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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Le Lagrangien à l'épicerie : comparaison des résultats théoriques et empiriques du rendement de l'information sur Internet dans une perspective d'économie comportementale

Levasseur-Laberge, Cédric January 2017 (has links)
La prémisse de la rationalité décisionnelle des agents, généralement définie comme la « prise de décision optimale sous l’information disponible », occupe une place centrale dans la théorie économique, à tel point que, lorsque la rationalité décisionnelle passe à la loupe, c’est souvent l’ensemble de la science économique qui l’est à sa suite. Pourtant, le quotidien abonde de cas ne se conformant pas à une certaine définition de l’optimalité; pour des décisions de faibles enjeux, les agents économiques pourront couper court à leur réflexion et se contenter d’une décision potentiellement sous-optimale afin de minimiser le coût de la prise de décision. Or, avec l’ubiquité d’Internet, l’information et la puissance de calcul sont plus disponibles que jamais, à tel point où le tri de l’information dans la surabondance d’Internet constitue une nouvelle forme de coût de décision. Ce mémoire s’intéresse donc à deux questions concernant la prise de décision avec échéances; la première est: à quels types de décisions, en fonction de la taille de leur enjeu, les agents économiques consacreront-ils le plus de temps de réflexion? La seconde est: à quels types d’informations les agents se fient-ils le plus? Essentiellement, nous testons si les individus optimisent l’effort qu’ils mettent à optimiser . Nous utilisons une méthodologie expérimentale basée sur un jeu-questionnaire, avec incitatifs financiers à la performance, simulant différentes décisions à caractère économique auxquelles des personnes sont appelées à être exposées au cours de leur vie. Comme résultats, nous trouvons une relation concave entre la taille de l’enjeu sur lequel porte une décision et les ressources allouées à la décision. Cette relation s’estompe lorsque les contraintes de temps se resserrent. Nous tentons également de vérifier s’il existe un lien entre et le choix de sources d’informations à des fins de décision et la familiarité de celles-ci pour l’agent, mais ne trouvons pas de relation significative. De plus, nous ne parvenons pas à établir de relation entre le temps consacré à prendre une décision et l’optimalité de celle-ci.
2

A linguistic analysis of event conceptualisation processes in first and second language discourse : evidence for language-specificity in the temporal discourse organisation of basic and advanced Czech and Hungarian learners of English

Vanek, Norbert January 2013 (has links)
This dissertation examines conceptual reorganisation in second language learners by comparing event construal patterns in first language (L1) and second language (L2) discourse. Previous research suggests that the way grammatical aspect is encoded in the speaker's L1 can influence how events are conceptualised in their L2 (von Stutterheim & Carroll 2006). Given the lack of consensus regarding partial (Bylund 2011a) versus zero (Schmiedtová et al. 2011) susceptibility to reorganising L1 event construal patterns in L2, the present work contributes to this resonant discussion by investigating the extent to which language-specific grammatical aspectual operators influence message planning (Levelt 1989, Habel & Tappe 1999) in three typologically diverse L1 groups and four L2 groups. More specifically, film verbalisations and picture descriptions by Czech, Hungarian and English native speakers, and Czech and Hungarian learners of English at basic and advanced levels were elicited to test (a) whether crosslinguistic event construal contrasts are attributable to the differences in the grammatical means that are available for encoding temporality in a particular L1; (b) whether learners’ degree of susceptibility to reorganising L1 principles for temporal reference in the target language changes as a function of L2 proficiency; and (c) whether event construal patterns across groups remain unaffected by changes of modality (speech vs. writing) and task type. The main novel feature lies in testing L2 learners’ ability to adjust L1 thinking-for-speaking principles (Slobin 1996) in the target language through a systematic scrutiny of four conceptualisation processes abreast (i.e. event segmentation, information selection, temporal structuring and linearization).
3

