Loss and grief are central to the oeuvre of Lettie Viljoen/Ingrid Winterbach. Die boek van toeval en toeverlaat (2006), Winterbach’s latest novel, may be seen as a synthesis of the various experiences of loss that are mentioned in her previous prose texts: material loss; the temporary and permanent parting of loved ones; the death of significant others; more vaguely defined forms of loss, such as melancholy, yearning, psychological uneasiness and malaise; as well as a growing realisation of transience and mortality. In this study the various embodiments of loss and grief in the oeuvre of Lettie Viljoen/Ingrid Winterbach are investigated, in order to comment on the role of loss in Afrikaans literature, as well as on loss as a general human experience. Attention is not only given to the role of experiences of loss and reactions to grief in the narrative, but also to the way in which loss is portrayed in the structure, language use and style of the various prose texts. One of the main goals of the study is to question the concepts loss, grief and the processing of grief in the context of the Viljoen/Winterbach oeuvre. Despite its popularity in current “loss literature”, this study does not assess loss and grief from a psychotherapeutic perspective. An important reason for this is that psychotherapeutic loss assessments have a limited relevancy value in literature; they often reduce the data of a novel to psychological casework and, consequently, do not do justice to the complexity of the phenomena they are trying to explain. The psychoanalytical views of Freud, Lacan, Abraham and Torok regarding loss and grief, as well as the poststructuralist beliefs of Derrida regarding loss and grieving are rather used as points of departure, seeing that these authors mostly developed their thoughts on the basis of literary narratives. The complexity of the concepts loss and grief is acknowledged and explained by their views, while language plays a decisive role in their views on grief. The concept processing of grief is specifically discussed and it is indicated that a traditional, psychotherapeutic view of processing as “healing” is increasingly questioned in the Viljoen/Winterbach oeuvre. Further, the over-optimistic view of researchers, such as Abraham and Torok, that the conversion of loss into language is already an indication that the loss experience is accommodated by the psyche and processed to a significant extent is refuted on the basis of Lacanian psychoanalysis. At first glance, it seems as though most of the characters in the Viljoen/Winterbach oeuvre hold an opinion on grief similar to Freud’s initial belief regarding loss. Consequently, “normal” grief is seen as an active process, during which the libido is gradually detached from the lost love object and, in time, invested in another love object, with the view that there would eventually be a conclusive and spontaneous end to the grief (and thus also to the loss). If processing of loss means a complete severance of the libido from the lost love object and a spontaneous end to grief, the oeuvre of Lettie Viljoen/Ingrid Winterbach clearly illustrates unresolved grief across novel-borders. Few characters successfully find comfort in replacements or substitutes for their lost love objects. The grief of these characters rather displays characteristics similar to Freud’s later (revised) view on “melancholic” grief – a view according to which grief does not end conclusively and spontaneously, but rather constitutes a prolonged, even endless, process. According to Derrida such an “unresolved” and prolonged grief is, however, the more appropriate and ethical form of grief or mourning after a loss. Despite their desire to overcome their loss and grief and to let the lost other go, most characters in the Viljoen/Winterbach oeuvre realise that they also have a certain ethic responsibility towards the lost other. They eventually affirm the Derridian idea that the possibility of the impossible is the basis of the rhetoric of grief as a whole and that success implies failure and failure implies success. Should you, in one way or another, accomplish a successful internalisation of the other (but it is impossible), you fail, in fact, because the other is then no longer the other. And, vice versa, should you fail (and you are doomed to fail), you succeed, in fact, because that way you retain respect for the other as other. Viewed in this light, all the novellas and novels of Lettie Viljoen/Ingrid Winterbach essentially deal with the question of how mourning could and should take place through words. / Prof. W.D. Burger

No description available.

