International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 18-21, 2004 / Town & Country Resort, San Diego, California / A new class of precision timing and frequency reference is introduced that indirectly receives GPS timing and frequency information via TIA/EIA Standard IS-95 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) mobile telecommunications base station transmissions. Like cell phones, these products operate indoors without external antennas and provide accuracy, low cost and ease of installation. The technology fits particularly well in IP network synchronization and quality-of-service monitoring applications where rooftop antenna installation is often impossible. The salient characteristics of the IS-95 CDMA signals that make them suitable for this purpose and a general CDMA timing receiver architecture are described. Performance data versus similar references that use conventional GPS reception are also presented.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective chart review was to determine how primary molars needing vital pulp therapy have been treated in the past four years at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) and to determine which treatments: indirect pulp therapy (IPT), formocresol pulpotomy, and ferric sulfate pulpotomy have been successful. Methods: AxiUm records that contained the procedure codes D3120 (Pulp Cap – Indirect) or D3220 (Therapeutic Pulpotomy) were totaled by year. Visit records were queried again to identify treatment failures i.e. extractions or pulpectomy. Results: In 2010, 52% of vital pulp therapies were ferric sulfate pulpotomies and in 2014 over 90% were indirect pulp therapy. Indirect pulp therapy had a 96.2% success rate, formocresol pulpotomy had a 65.8% success rate and ferric sulfate had a 62.9% success rate at three years (PConclusions:Indirect pulp therapy is a successful treatment option for the primary tooth with deep caries approaching the pulp

EXPROPRIATING INTERVENTION OF THE STATE IN THE RIGHTS OF A FOREIGN INVESTOR (TAKING OF THE FOREIGN INVESTOR'S PROPERTY) The aim of the thesis is to provide a commentary on the topic of taking of foreign investor's property in such a manner, that a person, with only a fair knowledge of the term "expropriation" and no knowledge of the international investment law, would by reading the paper alone acquire a broad insight into this branch of international law and into its specific concept of taking. For this reason, there is a great attention paid to the evolution of the term in the different sources of international investment law rules, as well as to the theoretical aspects of property in the international law. The focus of the thesis is on the indirect expropriation, which is understood therein as one of the categories of the wider term: "taking". In order to explain the intricacies of the notion of indirect expropriation the author is using the terminology of criminal law. The inspiration for that was one of the articles cited in the text. The study shows that judicial decisions, although being only a subsidiary source of legal rules, are in fact principal means of determination of rules of law in this area. International agreements are slow to react to the needs of the changing relationships of...

There are significant differences in the metabolism of nutritional substrates in polytrauma patients. The actual metabolic needs of the patient may not be achieved despite the guidelines and recommendations for energy supply in the parenteral and enteral form of nutrition are followed. Subsequently this may lead to the occurrence of complications. The aim of the study was to compare the energy intake of each nutrient substrate supplied with nutrition by finding the nutritional substrate utilisation value which is obtained from indirect calorimetry measurements in patients with multiple injuries at the surgical ICU 1 of the Hradec Králové Teaching Hospital. By comparing this data you can obtain the optimum value for the nutritional needs of the patients. In the study we used seven spontaneously breathing polytrauma patients, three women and four men, of an average age of 41±21 years. Utilisations of nutritive substrates of each patient were obtained by indirect calorimetry. Accurate information on the amount and composition of nutrition supplied over 24 hours was also obtained. The patients received an average of 3.80±1.40 g/kg/day of carbohydrates, 1.03±0.56 g/kg/day of lipids and 1.40 ± 0.44 g/kg /day of proteins. The total energy intake was on average 30.94±11.03 kcal/kg/day. In six of seven...

