The objective of this thesis is to compare financial statements prepared under Czech law (?ČÚL? or ?CZ GAAP?) and financial statements prepared under international accounting standards IAS/IFRS. The theoretical part elaborates on the formal comparison of financial statements prepared under ČÚL and under IAS/IFRS and the objective of the comparison is the contents, form and methods used for preparing financial statements under the two legislations. General accounting in the Czech Republic is governed by Act 563/1991 Coll., on Accounting and IAS/IFRS is similarly governed by the Framework. The other part discusses some selected IAS/IFRS standards that are applied in a certain company and they are compared with Czech accounting standards. The practical part of the thesis discusses the transformation of the financial statements prepared under ČÚL to financial statements under IAS/IFRS in a certain company. As a result of such transformation, certain lines disclosed under the balance sheet and the income statement show different figures and they have impact on the closing amounts and the profit/loss of the company. The outcome of the practical part are reports prepared under ČÚL and under IAS/IFRS and in the end I assess the influence of different methods used on the reported data. I focused only on two most important parts of financial statements, i.e. balance sheet and income statement.

The thesis is based on the following of my bachelor thesis, which deals with ,, Accounting shutter in the selection accounting entity.? Now the theme will be extended by the comparison process accounts in the selected entity according to Czech accounting legislation (CAL) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In the practical part of the application will again be chosen by an entity of international trucking company KAFKA TRANSPORT, a. s. The main aim of my thesis is based on theoretical knowledge, to assess the selected items of balance sheet and profit and loss for the selected companies their reporting in the case of CAL and IFRS. International Accounting Standards that are world-renowned accounting system, which also binds to an entity operating in the Czech Republic.

Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Inom intäktsredovisning råder det en problematik om när en intäkt ska redovisas samt till vilket belopp. Den 1 januari 2018 träder den nya intäktsredovisningsstandarden IFRS 15 i kraft och ersätter alla tidigare standarder som behandlade intäkter. IFRS 15 har ett fokus mot ett balansorienterat synsätt gentemot de tidigare standarderna som hade ett fokus mot ett resultaträkningsorienterat synsätt. Syfte: Denna studie ämnar sig åt att ge en överblick kring den omfattning bolag påverkas av IFRS 15. Syftet med studien är även att undersöka de berörda bolagens intäktsströmmar för att ge en förklaring till varför vissa intäktsströmmar påverkas samt inte påverkas. Metod: Studien har utgått från ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt där vi har samlat in empiriska data från börsnoterade bolags finansiella rapporter. Även bolagens analyser kring IFRS 15 betraktades för att kunna analysera intäktsströmmarna. I studien har vi använt oss utav variablerna nettoomsättning, bruttomarginal och rörelsemarginal för att mäta effekterna av IFRS 15. Resultat: Studiens resultat visade att majoriteten av bolagen inte kommer att få en kvantifierbar påverkan av IFRS 15. Endast en liten del av populationen i studien fick en kvantifierbar påverkan av IFRS 15. En stor del av populationen hamnade i bortfall eftersom de inte har hunnit analysera effekterna av IFRS 15. / Background and problem discussion: In revenue recognition, there’s a big problem about when a revenue should be recognised and to what amount. The new revenue recognition standard enters into force 1 january 2018 and supersedes all the previous standards that treated revenue. IFRS 15 focuses on a balance-sheet oriented approach compared to the previous standards that focused on an income-statement approach. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to contribute an overview on how companies are affected by IFRS 15. This study also aims to investigate the revenue streams of the companies concerned by IFRS 15 by explaining why a certain revenue streams are affected and not affected. Method: The study is based on a quantitative approach where we collected empirical data from publicly traded companies’ financial reports. We also collected the companies’ analysis of IFRS 15 to analyze the revenue streams. In the study, we used the variables net sales, gross margin and operating margin to measure the effects of IFRS 15. Result: The study’s results showed that most the companies wouldn’t have a quantifiable impact by IFRS 15. Only a small portion of the population in the study received a quantifiable impact by IFRS 15. A large proportion of the population were classified as statistical loss since they haven’t started to analyze the effects yet.

