Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2014-09-26T19:43:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Mateus.Texto.pdf: 551471 bytes, checksum: d97e7cfb839c8c3dd7b3b1360d112957 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-11-24T18:21:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Mateus.Texto.pdf: 551471 bytes, checksum: d97e7cfb839c8c3dd7b3b1360d112957 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-24T18:21:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Mateus.Texto.pdf: 551471 bytes, checksum: d97e7cfb839c8c3dd7b3b1360d112957 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Diante de uma discussão não consensual a respeito da existência ou não de um trade-off entre inflação e desemprego (curva de Phillips), esta dissertação analisa a evolução desta relação na economia brasileira no período 1980-2010 através de duas análises diferentes: A primeira é uma análise considerada estática, realizada com a utilização de uma regressão linear simples. A segunda consiste em uma análise dinâmica, onde é utilizada uma regressão com coeficientes time-varying, com a estimação dos coeficientes sendo realizada com a aplicação do filtro de Kalman. Os resultados econométricos mostraram que a relação entre inflação e desemprego de fato se alterou ao longo do período analisado: A curva de Phillips se torna horizontal após o Plano Real e fica levemente positiva após o Regime de Metas de Inflação. Sendo assim, este trabalho basicamente se divide em duas partes: A primeira consiste de uma contextualização teórica da relação entre inflação e desemprego e do regime de metas de inflação. A segunda parte traz a análise econométrica, onde é descrita a evolução do trade-off. Diante dos resultados encontrados, são apresentadas suas possíveis causas e é realizada uma análise qualitativa da atual política monetária praticada pelo Banco Central do Brasil. / Faced with a nonconsensual discussion regarding the existence or not of a tradeoff between inflation and unemployment (Phillips curve), this dissertation examines the evolution of this relationship in the Brazilian economy during the period 1980-2010 using two different analysis: The first is considered a static analysis, performed with the use of a simple linear regression. The second is a dynamic analysis, where it is used a regression with time-varying coefficients, and the estimation of the coefficients is accomplished with the application of the Kalman filter. The econometric results show that the relationship between inflation and unemployment in fact changed over the period analyzed: The Phillips curve becomes horizontal after the Real Plan and is slightly positive after the Inflation Targeting Regime. Accordingly, this work is basically divided into two parts: The first consists of a brief review of the relationship between inflation and unemployment and the inflation targeting regime. The second part presents the econometric analysis, which describes the evolution of trade-off. Faced with the results, are presented their possible causes and is carried out a qualitative analysis of current monetary policy applied by the Central Bank of Brazil.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-12T11:17:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ronaldotrogodealmeida.pdf: 1648591 bytes, checksum: 8908c04560a36cd8ba7b3e2a5858d5a0 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Renata, não entendi porque o título está entre aspas “O efeito da transparência sobre a incerteza inflacionária no Brasil dentro do regime de metas” on 2016-02-26T12:10:54Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-26T12:14:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ronaldotrogodealmeida.pdf: 1648591 bytes, checksum: 8908c04560a36cd8ba7b3e2a5858d5a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-03-03T13:39:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ronaldotrogodealmeida.pdf: 1648591 bytes, checksum: 8908c04560a36cd8ba7b3e2a5858d5a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T13:39:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ronaldotrogodealmeida.pdf: 1648591 bytes, checksum: 8908c04560a36cd8ba7b3e2a5858d5a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a relação entre incerteza inflacionária e transparência do banco central dentro do período de metas de inflação, de julho de 2003 a maio de 2010. Para tanto, foram realizados dois desenvolvimentos teóricos, em que no primeiro se fez uso do desenvolvimento de Demertzis e Hallet (2007) com o arcabouço teórico da curva de oferta de Lucas como restrição, enquanto o segundo utilizou o arcabouço teórico da curva de Phillips novo-keynesiana que, além de contar com a função perda do banco central, incorpora a função perda dos agentes, passando estes a serem afetados diretamente pelas decisões da autoridade monetária. Cabe ressaltar que nos desenvolvimentos realizados houve uma modificação crucial em relação à literatura no que tange a importância da transparência no ambiente econômico, usualmente avaliada sobre a trajetória das variáveis econômicas e suas variâncias, conforme resultados de Demertzis e Hallet (2007). Contudo, nesta dissertação, a importância da transparência incide essencialmente sobre a incerteza dos agentes econômicos em relação à inflação futura através dos erros de previsão destes, baseado fundamentalmente nos pressupostos de Lahiri e Sheng (2010), em que os agentes econômicos no caso brasileiro são representados pelos participantes da pesquisa Focus. Dado o arcabouço utilizado no primeiro modelo, as relações teóricas encontradas não apontaram importância da transparência sobre a incerteza inflacionária dos indivíduos, sendo esta medida afetada essencialmente pelos choques de oferta da economia. No entanto, no que concerne ao exercício empírico, os resultados sugerem que uma parcela substancial da variabilidade observada na incerteza individual não é explicada pela variação observada nos choques de oferta, havendo, portanto, a possibilidade de que outros fatores possam ser incorporados, uma vez que o modelo teórico sugere que, caso os agentes não enfrentem problemas de comunicação com a autoridade monetária, os choques de oferta deveriam ser a origem da incerteza individual. Desta forma, existe espaço para explorarmos o problema considerando um novo arcabouço teórico representado pela curva de Phillips novo-keynesiana, que permitiu a inserção da discussão da transparência sobre a incerteza inflacionária dos agentes. Os resultados empíricos comprovaram as relações teóricas apresentadas, ou seja, a variável referente à transparência política do banco central foi assaz importante na explicação da incerteza inflacionária dos agentes durante o período de interesse. / This study aimed to analyze the relation between inflation uncertainty and transparency of the central bank within the period of inflation targeting, from July 2003 to May 2010. Therefore, there were two theoretical developments, in which the first was made use of development Demertzis and Hallet (2007) with the theoretical framework of the Lucas supply curve as restriction, while the second used the theoretical framework of the new-Keynesian Phillips curve, in addition to the central bank’s loss function, incorporates loss function of the agents, passing these to be directly affected by the decisions of the monetary authority. Note that the developments made there was a crucial change from the literature regarding the importance of transparency in the economic environment, usually evaluated on the trajectory of economic variables and their variances, according to results of Demertzis and Hallet (2007). However, in this work, the importance of transparency essentially concerns the uncertainty of economic agents regarding future inflation through the forecast errors of these fundamentally based on the assumptions of Lahiri and Sheng (2010), in which economic agents in the Brazilian case are represented by the research participants Focus. Given the framework used in the first model, the theoretical relationships found not pointed importance of transparency on inflation uncertainty of individuals, and this measure is affected primarily by supply shocks in the economy. However, regarding the empirical exercise, the results suggest that a substantial portion of the variability in the individual uncertainty is not explained by variation in the supply shocks observed, and therefore there is the possibility that other factors can be incorporated once the theoretical model suggests that if the agents do not face communication problems with the monetary authority, the supply shocks should be the origin of individual uncertainty. Thus, there is room to explore the problem considering a new theoretical framework represented by the new-Keynesian Phillips curve, which allowed the insertion of the discussion of transparency on inflation uncertainty of the agents. The empirical results confirm the theory with the relations, that is, the variable on the central bank policy transparency was quite important in explaining inflation uncertainty of the agents during the period of interest.