Det är utmanande och komplext att skriva enkelt och konkret : En studie om att anpassa en tryckt broschyr till en webbplats

Svalelid, Sara January 2019 (has links)
Den här studien undersöker hur en tryckt broschyr kan anpassas till en webbplats. Syftet med arbete är att se hur en informationsrik text kan skrivas i klarspråk och hur tydlighet och struktur påverkar webbanpassningen av en text. Jag har i denna studie utgått från en informationsbroschyr om värmepumpar utgiven av Energimyndigheten. På uppdrag av Energimyndigheten har jag omarbetat några sidor av broschyren och förberett dem för digitalt format. Målgruppen för informationsmaterialet är villaägare och energi- och klimatrådgivare som arbetar med rådgivning om värmepumpar. Jag har utgått från teorier gällande klarspråk, läsning på skärm, hierarkier, komposition och disposition. Jag har gjort en textanalys på den befintliga broschyren, genomfört en enkätundersökning med energi- och klimatrådgivare, intervjuat en värmepumpsexpert på Energimyndigheten och sedan genomfört utprovningar med villaägare. De slutsatser jag kommit fram till är att webbtexter behöver vara konkreta och korta. Användande av vardagliga uttryck och förklaringar av krångliga ord och facktermer, underlättar för läsaren. Ett bra exempel är att inkludera en ordlista. Det ska vara enkelt att få en snabb överblick av webbplatsens innehåll och användaren vill inte behöva skrolla ner på skärmen, det försämrar översikten och sammanhanget. Men den absolut viktigaste slutsatsen är att försöka förstå målgruppen och utgå från deras förkunskaper. / This study examines how a printed brochure can be adapted to a website. The aim of this study is to see how an information-rich text can be adapted to a digital format with focus on plain language and how structure can contribute to web adaptation of a text. In this study I have worked with an information brochure about heat pumps, the brochure is a publication from the Swedish Energy Agency. On behalf of the Swedish Energy Agency I have revised some pages of the brochure and prepared them for a digital format. The target group of this information brochure is Swedish homeowners and energy and climate advisors. The advisors help and guide homeowners who are looking for information about heat pumps. I have focused on theories of plain language, reading on screen, hierarchy, composition and disposition. A text analysis on the existing brochure has been performed and I have conducted a survey where I gathered opinions from the energy and climate advisors. I have also interviewed a heat pump expert at the Swedish Energy Agency and conducted usability test with homeowners. The conclusions of my study are that web texts need to be concise and short. The usage of ordinary words is important and to always explain difficult phrases and technical words is of great help to the reader. A good example is to include a dictionary. It should be easy to get a quick overview of the site content and the user should see the full page info, having to scroll down complicates the overview and context. But the most important conclusion is that the writer needs to understand the target group and their previous knowledge.
4

Разработка инструментария отбора источников информации для принятия управленческих решений : магистерская диссертация / The development of information sources selection tools for management decisions

Novozhilova, Yu. A., Новожилова, Ю. А. January 2016 (has links)
The dissertation has the basic concepts, analysis of factors affecting management decision-making, current approaches to the classification of information sources, methodology for assessing sources of information. Based on the theoretical analysis and analysis of the investigated enterprise’s information system, summary classification of information sources, general principles, and system of information sources selection was developed. The dissertation introduces practical recommendations for the implementation of information sources selection process into the development of management decisions process. The developed system was tested on three information sources for industrial enterprise. / В диссертации исследован понятийный аппарат, проанализированы факторы, влияющие на принятие управленческого решения, существующие подходы к классификации источников информации, современные методики оценки источников информации. На основе проведенного теоретического анализа и анализа системы информации исследуемого предприятия была разработана сводная классификация источников информации для принятия управленческих решений, общие принципы и система отбора источников информации. Даны практические рекомендации по внедрению процесса отбора источников информации в процесс разработки управленческого решения. Разработанная система апробирована на примере источников информации для промышленного предприятия.

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