Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-112).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-121).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2004. / Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 244 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005. / Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 198 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientadores: Darcy de Oliveira Tosello, Eduardo Daruge Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T22:05:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbieri_AnaAmelia_M.pdf: 436679 bytes, checksum: 3eea705ce5260c47db7698ebbda7544e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: As lesões corporais são ofensas à integridade do corpo humano em suas infinitas partes e funções causando danos somáticos (de estrutura) e/ou fisiológicos (de função) como resultado do crescente índice de violência que assola a sociedade, violência esta que merece considerações sociais, físicas, econômicas e culturais. Em relação a essas ofensas há a necessidade, por parte dos profissionais da área da saúde que as avaliarão, de adquirir conhecimento dos critérios clínicos para caracterização e determinação dos danos causados às vítimas. Dentre as lesões corporais, as lesões faciais merecem destaque pelo fato do rosto representar o centro da atenção humana, e por vezes, as lesões faciais deixam marcas e seqüelas irreparáveis tanto físicas quanto psíquicas. O presente estudo retrospectivo analisou estatisticamente as lesões faciais e dentre estas as que apresentavam envolvimento dentário, com base nos laudos de exame de corpo de delito do IML Taubaté, SP, emitidos no período de janeiro de 2005 (dois mil e cinco) a dezembro de 2007 (dois mil e sete) num total de 12184 (doze mil cento e oitenta e quatro) laudos, com objetivo de destacar a ocorrência de tais lesões, o principal fator etiológico, gênero e faixa etária mais atingidos e o tipo de lesão dentre as lesões com acometimento dentário de maior ocorrência. Observou-se que, do total de laudos expedidos no período analisado, 23,81% apresentavam relatos de lesões faciais e destes 6,31% apresentaram relatos de envolvimento dentário.O fator etiológico de maior ocorrência foi a agressão interpessoal (54,64%), seguida por acidentes automobilísticos (40,98%). A lesão de maior ocorrência foi a fratura (3,93%) e o maior número de lesões ocorreram no maxilar superior. A faixa etária mais acometidas por lesões com envolvimento dentário foi entre 16 e 24 anos de idade (55 casos), seguida pela faixa entre 24 e 32 anos de idade. A sociedade, a justiça e a ciência serão amplamente beneficiadas com a contribuição que os profissionais da odontologia darão à celeridade judicial, à precisão pericial, à pesquisa científica e à plenitude da defesa do cidadão, em relação à extensão e gravidade das lesões que o acometeram, por meio do exercício funcional de odontolegista / Abstract: The body lesions are injuries to the human body integrity in its endless parts and functions causing somatic (structural) and/or physiological (functional) damages as a result of the increasing violence level which overruns the society. This violence must be socially, physically, economically and culturally considered. Related to these injuries there is the need, by the healthy professionals which will evaluate them, of having the knowledge of clinical criteria to characterize and determine the injuries caused to the victim. Among body lesions, the facial lesions deserve prominence because the face represents the center of human attention, and frequently, the facial lesions leave physical and psychological signals and after-effects that cannot be repaired. The present retroactive study statistically analyzed the facial lesions and, among these ones, those which presented dental involvement. This analysis was based on IML forensic exams awards from Taubaté - SP, issued between January 2005 and December 2007, with the objective of evidencing the occurrence of such lesions, the most important etiological factor, gender and age group most affected and the kind of lesions, among the ones involving teeth, with larger occurrence. It was observed that from the total issued awards, considering the analyzed period, 23,81% reported facial lesions, and from these ones 6,31% reported dental involvement. The most important etiological factor was interpersonal aggression (54,64%), followed by car accidents (40,98%). The fracture was the most important lesion (3,93%) and the biggest number of lesions occurred in the upper jaw. The age group most affected by lesion with dental involvement was the group between 16 and 24 (55 cases), followed by the group between 24 and 32. The society, justice and science will be largely favored with the contribution that dental professionals will give to the judicial celerity, expert accuracy, scientific research and to the absolute citizen defense regarding to the extension and serious nature of the lesions which took him by the forensic dentist professional exercise / Mestrado / Odontologia Legal e Deontologia / Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental

The effects of repeated mild concussive head injury on professional rugby players were examined. Data were collected for rugby players (n=26) and cricket player controls (n=21) using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery comprising five modalities (Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Verbal Fluency, Visuoperceptual Tracking and Hand Motor Dexterity) and a self-report Postconcussive Symptomology Questionnaire. Group statistical comparisons of the percentage of individuals with deficit were carried out for (i) rugby versus cricket; (ii) rugby forwards versus rugby backs; and (iii) rugby forwards versus cricket. Rugby players performed significantly poorer than controls on SA W AIS Digit Symbol Substitution subtest and on the Trail Making Test. On Digits Forward and Digit Symbol Incidental Recall, the results approached significance with the rugby players showing a tendency toward impairment on these tests. Rugby players exhibited impairment in areas of visuoperceptual tracking, speed of information processing and attention, and there are tendencies of impairment in verbal and/or visual memory. Results obtained on the self-report questionnaire strongly reinforced cognitive test results and a significant proportion of rugby players reported difficulties with sustained attention, memory and lowered frustration tolerance as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression. It was consistently noted that players in the more full contact positions (rugby forwards) were most susceptible to impairment, confirming that these players, who are exposed to repeated mild head injuries, are at greater risk of exhibiting postconcussive sequelae.