Submitted by André Furtado Braz (andre.braz@fgv.br) on 2012-05-11T18:14:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final_André Braz.pdf: 728822 bytes, checksum: eb3a9ee3323bce96ed76b7dbb7ed3a48 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor Souza (vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2012-05-11T18:15:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final_André Braz.pdf: 728822 bytes, checksum: eb3a9ee3323bce96ed76b7dbb7ed3a48 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-17T20:16:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final_André Braz.pdf: 728822 bytes, checksum: eb3a9ee3323bce96ed76b7dbb7ed3a48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / Desde a implantação do sistema de metas de inflação em julho de 1999, o Banco Central (BC) tem utilizado para monitorar a política monetária um número crescente de indicadores, dentre os quais, incluem-se as medidas de núcleo de inflação. O objetivo é obter uma informação mais precisa sobre o curso da inflação no país e, consequentemente, sobre o futuro da política monetária. Além do Banco Central, muitas instituições financeiras utilizam medidas de núcleo para orientar suas estimativas em relação ao comportamento da inflação no país. Deste modo, esta dissertação faz uma avaliação dos núcleos de inflação utilizando os principais testes estatísticos e econométricos sugeridos pela literatura econômica e propõe ainda novos indicadores para o Brasil. / Since the implementation of inflation targeting system in July 1999, the Central Bank (BC) is used to monitor the monetary policy of a growing number of indicators, among which include measures of core inflation. The goal is to obtain more precise information about the course of inflation in the country and hence on the future of monetary policy. In addition to the Central Bank, many financial institutions use core measures to guide their expectations regarding the behavior of inflation in the country. Thus, this paper makes an assessment of core inflation using the main statistical and econometric tests suggested in the literature and proposes new economic indicators for Brazil.

