Background: The adverse effects of mechanical ventilation (MV) are a major health concern associated with poor outcomes and economic burden. Some populations, such as those requiring more than one attempt at the gradual removal of MV (weaning), are at risk for longer duration of MV and associated complications. Traumatically injured patients have a higher prevalence of positive illicit drug toxicology then the general population. The traumatically injured, positive for illicit drugs who requires MV, may experience the sequelae of withdrawal syndrome and violate the thresholds that allow weaning, leading to longer durations MV. Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis of a convenience sample of 52 adult trauma patients from SJHMC admitted between January 1 to December 31, 2014 who presented positive for illicit drugs and required mechanical ventilation. This sample was analyzed to: 1) describe the characteristics of this specific sample, 2) determine the prevalence of a difficult-to-wean subsample, 3) describe the characteristics of this sample during weaning attempts, and 4) determine if the existing weaning protocol necessitates amending. Results: Samples ability to wean; 78.8% (n=41) simple weaning; 15.38% (n=8) difficult weaning; and 5.77% (n=3) prolonged. Zero cases of adverse effects of MV or withdrawal syndrome detected. There was no correlation between stimulant and/or depressant and ability to wean (p=0.662). There was no relationship between injury severity score (ISS) and weaning group (p=0.762). Characteristics identified included; male to female ratio 4:1 and majority with ISS score>24. Variables within weaning protocol were missing 25-84% of data. Conclusion: The ability to wean MV in this sample is similar to what is reported in the general population, suggesting that they are not at risk for difficult weaning or prolonged MV. This sample’s majority was comprised of more traumatically complex, young males than found in the general trauma population. Investigators were unable to analyze or amend the current protocol because of the large amounts of missing data indicating possible gaps in adherence and/or documentation. To our knowledge, this is the first project that describes ability to wean in the traumatically injured positive for illicit drug.

The frequency and seriousness of facial injuries during the First World War account for the presence of disfigured men in significant numbers in European interwar society. Physical reconstruction, psychological and social consequences had long-term consequences for experts and lay people alike. Despite the number of wounded men and the impact of disfigurement, the facially injured soldiers of the First World War have rarely been the focus of academic research. This thesis aims to bridge this gap through a careful investigation of the lives and representations of gueules cassées, as they came to be known in France. It examines the experience and perceptions of facial disfigurement from the moment of the injury and throughout the years following, thereby setting the parameters for a study of the real and the mediated presence of disfigured veterans in interwar society. The chronological frame of this study begins in 1914 and ends in 1939, since the perception and representations of facial disfigurement were of particular significance during the First World War and its aftermath. Using a comparative approach to explore the experience and representations of disfigurement, this study investigates the presence of facially injured combatants and veterans in 1920s and 1930s society. With an interdisciplinary perspective, literary and artistic depictions as well as historical documents are examined in order to complement contemporary descriptions with the voices of the men themselves. This study sheds new light on the history of wounded soldiers of the First World War through in-depth analysis of original documents from France, Germany and Great Britain. This thesis provides the first detailed comparative study of British, French and German disfigured men. It emphasises the at times paradoxical situation of veterans who sought to lead ordinary lives but also became symbols of the war. All five chapters highlight the visibility of facially injured men and explore different responses to their presence whilst also interrogating their role and image in wartime and interwar societies. As such it aims to make a contribution to the cultural history of the First World War and its aftermath.

The topic of my thesis is Assistance to victims of crime. I have chosen this topic for its importance in our era full of violence and crime. It is an issue interesting not only for lawyers but for many other different professions and public in general. My goal was to lay out as much information as possible and talk about some problematic spots regarding the rights of victims and their position not only in the criminal procedure. The first part of my thesis is focused on brief explanation of the history and development of the relatively young science - victimology and basic terms used in victimology. Significant part of the first chapter covers analysis of one simple word "victim". The following part of this paper tries to examine individual elements of the complex assistance provided to crime victims. The third chapter discusses possibilities of financial support to the victims from the government when it is impossible to obtain reparation from the offender. Many countries, including the Czech Republic, have enacted appropriate laws and have also become signatories of the European Convention on the Compensation of Victims of Violent Crimes. The following chapter is concerned with the role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the field of crime victim assistance and their cooperation with the...

The injured party and his/her protection in criminal proceedings The presented thesis deals with the protection of an injured party in criminal proceedings as a whole, in particular with regard to his/her position as a party in the criminal proceedings, and to his/her procedural rights in accordance with the Rules of Criminal Procedure. The aim of this thesis is complex analysis of the position of an injured party in the Czech legal order with focus on differentiation of the concept an injured party (as the party of criminal process) and the concept a victim of an offence, as a person whose rights were violated in certain manner. The thesis is composed of five main chapters, each of them dealing with different aspect of the injured party involvement in criminal procedure. The first chapter contains thorough analysis of the concept an injured party, as is defined in the provision of Section 43 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure. At the same time, there is incorporated the analysis of limitation or exclusion of participation of an injured in criminal proceedings. Thereafter, the conclusion of this chapter is dedicated to the mentioned differentiation of the concepts an injured and a victim, in particular in the light of the new law on victims of crime. In the second chapter the author addresses...

