Este trabalho refere-se ao estudo dos conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes que são mobilizados nos gestores de empresas de micro e pequeno porte dos setores da indústria, do comércio e dos serviços através dos cursos de pósgraduação de formação gerencial, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e de que forma estes fatores são colocados em prática na realidade dessas organizações. Pode-se perceber a utilidade deste trabalho pela importância que estas organizações têm para o país, com significativa participação na atividade empresarial nacional e também pelos muitos equívocos que são cometidos pelos brasileiros quando empreendem um negócio. Foram realizadas dez entrevistas com gestores de organizações de micro e pequeno porte para buscar identificar as percepções que eles têm a respeito dos cursos de pós-graduação realizados, as capacidades desenvolvidas e a aplicabilidade delas em seus negócios. O método utilizado é de natureza qualitativa, através de um estudo exploratório, realizada uma só vez no tempo (transversal). Este trabalho pôde demonstrar que apesar de receber muitas críticas pelo distanciamento dos cursos em relação às necessidades do mercado, a visão dos entrevistados é de que houve um aproveitamento real das competências desenvolvidas, o que demonstrou ser positiva a realização dos cursos de pósgraduação de formação gerencial por gestores de micro e pequenas empresas, nos casos estudados. / The present research refers to the study of the knowledge, skills and attitudes mobilized on micro and small size business managers on industry, commerce and service business through programs of post-graduation of executive education, on Rio Grande do Sul state, and how this factors are put into practice on those organizations. The utility of this study may be shown by the importance that this organizations has for the country, with significant participation on the national entrepreneurial activity and also by the many mistakes made by Brazilians when undertake a business. Ten interviews with managers of micro and small organizations have been carried out to identify the perceptions that they have regarding the post graduation courses they attended, the capacities developed and the applicability on their business. This study has qualitative nature, through an a exploratory study, and was used once (transversal). This work could demonstrate that despite receiving much criticism by the detachment of the courses from the market needs, the vision of the enterviewees is that there was actual use of the competencies developed, what proved to be positive the completion of post-graduation courses of executive education by managers of micro and small enterprises in the cases studied.

Les mutations de l’organisation du travail, et de la place de l’Homme dans l’entreprise ont mené, au cours de trois années de recherches-interventions socio-économique au sein d’une PME, à étudier l’objet complexe et dynamique que représente l’articulation entre les compétences individuelles et collectives à la stratégie de l’entreprise. Cette recherche a pour objet l’étude d’une des composantes du potentiel humain, les compétences, dans leurs dimensions individuelles et collectives, mises en œuvre au niveau de la stratégie de l’entreprise. Elle questionne notamment la mobilisation de l’ensemble des acteurs de l’entreprise ainsi que la mise en adéquation entre des objectifs stratégiques définis et les moyens alloués à leur mise en œuvre. Après avoir mis en exergue les impacts sociaux et économiques des défauts d’articulation entre compétences et stratégie, ces résultats sont discutés et analysés au regard de la littérature. Puis, la thèse présente les outils et processus expérimentés, qui ont permis d’améliorer l’articulation entre compétences individuelles et collectives à la stratégie de l’entreprise. Mobilisant en particulier le concept d’Investissement Immatériel en Développement Qualitatif du Potentiel Humain, la thèse souligne la contribution stratégique, à la fois en termes sociaux et économiques, des ressources humaines à la mise en œuvre stratégique et à la performance globale de l’entreprise. / The changes in the work organization, and the place of human beings in the companies led, during three years of socio-economic intervention-research within an SME, to study the complex and dynamic object that represents the articulation between the individual and collective competencies to the strategy of the company.The purpose of the thesis is to study one of the components of human potential, the competencies, in their individual and collective dimensions, implemented at the level of the company's strategy. In particular, it questions the mobilization of all the company's stakeholders as well as the alignment between the defined strategic objectives and the resources allocated to their implementation.Following an emphasis on the social and economic impacts of the lack of articulation between competencies and strategy, these results are discussed and analyzed in relation to the literature. Then, the thesis presents tools and processes experimented in order to improve this articulation between individual and collective competencies to the company's strategy.Mobilizing in particular the concept of Intangible Investment in Qualitative Development of Human Potential, the thesis highlights the strategic contribution, both in social and economic terms, of human resources to the strategic implementation and the overall performance of the company.