This thesis analyzes the impact of the monetary policy of the Czech Republic on the Czech banking sector. It explains the monetary transmission mechanism in an inflation targeting regime and its channels: interest rates channel, asset price channel, exchange rate channel and credit channel. The aim of the thesis is to introduce and analyze channels of the Czech transmission mechanism by Correlation and Graphical Analysis of chosen time series and using Linear Regression Model. The analyses are calculated in MS Excel and Gretl.

Une des questions fondamentales en économie est celle du rôle que devraient jouer les autorités publiques pour mitiger les fluctuations de l’activité économique. Cette thèse, organisée en trois chapitres, analyse comment les politiques économiques peuvent être caractérisées à travers différentes structures économiques et au cours du cycle économique. En particulier, la première partie de la thèse se concentre sur la politique budgétaire et analyse comment les différentes caractéristiques structurelles des pays affectent l’efficacité de la politique budgétaire. La deuxième partie analyse la conduite de la politique monétaire dans des pays en régime de ciblage d’inflation et la manière dont celle-ci a été affectée par l’expansionnisme monétaire sans précédent des économies avancées depuis la crise financière et économique globale. Le chapitre met en évidence le rôle des facteurs domestiques et externes qui affectent les décisions de politique monétaire dans les pays émergents. Etant donné que les politiques budgétaire et monétaire sont les outils les plus importants disponibles pour les autorités publiques pour la gestion de la politique macroéconomique, le troisième chapitre de la thèse analyse les bases théoriques qui soutiennent l’utilisation de ces politiques de manière contra-cyclique, et étudie comment, dans la pratique, ces politiques ont répondu aux fluctuations économiques en Amérique Latine au cours des deux dernières décennies. En particulier le chapitre analyse dans quelle mesure les politiques budgétaire et monétaire renforcent ou contrebalancent les fluctuations économiques, c’est-à-dire dans quelle mesure elles sont pro-cycliques ou contra-cycliques, et discute le rôle des institutions économiques. / One of the most fundamental questions in economics is what should be the role of economic authorities in addressing fluctuations in economic activity. This dissertation, organized in three chapters, analyses how economic policies can be characterized across economic structures and along the business cycle. In particular, the first part of the dissertation focuses on fiscal policy and addresses the question of how different structural characteristics across countries affect the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The second part analyses the conduct of monetary policy in inflation targeting countries and how it has been affected by the unprecedented expansionary monetary policies implemented by advanced economies since the recent global financial and economic crisis. The chapter highlights the role of domestic and external factors affecting the determination of monetary policy. Given that fiscal and monetary policies are the two most important tools available for policymakers in terms of macroeconomic management, the third chapter of the dissertation analyses the theoretical grounds for these policies to be used in a countercyclical manner, and studies how in practice these policies have responded to economic fluctuations in Latin America over the last two decades. In particular the chapter analyses the degree to which fiscal and monetary policies reinforce or counterbalance fluctuations in economic activity, i.e. whether these policies have been procyclical or countercyclical, and discusses the role of economic institutions.