This study examined the link between interparental violence and children's functioning. The goal of the study was to examine an indirect pathway of the effect of interparental violence on children's internalizing and externalizing problems. The data for the study was drawn from The Women and Family Project and included 359 women and one of their children between the ages of 5 and 12-years-old. Sixty-four of these women resided in a battered women's shelter, 100 of these women resided in the community but had a history of interparental violence, and 195 of these women were recruited as a comparison sample. Interparental violence, maternal parenting practices, maternal depression, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed via interviews with mothers and their children. An indirect pathway hypothesis of the effects of interparental violence which posits that interparental violence leads to maternal depression, maternal depression leads to maternal use of maladaptive parenting practices, and maternal maladaptive parenting practices lead to children's internalizing and externalizing problems was tested using structural equation modeling. This new model of the indirect effects of interparental violence was supported by the results of the structural equation models when tested on the sample as a whole as well as separately for the battered and nonbattered sample. A second indirect pathway, though, was more strongly supported. This second model indicates that interparental violence affects children through maternal depression, which is directly related to children's internalizing and externalizing problems. The results of the present study support the importance of indirect pathways of the effects of interparental violence on children.

Estudos que tratam da sintaxe dos objetos indiretos (OI) no português brasileiro (PB), com base em dados coletados de fonte documental histórica, revelam o uso variado das preposições a e para com OIs interpretados como recipiente/meta, no contexto dos verbos de transferência e movimento, entre eles, dar, levar, e outros. Tais estudos revelam ainda a ausência da preposição a com os chamados verbos de criação, entre eles, construir, desenhar, pintar, etc. nos quais OI é interpretado como beneficiário. Outro fato relacionado aos anteriores pode ser descrito da seguinte forma: no PB, o OI não mais é expresso pelos clíticos dativos de 3a pessoa. Tal estratégia está restrita à escrita formal. Isso sugere que sua expressão morfológica foi afetada. Nosso principal objetivo nesta dissertação é contribuir com novas evidências dos aspectos dinâmicos que caracterizam a variação e mudança na história do PB, com base em um corpus constituído de dados extraídos de peças teatrais dos séculos XIX e XX. Como será mostrado, nossos resultados corroboram os estudos anteriores: há uma forte queda na frequência dos clíticos dativos em seu uso de 3a pessoa. Estes deixam de ser a estratégia principal na expressão do OI pronominal. Com base em Torres Morais & Salles (2010) e trabalhos subsequentes, assumimos que a mudança paramétrica na gramática do PB pode ser descrita como a perda do núcleo aplicativo baixo que introduz o OI dativo em estruturas bitransitivas. A configuração em que uma preposição lexical introduz o OI como seu complemento oblíquo é a única opção encontrada no PB. Por ser um modelo internalista, a Teoria dos Princípios e Parâmetros propõe que a mudança sintática é ativada durante o processo de aquisição da língua materna. A mudança no valor de um parâmetro é catastrófica: uma vez fixado na fase de aquisição da linguagem não poderá ser refixado (cf. Lightfoot, 1979, 1997, 1999). Este tipo de abordagem, porém, não traz respostas para as questões que se referem à dinâmica da mudança sintática. Portanto, seguindo Roberts (2007), assumimos que é perfeitamente possível e desejável que se busque conciliar a abordagem proposta no quadro da teoria dos P&P e a abordagem proposta na Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística, tal como formulada por Weinreich, Labov & Hersog (1968) eLabov (1972, 1994).Assumimos ainda a ideia da competição de gramáticas, como proposta por Kroch (1989, 2000, 2001). / Studies on the syntax of indirect objects (IO) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), with data collected from a varied source of historical documents, reveal the variable use of the prepositions a and para introducing the recipient/goal argument, with predicates of transference, such as dar (to give), etc. Another relevant fact is that the preposition a is lost in contexts in which the IO is interpreted as the benefactive, with verbs of creation, such as construir (to build), etc., being replaced by para. Also, a related property is that the IO is no longer expressed by the 3rd person dative pronoun lhe, suggesting that its morphological expression is affected. Our main goal is to contribute to this aspect of variation and change in the history of BP from the perspective of a new data extracted from 19th and 20th centuries plays. Our results corroborate previous studies: there is a strong decrease in the frequency of 3a person dative clitics as a main strategy on the expression of the pronominal IO. Based on Torres Morais & Salles (2010) and subsequent studies we assume a parametric change in the BP grammar, described as the loss of the low applicative head that introduces the dative IO in ditransitive contexts. Thus configuration with the lexical/true preposition is the only option found in (Standard) BP. As an internalist model, the Principles and Parameters Theory assumes that syntactic change is driven by the first-language acquisition process. Consequently the parametric change is catastrophic in each individual in process of learning the mother tongue (cf. Lightfoot, 1979, 1997, 1999). This kind of approach is not insightful for a number of questions concerning the dynamics of syntactic change. Then, following Roberts (2007) we assume that it is perfectly possible and desirable to reconcile the P&P approach with the Theory of Variation and Change, as proposed by Weinreich, Labov &Hersog (1968) e Labov (1972, 1994). We assume also the ideia of competing grammar as proposed by Kroch (1989, 2000, 2001).