This recital���s program consists of Romantic works, which are part of the standard repertoire for violin. The Carmen Fantasy composed by Pablo de Sarasate is one of the most popular showpieces for the violin. The Violin Sonata by Ottorino Respighi is not as well known as other violin sonatas, but is gradually gaining more exposure. The Saint-Saens Sonata No. 1 is a very energetic and virtuosic work that showcases Saint-Saens brilliant compositional talents. These three pieces came together in this recital to produce and challenging and exciting program, which was both entertaining to the audience, and an excellent learning experience for the performers. / Mary Pappert School of Music; / Music Performance / MM; / Recital;

Ingrid Winterbach's novels especially the latest novels since Die boek van toeval en toeverlaat are characterised by an unconventional sense of humour. Although the comic aspects of her work are frequently referred to, no systematic research of the specific comic aspects of her work has been undertaken to date, despite humour being a striking part of her work. Almost everyone who conducts research on the comical reflects on the issue that any scientific study of humour usually negates the humour of the subject matter. The many divergent attempts to create a theory of humour in literature were split into three useful groups by Perks (2012). Some theories address incongruency, others degradation, and the third group of theories discusses the relief associated with the comical. This interpretation of the theories of humour is used in this study to discuss the humour in three of Winterbach's novels. Although it is possible to discuss many of the situations that arise in the novels in terms of incongruency, degradation, or relief (often by using all three theories), it is readily apparent that Winterbach's unique sense of humour is not sufficiently captured by using just these theories. To investigate the effect of humour in Winterbach's novels, the interpretation of humour, as suggested by Milan Kundera in Testaments betrayed (1993), is used, wherein the Czech writer describes humour as a specific species of the comic that renders ambiguous everything it touches. This ambiguity that is created by the comical plays a central part in Winterbach's work. / Ingrid Winterbach se romans veral die laaste romans sedert Die boek van toeval en toeverlaat word deur 'n aweregse humorsin gekenmerk. Hoewel daar dikwels na komiese aspekte van haar werk verwys word, is geen stelselmatige ondersoek van spesifiek die komiese aspekte van haar werk tot dusver onderneem nie, terwyl dit 'n besonder opvallende kenmerk van Winterbach se werk is. Byna almal wat oor die komiese navorsing doen, wys op die probleem wat daarmee ontstaan aangesien 'n wetenskaplike studie juis dikwels die komiese ondermyn. Die talle uiteenlopende pogings om die komiese in letterkunde te teoretiseer, word deur Perks (2012) op 'n nuttige wyse in drie groepe gedeel. Sommige teorieë fokus op onversoenbaarheid, ander op degradasie, en 'n derde groep teorieë is gemoeid met die ontlading wat die komiese sou bied. Hierdie verdeling van teorieë rakende die komiese word in hierdie studie benut om die komiese in drie Winterbach-romans te beskryf. Hoewel dit moontlik is om talle komiese situasies in die drie romans deur middel van onversoenbaarheidsteorieë, degradasieteorieë, en ontladingsteorieë te beskryf (dikwels kan dieselfde situasie trouens deur al drie teorieë beskryf word), blyk dit gou dat Winterbach se kenmerkende humor nie genoegsaam daardeur beskryf kan word nie. Om die effek van humor in Winterbach se romans te ondersoek, word aangesluit by Milan Kundera se beskouing van humor in Testaments betrayed (1993), waarin die Tsjeggiese skrywer humor beskryf as 'n spesifieke "spesie" van die komiese wat meerduidigheid veroorsaak. Hierdie meerduidigheid wat deur die komiese bewerkstellig word, speel 'n sentrale rol in Winterbach se werk. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Afrikaans / MA / Unrestricted

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of English Language and Literature, August 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Texas, Dec., 2007. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

From Inleiding: In dié inleiding word die implikasies van die woord "teks", asook die resepsie van die Ingrid Jonker-teks in die lig van haar dood, en 'n eie benaderingswyse, in teenstelling met die tradisionele kritiese metodes, bespreek. 1.1 Die teks: Die Ingrid Jonker-teks behels (met die dood, die rninnaar en die OedipaIe struktuur as uitgangspunt) aIIes waarop die woorde "Ingrid Jonker", as teks - die parentese tussen die datums op haar grafsteen - dui. Dit beteken dat genre-onderskeidinge en die onderskeid biografie en literatuur opgehef word. Verdere implikasies van die woord "teks" gaan vervolgens ter inleiding ondersoek word. Daar sal ruim gebruik gemaak word van die literêr-teoretiese en filosofiese veronderstellinge van Julia Kristeva, Maurice Blanchot, Jacques Derrida, Jacques Lacan, Pierre Macherey en Roland Barthes.