The dissertation thesis is devoted to the topic of investment with emphasis on their position within the transmission mechanism of inflation targeting. It discusses starting-points of inflation targeting regime, individual transmission channels of monetary policy including their connections, and routes through which the central bank may influence the investment. There are analyzed selected investment theories and other theoretical models that are associated with the investment. Factors, whose changes may induce changes in investment, are derived using the intersection of these two analyzed aspects. They are variables, which flow from a theoretical analysis of transmission channels, as well as variables, that are not directly accented within these channels, but they can be affected by the central bank. Even factors, that are not within the competence of the central bank, are included among the variables. Using available data, sources of investment variability are verified on data for the Czech Republic. Basic empirical analysis of time series and correlation analysis are performed and the vector error correction model is compiled.

This study is about whether the money supply in South Africa under a monetary policy regime of inflation‐targeting is exogenously or endogenously determined. The proposition of an exogenous money supply has been offered by monetarists, where the Central Bank determines the quantity of money supplied to the economy and this has a causal influence on income and credit extension. The endogenous money theory is a post‐Keynesian proposition whereby the money creation is determined by banks adjusting their responses to demands for credit‐money from economic agents. The data analysis is from 2000Q1 to 2010Q4 and entails the use of the variables monetary base (MB), domestic credit extension (DCE), M3, and gross national product (GDP). All variables are logged. The empirical tests conducted start with the Augmented Dickey‐Fuller unit root test to determine the variables order of integration. Johansen cointegration tests are done followed by Vector Error‐Correction Models (VECMs) and Granger causality tests to determine whether there is unidirectional or bidirectional causality between variables over the long and short‐run. Based on the results of the testing it was discovered that over the inflation‐targeting regime money supply in South Africa was endogenously determined. Furthermore, the data best supports the Accommodationist analysis of endogenous money as opposed to that of Structuralism and Liquidity Preference / Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in

The aim of this thesis is to analyze impacts of monetary policy of Czech national bank on the Czech economy since 1993 to 2015. Last few years monetary policy has been often discussed topic in Czech republic. Instruments of monetary policy have been changing and it will be changed again. In this conditions the analysis of entire period of CNB existence is very attractive for author. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with economic theory of central bank. In this part the thesis talks in detail about the regimes of monetary policy and it is focusing on the inflation targeting. The practical part of the thesis deals with analysis of monetary policy in every year in terms of meeting the targets and their impact on the economy. The conclusion of this analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of monetary policy from 1993 to the present.

This research paper on monetary policy focuses on strategy of inflation targeting and its modification in an environment of deflationary pressures. Focus of this paper is based on three main points that correspond to the content of individual chapters. The first point is a theoretical analysis of the main attributes of inflation targeting with emphasis on analysis of the functioning of the transmission channels. The second point is an analysis of implementation of this strategy in the Czech National Bank and in the Reserve Bank of New Zealand. In this point separate analysis was made of the development of inflation targeting and transformation of relationship between macroeconomic variables in transmission mechanism. The third point then debates the modification of monetary policy instruments in the context of inflation targeting adopted by the Czech National Bank, with an emphasis on the introduction of exchange rate commitment. Throughout the work are used simple methods for analysis with further emphasis on the actuality. The conclusion summarizes the findings and evaluates the modification of the inflation targeting strategy as a positive phenomenon in the context of evolution of monetary policy.

This thesis deals with the realization of inflation targeting in the Slovak and the Czech Republic, and compares successfulness in fulfilling of inflation target. It is divided into three chapters. The first chapter characterizes monetary policy in general and two transmission mechanisms used in both countries. The next chapter is concerned with the practical application of monetary transmission mechanism after the monetary separation. Problems connected with the realization of this monetary policy regime that led to the change in the transmission mechanism in both central banks are also mentioned. In the last chapter there is the comparison of conditions in Slovakia and the Czech Republic during the implementation and application inflation targeting. We also compare trend in the actual and target inflation rate, and describe changes in the key interest rates of both national banks as a result of it.