Background: Literature has associated repeated eccentric muscle actions with increased muscle damage of the muscles involved. Eccentric actions are typical in sports which are ‘stop-start’ in nature requiring rapid acceleration and deceleration, typical of a batting activity in cricket. Ultra-structural damage of the skeletal muscle as a consequence of repeated decelerating activities is associated with performance decrements, particularly muscle strength and sprinting speeds. This suggests that eccentric strength decrements may provide an indication for the development of muscle strain injuries during these activities. Despite these findings, limited research has identified the specific musculoskeletal demands placed on cricket batsmen, particularly with reference to various match intensities. Objective: The present study, therefore, sought to determine the specific musculoskeletal, physiological and perceptual demands placed on specialised batsmen during two work bouts of different intensities; one representing a highintensity work bout and the other a moderate-intensity work bout. The dependent variables of interest were muscle activation, isokinetic strength changes, heart rate, ‘central’ and ‘local’ ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), body discomfort and performance. Methods: The two experimental conditions, representative of a high- (HVR) and moderate-volume running (MVR) batting protocol, required players to perform a simulated batting work bout of either twelve or six runs an over, within a laboratory setting. Selected physiological, perceptual and performance measures were collected at specific time intervals throughout the work bout while the biophysical measures were collected prior to, and following both protocols. Results: Of the variables measured, heart rate, ‘central’ and ‘local’ RPE values were observed to increase significantly (p<0.05) over time. This increase was greater as a consequence of the HVR in comparison to the MVR. No change in sprint times was documented during the MVR, in contrast, significant (p<0.05) increases over time were observed during the HVR, further highlighting the elevated demands associated with this condition. In addition, an ‘end spurt’ was observed particularly following the HVR condition, suggesting athletes were conserving themselves through the adoption of a pacing strategy. Reductions in biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscle activation levels were observed following the HVR. This was further supported by the significantly greater levels of semitendinosus activation following the MVR when compared to the HVR. Peak concentric and eccentric knee extensor (EXT) (-17.17% and -16.07% respectively) and eccentric flexor (FLEX) (- 17.49%) values decreased significantly (p<0.05) following the HVR at 60°.s-1. In addition, concentric and eccentric total work produced by the flexors and eccentric extensors resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower values due to the HVR. Conclusion: The intermittent high-volume batting work bout elicited elevated mean heart rates, perceived ratings of cardiovascular and muscular effort and sprint times. Furthermore, hamstring activation levels and muscle strength, particularly concentric strength of the dominant lower limb were negatively affected by the HVR condition. These results suggest elevated demands were placed on the hamstring musculature as a consequence of the HVR condition, indicating a greater degree of musculoskeletal strain and increased injury risk associated with running between the wickets at this intensity, representative of an aggressive batting scenario.