The main emphasis of this thesis is to determine premedical skills level of selected primary school pupils. It compares 8th and 9th graders knowledge gained during the curricular subjects for primary schools and post-project ones. The project itself is focused on human health and first aid in emergency situations and it combines all didactic techniques including practical training at local medical high school. The thesis consists of two main parts, where theoretical part briefly introduces the history of first aid within the Red Cross, gives an insight into first aid legislation and shows fundamental first aid techniques. The practical part contains of the questionnaire survey which has been used as a background for creating and testing the educational project. KEYWORDS: health, life rescue, literacy, injured person

Compensation for non-material damage in the event of injury and death in collateral proceedings Abstract The thesis deals with a very current topic of compensation for non-material damage in the event of injury and death in collateral proceedings. The thesis also contains chapters, that focus on an injured person and collateral proceedings, which are concepts directly connected to the main topic of the thesis. The thesis contains the definition of an injured person, rights and obligations of the injured person in the criminal proceedings and also the definition of collateral proceedings and its process. In particular, the thesis focuses on the compensation of non-material damage in the event of injury and death according to § 2958 and 2959 of the Civil code. The thesis also describes the current judicial decisions of criminal courts in the area of compensation for non-material damage in the event of injury and death in collateral proceedings. The thesis is composed of four parts. The first part of the thesis deals with the injured person. It contains the concept of an injured person and its legal definition. The rights and obligations of the injured party in criminal proceedings are also briefly described in this part. The second part of the thesis focuses on collateral proceedings. This part contains the...