Estudos já apontaram para o crescente desaparecimento do pronome clítico dativo de terceira pessoa e para a substituição da preposição a pela preposição para na introdução de objeto indireto (OI) lexical no português brasileiro (PB). Tal fenômeno é identificado a partir de dados do século XIX e esses estudos, em sua maioria, partem de dados da linguagem adulta, sendo que poucos tratam deste fenômeno no âmbito escolar. Esta dissertação discute as estratégias de preenchimento do dativo no português brasileiro (PB), caracterizado pela gramática tradicional de objeto indireto, com o uso das preposições a e para, sob a forma nula e de pronome (lhe/lhes) em redações de alunos de 6º. ao 9º. ano de um colégio público e um colégio particular, da cidade de Santos. Nosso objetivo é verificar o papel da escola na recuperação das formas de prestígio e confrontar os dados encontrados com os trabalhos de Torres Morais e Berlinck (2006), Freire (2011) e Dutra (2003), os quais apontam três estratégias inovadoras: a substituição da preposição a por para, a perda progressiva dos clíticos de 3ª pessoa (lhe/lhes), que são substituídos pela forma preposicionada (a ele/eles, a ela/elas), e o aumento das formas nulas. Acima disso, espera-se, no confronto entre as produções textuais produzidas pelos alunos da escola pública e particular, indagar se há diferença na gramática internalizada de alunos que receberam diferentes estímulos linguísticos. / Several studies have pointed at the increasing disappearance of the pronoun dative clitic third person and for the replacement of the preposition a for para for the introduction of indirect object (OI) lexical in Brazilian Portuguese (PB). This phenomenon is identified from data of the nineteenth century and these studies, mostly originated from data of adult language, and few deal with this phenomenon in the school environment. This essay discusses strategies for fulfilling the dative complement in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), characterized by traditional grammar as indirect object, with the usage of the prepositions a and para and its usage as a null form and a pronoun (lhe/lhes) in 6th to 9th grade students\' compositions within a public and a private school, in Santos. Our aim is to verify the school\'s role in the rescuing of the forms of prestige and comparing the data found in the works of Torres Morais and Berlinck (2006), Freire (2011), and Dutra (2003), which point at three innovative strategies: the replacement of the preposition a for para, the progressive loss of 3rd person clitics (lhe/lhes), which are replaced for the prepositional form (a ele/eles, a ela/elas), and the increasing of null forms. Moreover, it is attempted to question if there is a difference, in the grammar internalized by students from public and private school who received different linguistic stimuli.

The Indirect Perpetration Abstract Institute of indirect perpetration is one of the most important institutes of criminal law. This diploma thesis aims to describe the institute of indirect perpetration, analyze its particular forms, analyze more deeply its selected problematic aspects and based on this provide authentic evaluation and propose changes de lege ferenda. The thesis is divided into 4 chapters. The first chapter explains the term of indirect perpetration and its conditions in general. The legally taxative enumerated forms of indirect perpetration are analyzed one by one together with their corresponding examples. The second chapter studies the history of the institute in our country. The subchapters contain legal regulation of the institute in particular criminal codes effective in Czech countries and opinions of selected historical authors about given problematic, all this since the times of Austrian criminal code from 1852 to currently effective criminal code from 2009. The third chapter discusses selected aspects of the Institute of indirect perpetration. The problematic of personally committed and special criminal offenses, omissive and negligence criminal offenses, indirect perpetration committed using vis absoluta and finally indirect perpetration in relation to participation is discussed....