Le collisionneur linéaire international (ILC) est prévu pour être le prochain grand projet de la physique des hautes énergies. ILC est proposé avec deux détecteurs, International Large Detector (ILD), et Silicon Detector (SID). Cette thèse s’est déroulée dans le cadre de l'ILD. L'un des principaux composants du détecteur ILD est la chambre à projection temporelle (TPC). Cette thèse se concentre sur le développement de la lecture de la TPC, basée sur l'intégration des détecteurs de gaz Micro-pattern (Micromegas) et de puces CMOS pixels ("Timepix"). Ce nouveau type de dispositif est appelé "Ingrid". Les exigences principales pour "Ingrid" sont d’atteindre la sensibilité aux électrons uniques et d’obtenir une très haute résolution spatiale (~ 30 µm). Avec une TPC, on reconstruit les traces en utilisant le profil 2D des charges sur la plaque a l’extrémité de la TPC et la troisième coordonnée est dérivée du temps de dérive. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, une mini-TPC a été construite a Saclay dans le but de tester plusieurs prototypes de détecteurs "Ingrid". En outre, un système compose de 8 puces nommé "Octopuce" a été construit pour développer des algorithmes de reconstruction de traces. Nous avons effectué plusieurs mesures à l'aide de source radioactive à Saclay. Par ailleurs, de grands modules ont été testés avec un prototype de grande TPC (LP) sur un faisceau de test à DESY. Les résultats obtenus avec deux modules différents ont été présentés et les résultats sont en bon accord avec la prédiction théorique. La présence de la matière noire fournit une bonne indication d'apparition de nouveaux phénomènes a proximité de l'échelle électrofaible, et l'hypothèse populaire d’existence des WIMP doit être testé. Comme les couplages des WIMP aux différentes espèces de particules du modèle standard sont a priori inconnus, la recherche de la production de WIMP en collisions e+e- est complémentaire à la production dans les collisions pp ou a la détection directe de WIMPs primordiaux par leur diffusion sur des nucléons. Dans ce travail, nous étudions possibilité de découverte (ou l'exclusion) de production de paires de WIMPs avec l’ILC. Dans ce processus, un unique photon est rayonne dans l'état initial et une énergie manquante est requise. Nous montrons que l’ILC peut découvrir cette signature, même si l'annihilation en paires électron-positon contribue faiblement au taux d’annihilation de la matière noire dans l'univers primordial. Nous avons traduit la sensibilité en terme d’échelles de masse pour différents types d’opérateurs effectifs et montré que la masse et les couplages des WIMPs peuvent être mesurés avec une précision de l’ordre de 1% si leur détection est avérée. En outre, des études de production de WIMPs avec l’ILC sont complémentaires aux études avec des états finaux mono-X au LHC, car ils testent le couplage WIMP-lepton. Au LHC, le couplage WIMP-proton est testé a une l'échelle de 1 TeV. Avec l’ILC, en utilisant une luminosité intégrée de 500 fb⁻¹, une énergie dans le centre de masse de √s = 500 GeV et avec des faisceau non polarisés, une limite pour l’échelle sur l'interaction de contact Λ de l’ordre de 2 TeV est accessible. De plus, les configurations de polarisation appropriées permettent d'améliorer la sensibilité pour les recherches de matière noire à l’ILC, en supposant que le couplage des paires de WIMP aux électrons et aux positons dépend du choix de l'opérateur. / The International Linear Collider (ILC) is planned to be the next major project in the High Energy Physics. ILC is proposed to have two detectors, namely International Large Detector (ILD), and Silicon Detector (SiD). This thesis is done in the framework of the ILD. One of the main components of the ILD detector is the Time Projection Chamber (TPC). This PhD thesis concentrates on the development of TPC readout, based on integration of the Micro-pattern gas detectors (Micromegas) and CMOS pixel chips ("Timepix"). This new type of device is named "InGrid". Main requirements for "InGrid" is to achieve sensitivity to single electrons and a very high spatial resolution (~30 μm). In TPC one reconstructs tracks using 2D-charge profile on the TPC endplate and the third coordinate is derived from the drift time information. In Saclay mini-TPC was built. Using this mini-TPC, several prototype "Ingrid" detectors have been tested in the course of this PhD. In addition, 8-chips system named “Octopuce” was built to develop track reconstruction algorithms. We have performed several measurements using laboratory radioactive source in Saclay. In addition, the large modules were tested at a Large TPC Prototype (LP) in a test beam area at DESY. Results with two different modules were presented. Obtained results well agreed with theoretical prediction. The existence of Dark Matter provides a strong indication for the appearance of new phenomena near the electroweak scale, and the popular WIMP hypothesis is out there to be tested. Since the couplings of WIMPs to different species of Standard Model particles are a priori unknown, the investigation of WIMP production in e+e- collisions is fundamentally complementary to production in pp collisions or direct detection of primordial WIMPs scattering on nucleons. In this work we investigate the discovery (or exclusion) reach of the ILC based on the production of a pair of WIMPs, which recoils against