando estes, no cotidiano da escola, deparam-se com alunos com diagnóstico de dificuldades de aprendizagem e ou deficiência. Sabe-se que muito tem sido discutido sobre a escola inclusiva como sendo aquela que matricula alunos com deficiência na sala regular de ensino, no entanto, esta pesquisa propõe problematizar não somente a inclusão educacional do aluno com deficiência ou do aluno com dificuldades de aprendizagem, mas a inclusão através da mediação do conhecimento científico como aquele que deve ser oportunizado para todos os alunos da escola pública. Reafirmando o direito de todos à educação, abordam-se os impactos causados pelos alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem, quando estes, muitas vezes sentemse solitários na escola, que se intitulando inclusiva frente aos alunos com deficiência, não assume a diversidade, o conhecimento científico e seus desdobramentos como sendo o ponto central de transformação de uma escola excludente e seletiva em uma escola inclusiva. Entende-se que, apesar das tentativas de construção de uma escola inclusiva de qualidade, muitas são as situações de exclusão escolar na sociedade contemporânea. Sendo assim, essa pesquisa analisa os processos de inclusão e exclusão enquanto produção social, dos quais fazem parte tanto os alunos quanto seus professores. Essa pesquisa, portanto, é composta por um processo de investigação bibliográfica concomitante ao processo de investigação empírica sobre o cotidiano da assessoria em uma escola municipal da cidade de Santo André. Para análise dos dados busca-se compreender o contexto empírico a partir das seguintes categorias: dimensão tarefeira na ação pedagógica, a imediaticidade na realidade concreta e a governança do tempo e do espaço no conjunto das ações presentes na educação inclusiva. Os resultados encontrados na pesquisa possibilitam a proposição de um conjunto de elementos apontando estes como necessidades a serem viabilizadas pela gestão de política pública local de forma a garantir reais condições para o exercício de uma educação que pretende ser inclusiva. / This research investigates the limits and possibilities from the management of public policy for the exercise of teacher pedagogical action and the adviser teacher forward the proposal of an inclusive educational context in the objectification of finding ways to indicate requirements that may compose with overcoming what is established in the educational routine. During the course of investigation the concepts of State, Education, Inclusive Education and Special Educational Needs are dealt from the assumptions of the historicalcritical pedagogy and psychology historical and cultic establishing relations with the pedagogical action of all subjects of education in exercise their functions. The paper analyzes the relationship between management and public policy all involved in the construction process of inclusive education, highlighting the social role of the teacher and teacher\'s aide, and its educational activities, when they, in everyday school face with students with diagnosis of difficulties to learn and or disabilities. We know that much has been discussed about the inclusive school as one that enrolls students with disabilities in regular classroom teaching, however, this research proposes to analyze not only the educational inclusion of students with disabilities or students with learning difficulties, but the inclusion through the mediation of scientific knowledge as one that should be offered for all public school students. Reaffirming the right of everyone to education, addressing the impacts caused by students with learning difficulties, when they often feel lonely in this school, which is inclusive titling against students with disabilities, assumes no diversity, scientific knowledge and its development as the central point of transformation from a selective and exclusionary school in an inclusive school. It is understood that, despite attempts to build an inclusive school quality, there are many situations of school exclusion in contemporary society. Therefore, this research examines the processes of inclusion and exclusion as social production, which belong to both the students and their teachers. This research, therefore, is composed of a process of research literature accompanying the process of empirical research on the daily advice in a public school in the city of Santo André. Data analysis seeks to understand the empirical context from the following categories: dimension execution in pedagogical action, the immediacy and governance in reality time and space in all of the shares present in inclusive education. The findings of the survey allow the proposition of a set of elements such as pointing needs to be made available by the management of local public policy to ensure real conditions for the exercise of an education that aims to be inclusive.