We provide an analysis of the main sources of data used to estimate fertility schedules in developing countries, giving special attention to Brazil. In addition to the brief history of various data sources, we present several indirect demographic methods, commonly used to estimate fertility and assess the quality of data. From the methods used, the Synthetic Relational Gompertz model gives the most robust estimates of fertility, independent of the data source considered. We conclude that different demographic data sources and methods generate differing estimates of fertility and that the country should invest in quality of birth statistics.

Todos os anos, milhões de reais são gastos para cobrir os custos de garantia de caixas de direção que apresentam problemas de ruído e inconvenientes são causados nas linhas de montagem das grandes montadoras devido a este mesmo problema. Parte destas ocorrências se devem a um ruído específico chamado de Rattle Noise originado por uma operação de regulagem incorreta do bujão de ajuste. Em caixas de direção cujo “design” não permite uma medição direta da regulagem do sistema de ajuste, não existe um meio de avaliar a qualidade da operação e garantir que todas as peças estejam dentro das especificações. Baseado neste problema, este trabalho visa propor uma metodologia de avaliação da qualidade da operação de ajuste da caixa de direção de uma maneira indireta, porém com uma representação muito próxima do resultado que seria apresentado por uma medição direta, se o “design” do produto permitisse. Para tornar isso possível, foram realizados ensaios com caixas de direção em uma bancada experimental de testes aplicando-se a cremalheira cargas perpendiculares a seu eixo e momentos torsores. Foram avaliadas as respostas da amplitude do movimento angular descrito e também do deslocamento da cremalheira no sentido do seu raio observando-se a correlação que as respostas tinham com a real folga do mancal no interior do sistema de ajuste. Estes ensaios mostram que existe uma correlação muito forte entre as variáveis medidas externamente e a real flutuação do mancal no interior do sistema de ajuste e, através da regressão linear, uma equação foi definida para expressar este correlacionamento. Uma máquina foi construída para que a verificação fosse feita em 100% dos mecanismos produzidos na linha de montagem de um modelo de caixa de direção. Depois de construída a máquina, validou-se o seu funcionamento através dos estudos de R&R (Repetitividade e Reprodutibilidade), que ficaram abaixo de 20%, e da calibração da mesma comparando-se os resultados fornecidos pela máquina com as leituras realizadas de forma direta através de peças com o “design” alterado de forma a tornar isto possível, mostrando uma correlação de 99%. Hoje, o sistema está rodando perfeitamente em uma linha de montagem de um grande fabricante de sistemas de direção nacional. / Every year, millions of dollars are spent to cover the insurance costs of steering systems that have noise problems and inconveniences are caused in assembly lines of major car industry because of this same problem. Most of these occurrences are due to a specific noise called Rattle Noise caused by an incorrect operation of the adjustment screw to adjust the steering box. In cases where the direction of "design" does not allow a direct measurement of the values of the adjustment system, there is no way to assess the quality of operation and thus ensure that all parts are within specifications. Based on this problem, this work proposes a methodology to assess the quality of the adjust operation of the steering system in an indirect way, but with a very close representation of the results to be presented by a direct measurement if the "product design" had allowed. To make this possible, tests on steering systems were conducted in a test bench each exciting to rack with loads perpendicular to its axis and torsion loads. We studied responses of the magnitude of angular momentum described by the system and also the displacement of the rack along its radius by observing the correlation within the measured values to the actual bearing clearance into the system. These tests showed that there was a very strong correlation between the measured variables and externally real bearing fluctuation within the system of adjustment and using a linear regression, an equation was defined to express this correlation. A machine was built in order to verify 100% of the products in the assembly line of a vehicle steering system. Once built the machine and validated its operation through R & R studies, which has shown results below of 20%, the system was calibrated comparing the output of the machine with the readings taken directly in parts with the altered "design" to make this possible, showing a correlation of 99%. Today, the system is running perfectly on an assembly line of a major national manufacturer of steering systems.