Den här uppsatsen handlar om organisationsteorier, konflikthantering och kommunikation, i syfte på att upprätthålla så bra miljö som möjligt i organisationen. Under studiens gång kommer vi att fokusera på personalen vid psykiatriska kliniken och kommer i samband med detta att utesluta patienternas yttranden. Trots att vi kommer att avstå från att ta initiativ kring patienternas uttalanden, kommer vi genom personalens yttranden få en inblick i de anställdas och patienternas välmående på verksamheten. Uppsatsen kommer att omfatta sex respondenters intervjusamtal, vilka kommer att framläggas under presentationen av materialet.     Tack vare de intervjuer som vi har genomfört tillsammans med de anställda vid de olika avdelningarna på psykiatriska kliniken, har vi på ett indirekt sätt kunnat måla upp en bild av hur patienter påverkas av personalens välmående på jobbet. Via dessa ovannämnda intervjuer och annat litteraturmässigt material, har vi kunnat komma med förslag till hur man genom aktiviteter och terapeutiska metoder skall kunna frambringa bättre relationer och genom dessa skapa bra social miljö för både personal och patienter.      Kvalitativ metodgranskning och hermeneutik har här varit de principiella förhållningssätten inför dessa iakttagelser av att finna lämpligt material. Det vi under undersökningens gång kommit fram till är bland annat att kommunikation och olika terapeutiska samtalsmetoder är ett redskap för personalen och dess utveckling i arbetet inom vården. / This paper deals with organizational theories, conflict management and communication, in order to maintain the best environment as possible in the organization. During the study we will focus on the staff of the psychiatric clinic and in this context to exclude patients' opinions. Although we will refrain from taking the initiative on patients' statements, we will by staff opinions get an insight into the employees' and patients' well-being in the business. The essay will include six professionals respondent interviews, which will be presented during the presentation of the material.     Thanks to the interviews we have conducted together with the staff of the various departments at psychiatric clinic, we have in an indirect way could paint a picture of how patients are affected by the staff well-being at work. Through the above-mentioned interviews and other literature in terms of materials, we have been able to come up with proposals for how the activities and therapeutic methods to produce better relationships and through them to create good social environment for both staff and patients.     Qualitative examination method and hermeneutics have been the basic approaches here to these observation by finding appropriate materials. The course of the investigation we concluded that include communication therapy sessions and various methods are a tool for staff and their development in the work of care.

<p>Den här uppsatsen handlar om organisationsteorier, konflikthantering och kommunikation, i syfte på att upprätthålla så bra miljö som möjligt i organisationen. Under studiens gång kommer vi att fokusera på personalen vid psykiatriska kliniken och kommer i samband med detta att utesluta patienternas yttranden. Trots att vi kommer att avstå från att ta initiativ kring patienternas uttalanden, kommer vi genom personalens yttranden få en inblick i de anställdas och patienternas välmående på verksamheten. Uppsatsen kommer att omfatta sex respondenters intervjusamtal, vilka kommer att framläggas under presentationen av materialet.</p><p>    Tack vare de intervjuer som vi har genomfört tillsammans med de anställda vid de olika avdelningarna på psykiatriska kliniken, har vi på ett indirekt sätt kunnat måla upp en bild av hur patienter påverkas av personalens välmående på jobbet.</p><p>Via dessa ovannämnda intervjuer och annat litteraturmässigt material, har vi kunnat komma med förslag till hur man genom aktiviteter och terapeutiska metoder skall kunna frambringa bättre relationer och genom dessa skapa bra social miljö för både personal och patienter. </p><p>    Kvalitativ metodgranskning och hermeneutik har här varit de principiella förhållningssätten inför dessa iakttagelser av att finna lämpligt material. Det vi under undersökningens gång kommit fram till är bland annat att kommunikation och olika terapeutiska samtalsmetoder är ett redskap för personalen och dess utveckling i arbetet inom vården.</p> / <p>This paper deals with organizational theories, conflict management and communication, in order to maintain the best environment as possible in the organization. During the study we will focus on the staff of the psychiatric clinic and in this context to exclude patients' opinions. Although we will refrain from taking the initiative on patients' statements, we will by staff opinions get an insight into the employees' and patients' well-being in the business. The essay will include six professionals respondent interviews, which will be presented during the presentation of the material.</p><p>    Thanks to the interviews we have conducted together with the staff of the various departments at psychiatric clinic, we have in an indirect way could paint a picture of how patients are affected by the staff well-being at work.</p><p>Through the above-mentioned interviews and other literature in terms of materials, we have been able to come up with proposals for how the activities and therapeutic methods to produce better relationships and through them to create good social environment for both staff and patients.</p><p>    Qualitative examination method and hermeneutics have been the basic approaches here to these observation by finding appropriate materials. The course of the investigation we concluded that include communication therapy sessions and various methods are a tool for staff and their development in the work of care.</p>

In the competitive environment, organizational knowledge became one of the most valuable strategic resources for a company. Indeed, it is said to be the only resource that cannot be imitated, and thus, that provides a reliable competitive advantage. Hence, knowledge management has become a highly investigated field of study. In fact, knowledge sharing, one of the facets of knowledge management is considered as a helpful leverage within a company’s strategy. Knowledge sharing has been studied widely, it is found to be a powerful process to ensure that the developed knowledge within the company is kept in the company and made usable. Even though knowledge sharing has been investigated by researchers, when looking at the practices within organizations, it appears that those are not as efficient as they could be, due to organizational, technical, as well as individual hindrances that affect the establishment of such processes.   This thesis aims to increase the understanding of which factors influence individuals’ sharing behavior and which role a knowledge sharing policy takes. Therefore, interviews have been conducted with the employees within the communications department of the Alstom group. Alstom France is multinational company, which is providing transportation and energy producing solutions; this implies that the communication is a support function and needs to work efficient, which makes the matter of knowledge sharing even more important. It was found that the strategic importance of knowledge sharing is highly acknowledged within Alstom, since the company has introduced a knowledge transfer department, which has released the “Alstom Knowledge Management Transfer Handbook”, the company’s internal knowledge sharing policy. It provides a guideline for the managers within the departments. The perceived motivations and hindrances to share knowledge are mainly about the manager’s role, language and the team culture.

Denna uppsats handlar om stress och dess upplevda orsaker hos den svenska polisen. Uppsatsen utgår från en enkätundersökning som behandlar olika bakgrundsfaktorer till upplevd stress bland anställda vid de svenska polismyndigheterna. Både poliser och civilanställda deltog i undersökningen. Bland annat undersöks organisatoriska och individuella orsaksfaktorer. I undersökningen deltog 107 personer som genomfördes med en internetbaserad enkät. Undersökningen visade på skillnader i upplevd stress mellan de som hade inre respektive yttre tjänst både vad gäller de organisationsinriktade och de individinriktade orsaksfaktorerna. Det var här de som arbetade i yttre tjänst som visade på högst stressnivå. Undersökningen visade också på en moderat total upplevd stressnivå bland respondenterna. Den var inte alarmerande hög men ej heller så låg att den helt kan förkastas.

Clinical trials play an important role in advancing therapeutic and preventive care with many current modalities resulting from prior research. While prior research has described barriers to participation in therapeutic clinical trials, much less in known about barriers related to participation in trials aimed at prevention, prostate cancer prevention in particular. Physicians have been shown to play a critical role in access to trials; however, less is known about the individual and structural factors that influence their participation in prostate cancer prevention trials. This research provides rich ethnographic detail within the context of an ongoing trial. Research participants included physician/investigators who were either directly (serving as a co-investigator) or peripherally (referring patients for participation) involved in prostate cancer prevention intervention clinical trial (PCPICT), as well as those who were considered for participation but declined. Methods included open ended semi-structured interviews, participant-observation and a survey. Participants were recruited via direct inquiry, email and/or letter regarding participation. The results of this study show that individual and structural factors intersect, influencing both the willingness and ability of physician/investigators to participate or refer patients for participation in a prostate cancer prevention intervention clinical trial. Individual factors such as explanatory views on prevention, notions of risk and uncertainty, shared decision-making and duality of roles appear to have a greater influence on the willingness of physicians to participate while structural factors such as staffing, other resources and time are more influential in regards to the ability to participate. This research served as a critical first step towards providing an in-depth understanding of the individual and structural factors that influence a physician's participation in this type of trial. It builds from prior work where a better understanding of barriers and identification of successful strategies to overcome them was a noted void. The researcher identifies areas where additional research would be beneficial and provides applied recommendations for those considering the design of future cancer prevention intervention projects.