The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of comprehensive income volatility on the value relevance of accounting information of listed Brazilian companies. From the non-financial data released by Brazilian companies listed on the BM& FBOVESPA in the period between 2010 and 2014, it compared the volatility degree of comprehensive income (σRA) and income statement (σRE), aside from evaluate the association of market risk of Brazilian companies with the volatility of comprehensive income, income statement and other comprehensive income (σORA). It also verify whether the value relevance of these entities are associated with the volatility of comprehensive income, income statement and other comprehensive income, and/or the volatility of the components of other comprehensive income. In the data analysis, nonparametric statistical tools and models of multiple linear regression were utilized using panel data. The results show that the volatility of comprehensive income is statistically higher than the volatility of income statement. In addition, it was found that the volatility of income statement and comprehensive income exercise a significant and negative influence on the risk associated with the analyzed companies, and there is a significant and negative effect of other comprehensive income volatility on the risk of these entities. Moreover, it was found that there is a significant and positive influence on the volatility of income statement and the volatility of comprehensive income on the value relevance of the information reported by these companies. A likely explanation for these results relates to the brief moment of requirement and consequent dissemination of DRA, mandatory from the accounting year ending in 2010. Another factor relates to the low disclosure of other comprehensive income by Brazilian companies, which can impact on the understanding of the economic and financial situation of these entities. Likewise, it was found that there is a significant and negative influence of other comprehensive income volatility on the value relevance of the information reported by Brazilian companies, and only the variable related to gains/losses from hedging instruments (σHDEGit) had a significant influence and negative on the value relevance, whose results may show that there is a lack of clarity about the ORA components with regard to the measurement and disclosure of performance, suggesting that they may be perceived as mere \"trash\" to controversial issues. The results may be useful to agents of capital markets and accounting standard-setting bodies such as the CPC (Brazilian Accounting Pronouncements Committee) and the IASB, because they demonstrate that each of these measures (comprehensive income and income statement) have different but complementary roles. Demonstrate the influence of the comprehensive income volatility and its components on the risk and on the value relevance of accounting information can contribute to the discussion about the reasonableness of the separate disclosure in two different performance measures. / Com a presente pesquisa, buscou-se analisar a influência da volatilidade do resultado abrangente sobre a value relevance das informações contábeis de companhias abertas brasileiras. Dessa forma, a partir dos dados divulgados companhias brasileiras não financeiras listadas na BM&FBOVESPA no período compreendido entre 2010 a 2014, comparou-se o grau de volatilidade do resultado abrangente (σRA) e do resultado do exercício (σRE), além de se avaliar a associação do risco de mercado das companhias abertas brasileiras com a volatilidade do resultado abrangente, do resultado do exercício e dos outros resultados abrangentes (σORA), bem como verificar se a value relevance destas entidades está associada à volatilidade do resultado abrangente, do resultado do exercício e dos outros resultados abrangentes, e/ou com a volatilidade dos componentes dos outros resultados abrangentes. Na análise dos dados, foram empregados instrumentos estatísticos não paramétricos e modelos de regressão linear múltipla por meio de panel data. Os resultados permitiram evidenciar que a volatilidade do resultado abrangente é estatisticamente superior à volatilidade do resultado do exercício. Além disso, constatou-se que a volatilidade do resultado do exercício e do resultado abrangente exercem influências significativas e negativas sobre o risco associado às companhias analisadas, e que há influência significativa e negativa da volatilidade dos outros resultados abrangentes sobre o risco dessas entidades. Ademais, verificou-se que há influência significativa e positiva da volatilidade do resultado do exercício e da volatilidade do resultado abrangente sobre a value relevance das informações reportadas por essas companhias. Uma provável explicação para esses resultados refere-se ao pouco tempo de exigência e consequente divulgação da DRA, obrigatória a partir do exercício contábil findo em 2010. Outro fator refere-se à baixa divulgação dos outros resultados abrangentes por parte das companhias brasileiras, o que pode impactar na compreensão da situação econômico-financeiro dessas entidades. Outrossim, constatou-se que há influência significativa e negativa da volatilidade dos outros resultados abrangentes sobre a value relevance das informações reportadas por companhias abertas brasileiras, e que apenas a variável referente aos ganhos/perdas de instrumentos de hedge (σHDEGit) apresentou influência significativa e negativa sobre a value relevance, cujos resultados podem evidenciar que não há clareza sobre os componentes dos ORA no que diz respeito à mensuração e divulgação do desempenho, sugerindo que os mesmos podem estar sendo percebidos como mera \"lixeira\" para questões controversas. Os resultados evidenciados nesta pesquisa podem ser úteis para os agentes de mercados de capitais e para entidades normatizadoras, como o CPC e o IASB, pois demonstram que cada uma dessas medidas (resultado abrangente e resultado do exercício) têm papéis diferentes, mas complementares. Ao demonstrar a influência da volatilidade do resultado abrangente e seus componentes sobre o risco e sobre a value relevance das informações contábeis, contribui-se com a discussão acerca da razoabilidade da divulgação em separado de duas diferentes medidas de desempenho. / Mestre em Ciências Contábeis