Notre thèse étudie la relation de soin entre les aides-soignants ou les aides médico-psychologiques et la personne cérébro-lésée (PCL). Après atteinte cérébrale, les troubles invisibles se traduisent par l’altération de la communication et la manifestation de comportements « déviants » agressifs et sexuels, provoquant l'incertitude. Dans ce contexte, cette relation comprend des enjeux concernant sa bienveillance, le sens des comportements, l'adaptabilité des pratiques, le travail émotionnel, et l’identité professionnelle. Nous interrogeons les représentations sociales de ces soignants à propos de la PCL afin d’éclairer leur travail de soin.Dans une démarche de triangulation, nous avons effectué des entretiens de recherche individuels (n=37), une enquête par questionnaire (n=130) et des focus-groups (n=4).Nos analyses apportent des connaissances sur les contenus et l’organisation des représentations sociales de la PCL chez les soignants. Ils mobilisent un savoir partagé pour définir des stratégies de communication adaptées et mettre du sens aux comportements agressifs à partir de l’état de « conscience » de la personne. Cet état oriente les pratiques et le travail émotionnel des soignants. Il apparaît une représentation de la sexualité « cérébro-lésée », pensée à partir de la représentation de la sexualité humaine, et liée à des pratiques de « mise à l’écart » de la sexualité visant à les prémunir d’une pollution symbolique.Notre recherche montre que les troubles invisibles acquièrent une visibilité par la détermination d’une « conscience » relationnelle. Les comportements agressifs et sexuels ont un statut différent au regard de la dimension symbolique de la relation. / De la dimension symbolique de la relation. Our thesis studies the care relationship between certified nursing assistants or medical-psychological assistants and the brain-injured person. After brain damage, the invisible disorders result in the alteration of communication and the manifestation of aggressive and sexual "deviant" behaviors, causing uncertainty. In this context, this relationship includes issues concerning its benevolence, the sense of behaviors, adaptability of practices, emotional labour, and professional identity. We studie the social representations of these caregivers about the brain-injured person to inform their care work.In a triangulation approach, we conducted individual research interviews (n=37), a questionnaire survey (n=130) and focus groups (n=4).Our analyzes provide knowledge about the content and organization of social representations of the brain-injured person among caregivers. They mobilize shared knowledge to define appropriate communication strategies and put meaning to aggressive behavior from the state of "consciousness" of the person. This state orients theirs practices and emotional labour. It appears a representation of "brain-injured" sexuality, thought from the representation of human sexuality, and linked to practices of "push out" sexuality to protect them from symbolic pollution.Our research shows that invisible disorders gain visibility by a relational "consciousness". Aggressive and sexual behaviors have differents status in relation to the symbolic dimension of the relationship.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-04-27T17:35:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Thiago Blanc Celino.pdf: 6972677 bytes, checksum: 143eeb47588b45b8bb4ab7a3bf4e4d31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T17:35:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Thiago Blanc Celino.pdf: 6972677 bytes, checksum: 143eeb47588b45b8bb4ab7a3bf4e4d31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / CAPES / This work was performed in human cadavers and animal carcasses, with the aim to describe the injuries and assess the evolution of these artifacts during development of the decomposition process. The cadavers were examined at the scene and at the morgue. Two types of substrates were found: found accidentally and intentionally exposed to the activity of ants. Data collection for the bodies lasted a year, in Rio de Janeiro and Amazonas. Data collection for carcasses was held in July, followed by two years in an army barracks, in Rio de Janeiro. The specimens were collected with tweezers and transported to the laboratory immersed in 70% ethanol. We used three domestic pig - Sus scrofa, dead at the scene by shooting projectile firearm and exposed areas with nests inside a modified Shannon trap, a distance of 50 meters from each other. Four pitfalls were arranged around the traps. Photographs were made and only one or two specimens that caused artifacts were collected, relating them with injuries. The specimens were conducted for Myrmecology Laboratory of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro for identification. During the research , we analyzed eight cases of human cadavers, in which were collected : a) Myrmicinae subfamily , tribe Solenopsidini possibly genus Solenopsis spp b ) Camponotus sp.1 c ) Camponotus sp.2 d ) Camponotus rufipes ; e) Pheidole sp. 1 f ) Ectatomma sp.1 g ) Cephalotes atratus h) Crematogaster sp.1 i) small ants unidentified. However , only the first taxon was found associated with the corpses of the IML. Associated with animal carcasses were found : a) Solenopsis sp.1 b ) Pheidole sp.1 c ) Brachymyrmex sp.1 d ) Wasmannia sp.1 e) Ectatomma lugens . The latter being associated with animal carcass found accidentally. Among the collected species, Ectatomma sp.1 Brachymyrmex sp.1 and Wasmannia sp.1 causing artifacts were not observed. The lesions encountered can be described as serpentine punctuated by presenting color ranging from yellow to dark brown. They had removing skin surface such as scratches, in some cases, removal of the evolved to underlying tissues. In some cases, the detachment of the epidermis formed a clump of skin similar to those observed in cadavers in more advanced stage of decomposition. The jaws of the ants produce lesions in the superficial vessels causing bleeding postmortem. We also observed similar chemical injuries to injuries intra vitam produced by burning acid and / or smoking. Lesions caused by Solenopsis sp. was possible to trace the tracks of foraging evidenced by formic acid , as well as the accumulation of dirt, indicating the attempt of ants close these post-mortem lesions. It was found that ants can lead to skeletonization of small carcasses. The domestic pig carcasses showed artifacts similar to those found in bodies, at least until they reach the beginning of the initial stage of deterioration, when the activity of the flies hampered his observation. / Este trabalho foi realizado em cad?veres humanos e em carca?as animais, com o objetivo de descrever as les?es e avaliar a evolu??o desses artefatos durante o desenvolvimento do processo de decomposi??o. Os cad?veres humanos foram examinados na cena do crime e no necrot?rio. Dois tipos de carca?as foram avaliadas: encontradas acidentalmente e intencionalmente expostas ? atividade de formigas. A coleta de dados relativa aos corpos durou um ano, no Rio de Janeiro e no Amazonas e a relativa ?s carca?as foi realizada em julho, por dois anos seguidos, no Rio de Janeiro. Os esp?cimes foram coletados com pin?as e transportados ao laborat?rio fixados em etanol 70%. Foram utilizados tr?s porcos dom?sticos - Sus scrofa, mortos no local, atrav?s de disparo de proj?til de arma de fogo e expostos em ?reas com formigueiros dentro de uma armadilha tipo Shannon modificada, a dist?ncia de 50 metros uma das outras. Quatro armadilhas de solo foram dispostas entorno das armadilha Shannon. Fotografias foram confeccionadas e apenas um ou dois exemplares que causaram os artefatos foram coletados, relacionando-os com as les?es. Os exemplares foram conduzidos para o Laborat?rio de Mirmecologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro para identifica??o taxon?mica. Durante a pesquisa, foram analisados oito casos de cad?veres humanos, nos quais foram observados: a) Subfam?lia Myrmicinae, Tribo Solenopsidini, g?nero Solenopsis spp; b) Camponotus sp.1; c) Camponotus sp.2; d) Camponotus rufipes; e) Pheidole sp. 1; f) Ectatomma sp.1; g) Cephalotes atratus; h) Crematogaster sp.1; i) formigas pequenas n?o identificadas. Por?m, apenas o primeiro t?xon foi encontrado associado aos cad?veres do IML. Associados ?s carca?as animais foram encontrados: a) Solenopsis sp.1; b) Pheidole sp.1; c) Brachymyrmex sp.1; d) Wasmannia sp.1; e) Ectatomma lugens; sendo esta ?ltima associada ? carca?a animal encontrada acidentalmente. Dentre todas as esp?cies coletadas, Ectatomma sp.1, Brachymyrmex sp.1 e Wasmannia sp.1 n?o foram observadas causando artefatos. As les?es encontradas podem ser descritas como serpentiformes, pontuadas, apresentando colora??o que variava do amarelo at? o marrom escuro. Elas apresentavam remo??o de pele superficial como arranh?es que, em alguns casos, evolu?ram at? a remo??o dos tecidos subjacentes. Em alguns casos, o destacamento da epiderme formou um amontoado de pele similar ?queles observados em cad?veres em est?gio de decomposi??o mais avan?ados. As mand?bulas das formigas produziram les?es nos vasos superficiais causando sangramento p?s-morte. Tamb?m foram observadas les?es qu?micas similares a les?es intra vitam produzidas por queimadura de ?cido e/ou cigarro. Nas les?es provocadas por Solenopsis sp. foi poss?vel tra?ar as trilhas de forrageamento evidenciadas pelo ?cido f?rmico, bem como pelo ac?mulo de sujeira, indicando a tentativa das formigas fecharem estas les?es p?s-morte. Foi verificado que as formigas podem levar a esqueletiza??o de carca?as de pequeno porte. As carca?as de porco dom?stico apresentaram artefatos similares ?queles encontrados em corpos humanos, pelo menos at? alcan?arem o in?cio do est?gio de deteriora??o inicial, quando a atividade dos d?pteros dificultou sua observa??o.