Although teachers and students are the primary actors in the classroom environment, they often have different perceptions of the instructional and relational aspects of the classroom. Despite these differences, research indicates perceptions of the quality of the classroom social environment have implications for both student and teacher outcomes. Additionally, research has indicated the differences in perceptions occur not only between students and teachers, but also among individual students within classrooms. The extent and the manner in which these perceptions converge may vary across different class and school contexts. School and class context, as well as individual characteristics and beliefs have shown to influence student and teacher perceptions of their environment. Thus, to further understand the relationship between perceptions and outcomes, it is important to understand the factors that influence perception. Therefore, the current study examined (1) the extent to which elementary school students’ and teachers’ perceptions of the classroom social environment differ from middle school students’ and teachers’ perceptions, (2) the extent to which teachers and students in elementary and middle school agree about the classroom social environment, (3) if the degree of convergence between teachers and students differs based on high or low levels of motivational and socio-emotional components of the classroom environment, (4) the extent to which school, classroom, and individual teacher factors help to explain teacher perceptions of their classroom environment, (5) and the extent to which school, classroom, and individual student factors help to explain student perceptions of their classroom environment. The sample comprised of fifth- and sixth-grade students and teachers from ethnically diverse elementary and middle schools. Exploratory factor analyses revealed differences in how teachers and students conceptualize the classroom environment. Results from multiple regression and design-model multi-level modeling indicated that school socio-economic status, classroom gender and ethnic composition, as well as teacher and student demographics and beliefs, influence both teacher and student perceptions of the Classroom Social Environment. Findings from the current study may guide researchers in developing effective instructional practices for specific teacher and student populations and may provide unique contributions to the literature regarding factors that may enhance early adolescences’ and teachers’ experiences in the classroom.

Background: Despite the societal progress made in recent decades, a gender gap in entrepreneurship persists. In Europe, there are fewer female entrepreneurs than male entrepreneurs. This issue is significant as female entrepreneurship substantially impacts economic development and social well-being. In this paper, we will investigate how different socioeconomic and individual factors affect female total entrepreneurial activity in European countries. Through our research, we aim to provide recommendations to increase the number of female entrepreneurs, remove gender-based barriers, and foster societal progress and economic growth in Europe. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of socioeconomic and individual factors on total entrepreneurial activity for women in European countries. We will specifically analyze the impacts of government support, cultural approval, insufficient access to finance, networking, training &amp; education, and fear of failure on female entrepreneurship. Method: Using publicly available GEM data, we use a panel data study of 31 European countries and seven years, from 2013 to 2019, to investigate how socioeconomic and individual factors influence female total entrepreneurial activity. By utilizing the Hausman test and LM test, we statistically determine that the Random Effects Model (REM) is the most appropriate model to predict our data. Conclusion: The results of the REM show that both Networking and Training &amp; Education have significant positive effects on female total entrepreneurial activity in European countries. We recommend implementing entrepreneurship education in middle or high school curricula to expose students to entrepreneurship experiences and encourage young women to pursue entrepreneurship as a career. Additionally, we recommend tailoring government policies and programs specifically to women to support female entrepreneurial activities.

Posttraumatic Growth (PTG), known as antithesis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Tedeschi, Park, &amp / Calhoun, 1998, p.3), has been highlighted in the literature as a positive outcome of the trauma.In the literature, environmental resources (e.g., social and familial support), individual resources (e.g., personality traits, socio-demographic variables), perception of the event (e.g., type of trauma, duration of trauma), cognitive processing (e.g. impact of event, religious participation), and coping (e.g. problem focused coping, emotion focused coping) were found as possible factors on the development of PTG. In the present study, a model to predict PTG in the patients suffering from myocardial infarction (MI / heart attack) and their spouses was tested on the basis of environmental and personal resources, the perception of the event and cognitive processing as latent variables. The model, developed by Schaefer and Moos (1998), was empirically analyzed for the first time with patients suffered from myocardial infarction and their spouses by structural equation model (SEM) using AMOS program. MI patients getting the treatment in various hospitals in the city of Bolu (N=151) and their spouses (N=137) completed the measures in 1.5-2 hours sessions. The analysis of the model with the MI patients&amp / #8217 / data revealed that both environmental resources and individual resources demonstrated indirect effects on PTG via the effect of the perception of the event, cognitive processing and coping. On the other hand, the analysis of the model for the spouses revealed that individual resources demonstrated indirect effects on PTG through the effect of the perception of the event, cognitive processing and coping while environmental resources did not show significant indirect effects on PTG.The findings were discussed in the context of recent theoretical models of PTG, shortcomings of the current study, clinical implications, and suggestions for future research.