Cette thèse étudie l’intégration d’entités environnementales pour elles-mêmes (EEPM) dans la comptabilité générale d’entreprise. Nous resituons premièrement les termes de cette question (Q) dans le cadre des rapports Homme/Nature via une analyse de la Modernité. Nous en déduisons 3 approches-types de Q : une Moderne Orthodoxe centrée sur l’objectivation et incluant notamment la valeur d’existence ; une Moderne renvoyant à l’Ethique Environnementale, où les entités non-humaines sont subjectivées via la valeur intrinsèque ; une a-Moderne Ecologique Relationnelle. Nous montrons ensuite que la ligne narrative centrale de la comptabilité financière est celle du maintien d’un capital – Fundiste, Matérialiste ou monétaire. Nous redéfinissons ainsi la notion de capital de manière étendue et construisons un Modèle Comptable Intégratif (MCI), systématisant l’extension des états financiers à tout capital à partir du principe de maintien des capitaux. Nous relions finalement l’intégration d’EEPM selon chaque approche-type au maintien de certains capitaux et appliquons le MCI à ceux-ci pour obtenir des modèles comptables répondant de façon méthodique à Q. / This thesis studies the integration of environmental entities for their own sakes (EEOS) in external corporate accounting. We firstly place our question (Q) in the framework of Human – Nature relationships, through an analysis of Modernity. This leads us to define 3 generic approaches of Q: a Modern Orthodox one, focused on objectification and which includes in particular the existence value; a Modern one which refers to Environmental Ethics, where non-human entities are subjectified through the intrinsic value; an a-Modern Relational Ecological one. Then we prove that the fundamental narrative of financial accounting is the one of the maintenance of a capital – Fundist, Materialist or monetary. Thus we redefine the notion of capital in an extended way and we elaborate an Integrative Accounting Model (IAM), which systematises the expansion of financial statements to every capital from the capital maintenance principle. We finally connect the integration of EEOS, according to the different generic approaches, to the maintenance of some capitals and we apply the IAM to these capitals in order to obtain accounting models which respond to Q in a systematic way.

Financial analysis is very important in making decisions and also has some dificulties. The first part is about sources of information for financial analysis (balance sheet, income statement, cash flow, annual reports etc.). The second part describes elementary methods of financial analysis. Mainly methods of calculation, interpretation and usage of ratios for the purpose of firm's financial health evaluation (profitability, liquidity, financial stability etc.). The third part is about history of brewing indurstry, history and present of Pivovar Holba, a. s. There are calculated indicators and are compared with branch average and median.

Graduation theses desribes business income, revenues, expenses, costs and cost classification. It shows up accounting concepts and princeples. It interpets different access to the business income. It shows this problem in setting of International Financial Reporting Standards, US GAAP, EU and Czech Republic (subject and presenting financial data). Thesis describes relation between income and financial analysis. It represents maintainance of business substance. In conclusion I describe valuation models and their relations to income.

The topic of this thesis is issue of profit or loss in a company. First, we discuss a theoretical ways of defining and measuring profit or loss. In addition, attention will focus on the profit and loss statement and analysis of some of its items. Part of the thesis also deals with the taxation and profit distribution in the various business entities. In conclusion, the thesis analyzes profit or loss in a particular company.

The master's thesis deals about the draft of a corporate financial plan. First part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical basis of financial planning. Second part focuses on introduction of selected company and business analysis at present. After the company's financial plan for the years 2017 - 2020 is proposed in optimistic and pessimistic version. The last part of the thesis is an evaluation of the company's financial plan.

This master thesis deals with the proposal of a company financial plan. In the first part are defined the theoretical principles of financial planning. The second part of the thesis focuses on the introduction of the selected company, which is followed by strategic and financial analysis of the current situation. Subsequently, the work compiles a financial plan for both optimistic and pessimistic option for the period 2019-2022. At the end of the work is made an overall evaluation of the company financial plan.