Disability is a state which questions one’s social standing. Individuals with disability are often seen shunned and sheltered from the society. It is understood that one cannot expect the world to revolve around us, rather we make adjustments to make life smoother. This thesis looks at non-verbal communication strategies within one case study who suffers from Cerebral Palsy and multiple communication needs. The major share of the thesis looks at the multimodal communication where the communication and bodily gestures gain prominence.   Cerebral Palsy, in an overview, (CP) is a group of permanent neurological disorder that affects one’s body movement and muscle coordination, commonly seen in an infant stage or early childhood caused by the damage to the brain that hinders the brain’s ability to control movement and posture of the body. CP affects the outer layer of the brain that directs the muscle movements. Alongside a stationary characteristic, a lot of motor, sensory and intellectual impairments accompany the disorder. These characteristics mark the beginning of life for the CP injured and is seen affecting their physical, mental and social existence, limiting their abilities of motor and oral skills impairing the ability of speech. Physique alterations include changes in jaw structure, lips and tongue making it nearly impossible in articulating words (Geytenbeek, 2011). Communication is an integral part of any relation. Feelings and emotions are often conveyed through communicating it in two different ways- verbal (psycholinguistics) - that involves a lot of ideas, messages conveyed through words and speech for communication and non-verbal (psychobiological) - involves facial and bodily expressions. My prime target is the latter’s way of communication, how these non- verbal communication can be interpreted, how do the family members and personal assistants decipher the expressions and understand subtle nuances. The complexity of communication within this group is further intensified by the power structures and decision makers in the society. It also tries to look at different models of communication and the strategies to make communication effective among the disabled group. Communication is very mutable and through this dissertation I try to analyze techniques that gives visibility to varied experiences and turning them into representations of certain ideas. Also it tries to unravel the emerging problems within the communication arena, misinterpretations thus reaching a conclusive hypothesis that communication is constantly irregular and fluctuating according to distinctive time, person and space.

Nursing is a high risk profession for injury. A Canadian survey reports many nurses are in poor physical and emotional health; they sustain more musculoskeletal and violence related injuries than other occupational groups. In Ontario, an injury management approach called Early Return to Work (RTW) requires injured workers, including nurses, to go back to work before full recovery. The Workplace Safety and Insurance Board cite this approach as beneficial to both the employer and employee. This study uses an institutional ethnographic approach to examine critically the RTW process from the standpoint of injured registered nurses. Through interviews and mapping activities with nurses, other health professionals and managers, a rendering of the social organization of hospital injury management emerges. The findings suggest that the implementation of RTW is complicated and difficult for nurses, their families and hospital employers. Injured nurses engage in significant amounts of domestic, rehabilitation and accommodation work in order to participate in the RTW process. When the returning nurse is unable to engage in full duties hospital operations become disorganized. Collective agreements and human resources procedures limit the participation of injured nurses in creative and/or new roles that could utilize their knowledge and skills. As a result, nurses are assigned to duties, which hamper them from returning to their pre-injury positions and cause their employment with the hospital to be reconsidered. The unsuccessful return of injured nurses to employment is counter to provincial retention initiatives, which seek to sustain an adequate cadre of nurses ready and able to care for the increasing health care needs of an aging population. Sites of change which could support and promote the successful return of these injured workers to nursing work are identified in this study.