This thesis explores the issue of noise in the simultaneous interpreting process, using the concept of noise as defined in information theory and the model of communication developed by Claude Shannon. The theoretical section of this thesis first offers a brief explanation of the basic concepts involved in information theory, followed by a description of Shannon's model. Selected models of interpreting are then introduced based on this model of communication. A list of potential types of noise is then presented based on the literature examined that may have an impact on the interpreter during simultaneous interpreting. The empirical section of this thesis consists of a questionnaire and an experiment. The questionnaire determines to what extent interpreters find the potential types of noise from the list created in the theoretical section disruptive in their work. The list of types of noise is also expanded based on respondents' answers. The questionnaire also determines what strategies respondents employ to overcome adverse factors. The new types of noise and strategies employed are described in this thesis using open-ended answers from the respondents. The experiment tests the impact of a burst-noise channel on simultaneous interpreting. A total of 13 respondents took part in the experiment,...

Title: Optimizing quantum simulations and the DMRG method Author: Jan Brandejs Department: Department of Chemical Physics and Optics Supervisor: doc. Dr. rer. nat. Jiří Pittner, DSc., J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Abstract: In this work, we explore the quantum information theoretical aspects of simulation of quantum systems on classical computers, in particular the many- electron strongly correlated wave functions. We describe a way how to reduce the amount of data required for storing the wavefunction by a lossy compression of quantum information. For this purpose, we describe the measures of quantum entanglement for the density matrix renormalization group method. We imple- ment the computation of multi-site generalization of mutual information within the DMRG method and investigate entanglement patterns of strongly correlated chemical systems. We present several ways how to optimize the ground state calculation in the DMRG method. The theoretical conclusions are supported by numerical simulations of the diborane molecule, exhibiting chemically interest- ing electronic structure, like the 3-centered 2-electron bonds. In the theoretical part, we give a brief introduction to the principles of the DMRG method. Then we explain the quantum informational...

Title: Krylov Subspace Methods - Analysis and Application Author: Tomáš Gergelits Department: Department of Numerical Mathematics Supervisor: prof. Ing. Zdeněk Strakoš, DrSc., Department of Numerical Mathematics Abstract: Convergence behavior of Krylov subspace methods is often studied for linear algebraic systems with symmetric positive definite matrices in terms of the condition number of the system matrix. As recalled in the first part of this thesis, their actual convergence behavior (that can be in practice also substantially affected by rounding errors) is however determined by the whole spectrum of the system matrix, and by the projections of the initial residual to the associated invariant subspaces. The core part of this thesis investigates the spectra of infinite dimensional operators −∇ · (k(x)∇) and −∇ · (K(x)∇), where k(x) is a scalar coefficient function and K(x) is a symmetric tensor function, preconditioned by the Laplace operator. Subsequently, the focus is on the eigenvalues of the matrices that arise from the discretization using conforming finite elements. Assuming continuity of K(x), it is proved that the spectrum of the preconditi- oned infinite dimensional operator is equal to the convex hull of the ranges of the diagonal function entries of Λ(x) from the spectral decomposition K(x) =...

1 Abstract The diploma thesis will focus on television as a constantly evolving medium and the question whether the present TV audience is still a viewer and is suitable for the classic mass media, or that television is so close to the new media that it would be more convenient to talk about its "users ". Based on the assumption that society's access to television has changed over the years of its existence, we will archaeologically investigate television from the perspective of several leading media theorists over the past decades. We will examine first of all how the interface between the television medium and the viewer has changed, and especially the possibilities that television offers to its audience. At first, we will focus on the perspective of Marshall McLuhan, the theme of the remedation of the authors Jay D. Bolter and Richard Grusin. Subsequently, we will focus on the research direction of media archeology, based on the work of Michael Foucault's Archeology of Knowledge, and will examine the television and the discourse it is part of. We will focus on the ideas of writers such as Jussi Parikka, Siegfried Zielinski, William Uricchio and Axel Bruns. The work of Lva Manoviche and others will also appear. Particular attention will be paid to the gradual development of television as a medium and its...

TITLE: Support for the development of reading literacy and the practice of Czech schools AUTHOR: Mgr. Pavlína Nešněrová DEPARTMENT: Department of Primary Education PedF UK Prague SUPERVISOR: Prof. PaedDr. Radka Wildová, CSc. ABSTRACT: The subject of this dissertation thesis is the issue of reading literacy of pupils of primary education. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the quality of reading literacy of pupils of the first grade of elementary school through specifically focused questions and tasks and to elaborate a practical methodical manual for teachers on this topic. The research itself was realized through a didactic test aiming to determine the reading literacy status of pupils of 3rd, 4th and 5th year of elementary school through four groups of questions and tasks in terms of the ability to obtain and process information in various types of texts, texts. Based on the results, conclusions were formulated and discussion topics presented. The research findings were applied in a practical manual, which is part of the work, and which is intended to inspire teachers to work with literary texts in lessons. KEYWORDS: Reading literacy, primary education, targeted tasks, skills and competences, text information.

The thesis aims to map the health information behaviour of parents. Behaviour of parents represents a significant part in the life of child and therefore the attention of this thesis is focused on this topic. Its theoretical part introduces the areas characterising the topic - information behaviour, models and process of information behaviour, health, health literacy and phenomena affecting information behaviour (such as advertisement in health service or information overload). The research part contains a methodological basis of work and describes the research design. In the final part, analytical results of the interviews are elaborated.

This diploma thesis focuses on the problem of information behavior in the process of providing medical and health information. Research focuses on identifying information barriers. Research was implemented in several specialized workplaces: Homolka Hospital Library, National Medical Library, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine: Scientific Medical Library, Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education: Department of Scientific Information and Bulovka Hospital Library. The following part is my own research listing the reference workstations and utilizing the information about the problem provided by the local employees. The information was gathered during monitored interviews. The thesis also introduces basic theoretical concepts of the area of information behavior, which are related to the topic. The final part is the evaluation of the results from the collection of information. The components are suggestions for changes to improve.

This thesis focuses on the information resources suitable for analysis of political and economic development. The main aim is to present sources which deal with the intelligence. The term "intelligence" is also subject to closer examination. The following chapters describe various sources of valuable information: from providers of security and political analyses to country intelligence.

The thesis focuses on the role of rating agencies in the financial crisis. The aim of the thesis is to judge a rate how much rating agencies contributed to give rise to last financial crisis, began by fall of Lehman Brothers in 2008. A main question is whether rating agencies acted inadvertently or on purpose and which all factors contributed most to result in financial crisis and as well how the rating agencies could influence and cope with these factors. The thesis deals with regulation of rating agencies and their appropriateness too. Rating and its aspects in theoretical way are described in the first part of the work. The real situation of rating industry prior to and in financial crisis is described in the second practical part of the thesis.

The thesis focuses on Kuhlthau's Information Search Process Model. Firstly, the author explains Kuhlthau's model of information retrieval and seeking meaning of information from user's perspective. Results of the model are the uncertainty principle and mediation - findings which change our view of library services. In the second part of the thesis, the author introduces other research texts and manuals about writing a scientific text. She pays special attention to Jadwiga Šanderová's comprehensive manual which is called How to read and write a scientific text in social sciences, and to stylistics research text by Světla Čmejrková et al. called How to write down a scientific text. Thirdly, the author evaluates the survey which verifies Kuhlthau's model in the environment of the Czech Republic. The survey has taken place among postgraduate students, teachers and scientists from chosen universities in the Czech Republic