an energetic photon from initial state radiation. We show that the ILC can discover this signature even if annihilation to electrons provides only a small fraction of the total dark matter annihilation rate in the early universe. We translated the sensitivity into mass scales of various effective operators and showed that the WIMPs mass and couplings can be measured at the percent level in case of an observation. Furthermore, WIMPs studies on ILC are complementary to current LHC in the mono-X final states, because they test WIMP-lepton coupling. LHC studies WIMP-proton coupling at the scale of 1 TeV. ILC could reach limits up to 2 TeV on the contact interaction scale Λ for the vector operator by using an integrated luminosity at 500 fb⁻¹, at the center-of-mass √s = 500 GeV with unpolarized beams. Moreover, proper polarization configurations allows to improve sensitivity for the Dark Matter searches at the ILC, assuming WIMPs pair couple differently to electron and positron for different operators.

Dans le cadre de cette thèse, la conception, la construction et la mise en service de la plateforme de test LEETECH ont été réalisées. La performance de LEETECH, y compris le mode de fonctionnement à faible multiplicité a été démontrée. En fournissant des paquets d’électrons avec une énergie ajustable jusqu’à 3.5 MeV, une multiplicité ajustable à partir d’électrons simples et une durée des paquets jusqu’à 20ps, LEETECH prend sa place entre les faisceaux tests de hautes énergies et de coûts élevés d’un part et l’utilisation de sources radioactifs d’autre part. Dans la région, qui correspond à la particule d’ionisation minimale, la plateforme offre aux détecteurs de traces les conditions similaires aux celles de faisceaux des hautes énergies. Le mode de fonctionnement à faible multiplicité a été étudié en utilisant un détecteur diamant de grande surface. En plus une capacité d’un capteur diamant de résoudre des paquets à faible nombre des particules a été démontrée. Dans le cadre du développement de la chambre à projection temporelle (TPC) pour le projet ILC, une session de test a été dédiée à un détecteur Micromegas/InGrid de large surface. Pour la première fois les pertes d’énergie par un électron dans un mélange de gaz basée sur Helium ont été mesurées pour une énergie de quelques MeV. La résolution en dE/dx et un algorithme pour la reconstruction de traces ont été développés. Une caractérisation préliminaire du quartz barre lu par MCPPMT – un candidat pour le détecteur temps-de- vol (TOF) avec la mission de l’identification des hadrons chargés dans le futur usine tau-charm HIEPA – a été accomplie. La résolution temporelle de 50 ps obtenue pour le détecteur étudié met cette technologie prometteuse pour les études plus approfondies. / Within the present thesis the design, construction and commissioning of a new test beam facility LEETECH have been performed. Performance of the new facility, including low-multiplicity operation mode has been demonstrated. A number of interesting detector tests, including large-area diamond, Micromegas/InGrid and quartz bar detectors have been performed. Development of new detector technologies for future high-energy physics collider experiments calls for selection of versatile test beam facilities, permitting to choose or adjust beam parameters such as particles type, energy and beam intensity, are irreplaceable in characterization and tests of developed instruments. Major applications comprise generic detector R&D, conceptual design and choice of detector technologies, technical design, prototypes and full-scale detector construction and tests, detector calibration and commissioning. A new test beam facility LEETECH (Low Energy Electron TECHnique) was designed, constructed and commissioned in LAL (Orsay) as an extension of existing PHIL accelerator. Providing electron bunches of adjustable energy (up to 3.5 MeV), intensity (starting from a few particles per bunch) and bunch time duration (down to 20 ps), LEETECH fills the gap between high-cost high-energy test beam facilities and use of radioactive sources. Covering a minimum-ionization particles region (electrons of energy above 1.6 MeV), LEETECH provides for tracking detectors similar conditions as high-energy facilities. Using LEETECH as an electron source, several types of detectors were investigated in order to study their performance or applications, also providing a characterization of the LEETECH performance. First studies of the LEETECH facility were performed with a plastic scintillator coupled to the Micro-channel plate photomultiplier. A low-multiplicity mode was investigated using the diamond sensor, at the same time demonstrating its ability to resolve bunches consisting of a few particles. In framework of Time Projection Chamber development for the ILC project, a session dedicated to a large-area Micromegas/InGrid module was performed. For the first time the electron energy losses in Helium-based gas mixtures were measured for the energies of few MeV. The dE/dx resolution was obtained and track reconstruction algorithm was developed. Being a candidate for the time-of- flight detector of the BESIII upgrade and future HIEPA tau-charm factories, a preliminary characterization of the quartz bar performed. The time resolution of the detector module of 50 ps was obtained, giving a promising results for the further detector studies.

