Thesis (Psy. D.)--Wheaton College, 2007. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-110).

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-39).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-136).

This thesis arose from a desire to better understand the structures of automorphism groups and inner automorphism groups of quandles. We compute and give the structure of the automorphism groups of all dihedral quandles. In their paper Matrices and Finite Quandles, Ho and Nelson found all quandles (up to isomorphism) of orders 3, 4, and 5 and determined their automorphism groups. Here we find the automorphism groups of all quandles of orders 6 and 7. There are, up to isomoprhism, 73 quandles of order 6 and 289 quandles of order 7.

Berlin is one of the most dense cities for tenantable living, from nineteen century to the reunification decade in the late twentieth, the housing living cost always maintain an affordable level for multiple classes requirements. However, after step into twenty-one century, the urban gentrification sweeps out many affordable rental housing financed by city government, instead of higher cost for housing living in downtown Berlin. What I look for in this master design project is trying to broad a new view in how to develop the modern, affordable housing for diverse groups living in the inner city. / text

Through a case study analysis of the Central Park placemaking initiative in Winnipeg, this Major Degree Project explores the process of collaborative planning with new immigrant communities. While existing research examines the potential of placemaking to promote physical improvements through collaborative planning, we know less about whether placemaking initiatives achieve the long-term social outcomes associated with collaborative planning theory. Located in downtown Winnipeg, Central Park is surrounded by a diverse multi-cultural community, consisting of many new immigrants. In 2008, the CentreVenture Development Corporation launched a placemaking initiative to revitalize Central Park. The community was a key collaborator in the planning and design process. This thesis examines the long-term social outcomes of this initiative. The main research methods for this project include key informant interviews, and archival and secondary source analysis of existing data. The research finds that collaborative planning processes offer the potential to promote sustainable inner city neighbourhood revitalization. Placemaking through collaborative planning can develop new institutional capacity for participants. By developing and harnessing relational, intellectual and political resources communities can mobilize co-ordinated action toward future initiatives. The findings of this research advance the literature and understanding of collaborative planning processes, particularly within the context of placemaking with new immigrant communities. This thesis adds to the literature of inner city neighbourhood revitalization and collaborative planning theory. / October 2015

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The Earth's magnetic field is generated in its fluid outer core through dynamo action. In this process, convection and differential rotation of an electrically conducting fluid maintain the magnetic field against its ohmic decay. Using numerical models, we can investigate planetary dynamo processes and the importance of various core properties on the dynamo. In this thesis, I use numerical dynamo models in Earth-like geometry in order to understand the influence of inner core electrical conductivity and the choice of thermal and velocity boundary conditions on the resulting magnetic field. I demonstrate how an electrically conducting inner core can reduce the frequency of reversals and produce axial-dipolar dominated fields in our models. I also demonstrate that a strong planetary magnetic field intensity does not imply that the dynamo operates in the strong field regime as is usually presumed. Through a scaling law analysis, I find that irrespective of the choice of thermal or velocity boundary conditions, the available power determines the magnetic and velocity field characteristics like the field strength, polarity and morphology. Also, whether a dynamo model is in a dipolar, transitional or multipolar regime is dependent on the force balance in the model. I demonstrate that the Lorentz force is balanced by the Coriolis force in the dipolar dynamo regime models resulting in magnetostrophically balanced dynamos whereas the Lorentz force is balanced by the Inertial force (and not the Coriolis force) in the multipolar dynamo regime models resulting in a non-magnetostrophically balanced dynamo. The generation mechanism differs between the regimes and depends on the velocity boundary conditions. The zonal flows of the stress-free models are stronger than in the no-slip models, and bistability is more prominent when stress-free boundary conditions are used. A single scaling law may be feasible for all the models, but there does appear to be some variation for models with different thermal and velocity boundary conditions. The results presented in this thesis are not only applicable to the geodynamo, but will also aid in understanding the dynamos of other planets and exoplanets.

The Earth's magnetic field is generated in its fluid outer core through dynamo action. In this process, convection and differential rotation of an electrically conducting fluid maintain the magnetic field against its ohmic decay. Using numerical models, we can investigate planetary dynamo processes and the importance of various core properties on the dynamo. In this thesis, I use numerical dynamo models in Earth-like geometry in order to understand the influence of inner core electrical conductivity and the choice of thermal and velocity boundary conditions on the resulting magnetic field. I demonstrate how an electrically conducting inner core can reduce the frequency of reversals and produce axial-dipolar dominated fields in our models. I also demonstrate that a strong planetary magnetic field intensity does not imply that the dynamo operates in the strong field regime as is usually presumed. Through a scaling law analysis, I find that irrespective of the choice of thermal or velocity boundary conditions, the available power determines the magnetic and velocity field characteristics like the field strength, polarity and morphology. Also, whether a dynamo model is in a dipolar, transitional or multipolar regime is dependent on the force balance in the model. I demonstrate that the Lorentz force is balanced by the Coriolis force in the dipolar dynamo regime models resulting in magnetostrophically balanced dynamos whereas the Lorentz force is balanced by the Inertial force (and not the Coriolis force) in the multipolar dynamo regime models resulting in a non-magnetostrophically balanced dynamo. The generation mechanism differs between the regimes and depends on the velocity boundary conditions. The zonal flows of the stress-free models are stronger than in the no-slip models, and bistability is more prominent when stress-free boundary conditions are used. A single scaling law may be feasible for all the models, but there does appear to be some variation for models with different thermal and velocity boundary conditions. The results presented in this thesis are not only applicable to the geodynamo, but will also aid in understanding the dynamos of other planets and exoplanets.

This thesis presents the story of what members of a low-income and marginalized community see as appropriate community development for them, an understanding of which involves appreciation of the words AND music of community development. In presenting this story, the thesis explores the role of community development in addressing social exclusion in inner-city areas and identifies how the knowledge and experiences of lowincome communities can inform theory and practice. Based on qualitative research undertaken in Downtown Eastside Strathcona, an innercity neighbourhood in Vancouver, British Columbia, this thesis also endeavors to exemplify research that is situated in the practice of the researcher, in my own community practice. To achieve this, I, a practitioner-researcher, worked with a community group with which I was already involved to develop a guide to community development from their perspective. The guide, entitled Getting the Words AND the Music, and the conversations that informed the preparation of it, were analyzed to determine the contributions that are made to community development theory and practice. In this research, I identified four key principles to which these residents of Downtown Eastside Strathcona make a unique and valuable contribution: community development needs to be inclusive of all community members, particularly the marginalized; resident involvement in decision-making should be promoted; social justice through the equitable distribution of goods and services should be pursued; and the contribution of residents and agencies working together to strengthen their community should be celebrated. While these principles are clearly evident in community development theory, the analysis suggests that fulfillment of these principles requires a commitment to resident-centred approaches, to learning to listen to residents, to promoting the voice of the voiceless, to ensuring access to services to meet basic needs, and to redefining community to be inclusive of all. I conclude this thesis by showing that, in the experience of this researcher, a commitment of this nature may require personal change and a comfort level with messy, unpredictable practice. This change, while at times uncomfortable, may also be a gift - an ability to discern the music of community development as understood by low-income communities.