Många svenska barn lever idag i ogynnsamma hemförhållanden. I vissa fall är det bästa för barnet att placeras utanför sin hemmiljö, även om det innebär att barnet separeras från en person de knutit an till. Att separeras från en anknytningsperson kan ge negativa konsekvenser för barnet, det kan till exempel leda till anknytningsproblem. Det har i forskning visat sig att familjehemsplacerade barn i större utsträckning har anknytningsproblem än barn som bor med sina föräldrar. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka vilka faktorer som kan bidra till att familjehemsplacerade barn utvecklar anknytningsproblem. Detta har genomförts som en litteraturöversikt med en innehållsanalys av 15 artiklar som presenterar studier om faktorer som relateras till anknytningsproblem hos familjehemsplacerade barn. Resultatet visar att individrelaterade faktorer så väl som miljörelaterade faktorer kan bidra till att det familjehemsplacerade barnet utvecklar anknytningsproblem. Slutsatsen dras att faktorer hos barnet och faktorer i barnets omgivande miljö är avgörande för att barnet utvecklar anknytningsproblem. / Many children in Sweden are today living in a dysfunctional home environment. In some cases, it is for the child's best interest to be placed out of their home, even if that means to be separated from a person, they have an attachment to. Being separated from an attachment figure can have negative consequences for the child. Research has shown that children placed in foster home, seem to have greater issue in attachment when it compares to that of children who live with their parents. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that can lead to attachment issues in foster children. The chosen method was a literature review including 15 articles that has been analysed through a content analysis. The result of this study shows that individual as well as environmental factors can cause issues in attachmentin foster children.

<p><b>Objectives</b> The study will assess patterns of known individual, interpersonal, and community-level circumstances leading to suicide to understand how these factors can co-occur. These patterns will help focus on prevention strategies.</p><p><b>Methods</b> Data was collected from the Iowa Violent Death Reporting System, Census data from the American Community Survey, and 2010 rural-urban commuting area codes from the Economic Research Service. The study consisted of three steps. The first step latent class analysis was conducted on data from suicide deaths from Iowa in 2016-2018 to create classes of patterns of circumstances leading to suicide. The second step maximum probability assignment was used to assign the sample of 1,276 to the created latent classes. Finally, in the third step bivariate regressions were ran to understand the relationship between the created latent classes and the rurality variable (nonmetropolitan vs metropolitan).</p><p><b>Results </b>Five latent classes of distinct patterns of suicide factors emerged. Class 1 is physical health problems living in areas that are average on all community-level variables. This class 1 is seen to happen with higher odds in nonmetropolitan areas. Class 2 is interpersonal problems in areas where living alone is high. This class 2 happened with higher odds in nonmetropolitan areas. Class 3 is mental health problems or depressed mood with no legal problems in areas that had lower educational attainment. This class 3 did not indicate greater odds based on rurality. Class 4 is history of mental health treatment in well-off areas. This class 4 was seen to happen with higher odds in metropolitan areas. Class 5 is substance abuse problems in poorer areas. This class 5 did not indicate greater odds based on rurality. All the classes shared a common theme of experiencing mental health issues or being in a depressed mood.</p><p><b>Conclusions </b>Suicide is a complex concern that could be classified into several classes that have distinct patterns of suicide factors. These classes and patterns help with identifying what services and interventions are needed in certain communities. Overall, providing support in regards to mental health as well as intervening in childhood to support positive development may provide substantial mitigation to the odds of committing suicide. In investigating these patterns, future prevention and intervention effort can take into consideration these patterns to tailor to the individual and the environments where they live.</p>