Thesis (MA (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a study of Ingrid Winterbach‟s novel, Die boek van toeval en toeverlaat. The premise of the thesis is that a study of the theme of contingency or chance can lead to a heightened insight into the novel. The novel is approached from different perspectives, but in each perspective the way in which the theme of chance is developed in the novel, is illuminated. By way of introduction the history of the term “contingency” in the Afrikaans language and Western philosophy is broadly traced. This is the background to a reading of the novel as a reaction to contingency. This is followed by a reading of the novel from the perspective of the sociology of religion. The focus is on the nominizing function of religion; the role of language in this process and the way in which Helena Verbloem‟s shells become symbol of man‟s search for meaning and order. In the third chapter the novel is read from the perspective of popular science with the focus on the part of chance in the history of evolutionary thought and the way the novel interprets this. A reading of the novel from the perspective of the philosophy of language follows: the arbitrary and contingent nature of language is discussed and the way the novel underlines this, is brougth to the attention. In the last chapter the novel is read from the perspective of literary theory, focusing on the traditional narrative structure and the way in which it is undermined, undermining also in the process a teleological reading of the novel. Following the reading of the novel from these different perspectives, the conclusion is made that Ingrid Winterbach acknowledges contingency and makes it her own to such an extent that she meets Nietzsche‟s criteria for a “brave poet”. She is indeed a brave and poetic novelist. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is ‟n studie van Ingrid Winterbach se roman, Die boek van toeval en toeverlaat. In die studie word die tema van kontingensie of toeval sentraal gestel. Die roman word dan ook vanuit verskillende perspektiewe benader; binne elkeen word die wyse waarop die toeval as tema in die roman uitgewerk word, duideliker. Daar word eerstens ‟n gebruiksgeskiedenis van die term “kontingensie” in die Afrikaanse taal en die Westerse filosofie gegee. Hiermee word die agtergrond geskets waarteen die roman as reaksie op die kontingensie gelees moet word. Daarna word die roman vanuit ‟n godsdiens-sosiologiese perspektief benader: die rol wat die tradisionele toeverlaat steeds in die hoofkarakter, Helena Verbloem, se lewe speel, word in oënskou geneem. Die fokus val op die nomiserende werking van godsdiens; die rol van taal in hierdie proses en die wyse waarop Helena se skulpe simbool word van die mens se soeke na betekenis en orde. In die derde hoofstuk word die roman vanuit ‟n populêr-wetenskaplike hoek gelees: die aandag word gerig op die rol van toeval in die geskiedenis van evolusionêre denke en die wyse waarop die roman hiermee in gesprek tree. ‟n Taalfilosofiese perspektief kom vervolgens aan die beurt: die arbitrêre en toevallige aard van taal word bespreek en die wyse waarop hierdie idees in die roman teruggevind word, word uitgelig. In die laaste hoofstuk word die roman vanuit ‟n literêr-teoretiese perspektief gelees met die fokus op die tradisionele narratiewe struktuur en hoe die wyse waarop daarvan afgewyk word, ‟n teleologiese lees ondermyn. Na aanleiding van die bespreking van die roman vanuit hierdie verskillende hoeke, word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat Ingrid Winterbach die kontingensie erken en haar eie maak en daarom aan Nietzsche se kriteria vir ‟n “brawe digter” voldoen. Sy is inderdaad ‟n brawe en digterlike romanskrywer.