Orientador: Sandra Eli Sartoreto de Oliveira Martins / Banca: Anna Augusta Sampaio de Oliveira / Banca: Cristina Broglia de Feitosa Lacerda / Resumo: Estudar a educação bilíngue para surdos em diferentes contextos de escolarização implica em uma aproximação de um fenômeno da realidade educacional complexo e repleto de tensões, no qual concorrem forças de diferentes segmentos da sociedade, na tentativa de se definir a melhor configuração institucional, que a educação bilíngue pode assumir dentro dos sistemas formais de ensino. Considerando essa problemática, a presente pesquisa tem como foco analisar as contribuições das práticas discursivas na constituição de sujeitos bilíngues, em dois espaços educacionais: uma escola inclusiva com proposição bilíngue e uma escola bilíngue para surdos. O referencial teórico adotado constituiu-se a partir dos aportes da psicologia histórico-cultural e do princípio dialógico de Bakhtin, além das obras de referência na área da surdez. Para cumprir tais objetivos foram realizados levantamentos das práticas discursivas envolvendo diferentes sujeitos presentes em sala de aula, em duas escolas que adotavam a filosofia educacional bilíngue. Como procedimentos de investigação foram utilizados videogravações e observações das práticas discursivas realizadas em sala de aula. Os dados foram coletados no período de março de 2012 a março de 2013 e, após a coleta, o material obtido com as filmagens foi submetido à transcrição conforme proposto nos estudos Quadros e Karnopp (2004) e Lodi (2006). A seleção dos fragmentos referentes aos dados coletados por meio das videogravações e observações das práticas discursivas ocorreu pelo movimento de retorno aos pressupostos epistemológicos e teóricos do qual originou o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. A busca pela seleção dos fragmentos das enunciações depreendeu a apreciação pormenorizada das enunciações compartilhadas entre professor, intérprete, alunos ouvintes e surda (escola inclusiva) e professor bilíngue e alunos surdos (escola bilíngue para surdos)... / Abstract: Studying bilingual education for the deaf students in different contexts of escolarization implies in an approximation of a complex phenomenon of educational reality and fraught with tensions in which competing forces of different segments of society in an attempt to define the best institutional setting, that bilingual education can tale on within formal education systems. Considering this problem, this research focuses on analyzing the contributions of discursive practices in the constitution of bilingual subjects in two educational spaces: an inclusive school with bilingual proposition and a bilingual school for the deaf. Thus, the theoretical framework for this study comes from the contributions of cultural-historical psychology and Bakhtin's dialogical principle and addition to the reference works in the field of deafness. To accomplish these objectives were made surveys of discursive practices involving different subjects present in the classroom, in two schools were conducted that adopted the bilingual education philosophy.As investigation procedures data was collected through observations and filming of discursive practices in the classroom. Data were collected from March 2012 to March 2013 and, after collection, the material obtained with filming underwent transcription as proposed in Quadros and Karnopp (2004) and Lodi (2006) studies. The selection of fragments referring to data collected through video recordings and observations of discursive practices occurred by movement back to the epistemological and theoretical assumptions which led to the development of this research.The search for the selection of fragments of enunciation deduced the detailed assessment of enunciation shared between teacher, interpreter, hearing and deaf students (inclusive education) and bilingual teacher and deaf students (bilingual school for the deaf), during the process of production of meanings in the classroom. The focus of this analysis focused... / Mestre

An ageing population is demanding more of healthcare services worldwide, particularly for long-term conditions. In the UK, the challenge of limited healthcare service resources and the influence of the Equality Act on services have increasingly led to the consideration of people's access to community rehabilitation services. These present a potential opportunity for Inclusive Design. The literature suggests that Inclusive Design and its associated tools have been widely applied to the accessibility of buildings and public transport, as well as consumer products and services, but there is little evidence of their application to healthcare services. A review of the literature highlights the importance of improving people's access to community-based rehabilitation by providing care at or closer to home which has become an increasingly prevalent option to meet the healthcare demand for long-term conditions in an ageing population. Therefore, this thesis investigates how Inclusive Design can be applied to healthcare delivery services to improve patients' experiences of accessing these services. It accomplished this through two case studies: community-based rehabilitation services of back pain and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The case studies involved online surveys and interviews with healthcare professionals and patients in understanding the patients' care journeys and challenges in accessing these services. The impact of services demands on patients' capability and their access to services was analysed using an Inclusive Design tool, the Exclusion Calculator. An inclusive approach integrating tools and procedures was summarised to facilitate the understanding of patients' capability-related needs both for the recipients of care and for the providers of care. This research provides a novel contribution by filling the gaps in the literature on the application of Inclusive Design to healthcare delivery services, i.e., community-based rehabilitation. It demonstrates that an Inclusive Design approach can be used to improve people's access to healthcare services and the tools applied can make a useful contribution to understanding service provision and hence service improvement. The Inclusive Design approach focuses on identifying the demands that healthcare services make of their users' capability and in estimating services' exclusion. The process of applying Inclusive Design in this research may be used to improve other healthcare services.