The effects of repeated mild concussive head injury on professional rugby players were examined. Data were collected for rugby players (n=26) and cricket player controls (n=21) using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery comprising five modalities (Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Verbal Fluency, Visuoperccptual Tracking and Hand Motor Dexterity) and a self-report Postconcussive Symptomology Questionnaire. Group statistical comparisons of the percentage of individuals with deficit were carried out for (i) rugby versus cricket; (ii) rugby forwards versus rugby backs; and (iii) rugby forwards versus cricket. Rugby players performed significantly poorer than controls on SA W AIS Digit Symbol Substitution subtest and on the Trail Making Test. On Digits Forward and Digit Symbol Incidental Recall, the results approached significance with the rugby players showing a tendency toward impairment on these tests. Rugby players exhibited impairment in areas of visuoperceptual tracking, speed of information processing and attention, and there are tendencies of impairment in verbal and/or visual memory. Results obtained on the self-report questionnaire strongly reinforced cognitive test results and a significant proportion of rugby players reported difficulties with sustained attention, memory and lowered frustration tolerance as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression. It was consistently noted that players in the more full contact positions (rugby forwards) were most susceptible to impairment, confirming that these players, who are exposed to repeated mild head injuries, are at greater risk of exhibiting postconcussive sequelae / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in

Census estimates in 2010 indicated that 6,3 percent South Africans aged 5 years and older are currently classified as disabled in five of the nine provinces in the country. The national figure for 2005 was 5 percent, with the figure for females (6,5 percent) slightly higher than that for males (6,1percent). Spinal cord injured persons and their significant others experience a range of emotions which affect their relationships with themselves, others and their environment. To deal with the life-changing consequences of the injury and regain control, these persons not only require a variety of coping strategies but rediscovery of resilience is inevitable if the experience of personal purpose and meaningful existence is ever to be regained. In the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipal area, Port Elizabeth, South Africa – the geographical area in which this research study was undertaken - persons with spinal cord injuries have many challenges to face due to the shortcomings the existing resource for health care delivery in the post-discharge phase. The research objectives identified for the study were, firstly, to explore and describe the lived experiences of persons with spinal cord injuries; secondly, to explore and describe the lived experiences of the significant others of persons with spinal cord injuries; and thirdly, to develop a strategy to guide the professional nurse and the health care team in facilitating the health care of persons with spinal cord injuries. The study was a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual method of inquiry. The data obtained was used to formulate the strategy with its three sub-strategies to guide professional nurses and the health care team to facilitate renewed resilience and the re-establishment of meaning for persons with spinal cord injuries. Although the experiences of the significant others were explored in order to thicken the description of the experiences of persons with spinal cord injuries, the strategy developed was limited to the persons with spinal cord injuries. Although it is well documented that there are significant physical needs, the themes that emerged from the current research mostly related to psychological and social aspects. In acknowledging the human being as unitary multi-dimensional being, the researcher in his discussions and quest to address the issue of renewed resilience in spinal cord injured persons towards finding purpose and re-establishing meaning in their lives, focused on their psychological, spiritual and social health. The outcome of the study is a strategy constructed to facilitate renewed resilience, and three sub-strategies ‘addressing experienced emotions’, ‘facilitating meaningful relationships’ and ‘facilitating effective coping’. The strategy has as purpose the empowering of spinal injured persons in their efforts to re-establish meaning by serving as a tool to guide professional nurses and members of the health care team in their facilitating of renewed resilience in persons with spinal cord injury. It is envisaged that the co-ordination of the strategy will take place from the health care delivery facility nearest to the spinal cord injured individual concerned. In order for persons with spinal cord injuries to become accountable members of society, all levels and aspects of care aimed at physical, psychological, spiritual and social well-being need to be holistically addressed. The front-line role of the professional nurse is vital as the professional nurse acts as the co-ordinator for the health care team in ensuring that persons with spinal cord injuries receive quality and holistic care in order to deal meaningfully with the life-altering consequences of a spinal cord injury. Through this study, valuable insight was gained with regard to experiences of both persons with spinal cord injuries and that of their significant others. Recommendations were made for nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of varying periods of immobilization on ligamentous healing and strength in a rat experimental model. Sixty-one mature male Wistar rats were used. The left knee medial collateral ligament was surgically exposed, divided, and repaired. The rats were randomly placed into one of four groups: Group A, no immobilization, Group B, 2 weeks' immobilization, Group C, 6 weeks' immobilization, and Group D, 10 weeks' immobilization of the operated limb. The right knee served as a control. The ligaments were studied histologically and biomechanically at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 10 weeks and 20 weeks post-operatively. Histologic samples were objectively evaluated with the light microscope using a Maturity Index Score and Scale that were devised based on the numbers and orientation of the fibroblasts and the amount and orientation of the collagen fibres. Ligament-bone preparations were studied using an Instron material testing machine to determine the biomechanical properties of the ligament until failure. Utilizing the Maturity Index Score and Scale, it was shown that Group A, with no immobilization, matured more rapidly than the other groups, and achieved full maturity at 20 weeks post-operatively. The other groups all showed a retarded rate of healing while immobilized. The electron microscopic study supported this data by demonstrating the level of metabolic activity of the fibroblasts which decreased with increasing maturity and by demonstrating that the size, amount and orientation of the collagen fibers increased with mobilization. The biomechanical testing showed that at 2 weeks post-operative, Group A had achieved a strength which was 46% of controls while Group B was only 29% of controls (p = 0.055). At 6 weeks Group A was 65% of controls, Group B was 56% of controls and Group C was 39% of controls (p = 0.0004). At 20 weeks Group A was 83% of controls, Group B was 71% of controls, Group C was 66% of controls and Group D was 48% of controls (p = 0.0005). Group A was 71% stronger than Group D at this time, indicating that the healing medial collateral ligament attained a greater strength and histologically matured more rapidly if mobilization is begun immediately. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate