Morgan Ndlovu, Student no 0000141H, MA thesis, School of Arts, Faculty of Humanities, 2006. email: mn59@sussex.ac.uk / The emergence and development of tourism attractions in inner cities throughout the world has given rise to a number of scholarly debates in the academic study of urban tourism. While academic scholarship in the field of urban tourism began with the cities of the developed states mostly in the 1980s, the emergence and development of tourism initiatives in the inner cities of the developing states in 1990s has drawn a great deal of attention to the South as well. This research explores the emergence and development of an inner city tourism initiative in the form of a craft project known as Beautiful Things. Beautiful Things is a two-year-old craft project located at Newtown’s Cultural Precinct, in the inner city of Johannesburg. The project was inaugurated at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in August 2002, and has since its relocation to the inner city of Johannesburg in December 2002, contributed significantly to the physical, social and economic regeneration of this area. The study of this project is very important in that it is shedding some light on the role of heritage and cultural industries in rejuvenating declining inner cities. It gives light on how Newtown Cultural Precinct as a whole functions within the inner city of Johannesburg. In spite of this project’s role in the development of the Johannesburg inner city, Beautiful Things has not yet been explored for academic research. This research on Beautiful Things is set to be informative on a number of theoretical issues underpinning the development of urban heritage and cultural tourism in general and the development of tourism in Johannesburg. The findings of the study of Beautiful Things hopes to reveal important international trends on the development of heritage and cultural attractions in inner cities and to elucidate a number of similarities in the development of tourism policies across the cities of the world. This research begins with a chapter on the international experiences of heritage and cultural tourism developments in inner cities and is then followed by a study of Johannesburg’s tourism policy and strategy developments. Both chapters are vital in providing the context under which Beautiful Things came to emerge in the inner city of Johannesburg, performing an important role of regenerating the declining inner city. The last part of this research is an empirical confirmation study of physical, social and economic contributions of Beautiful Things in the inner city of Johannesburg. The research is informed by theories of neo-liberalization, local economic development, and inner city regeneration.

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Nombreux sont les ouvrages – et ce dans tous les domaines du savoir – qui traitent de l’Allemagne nationale-socialiste. Depuis 1947, et le livre d’Adolf Behne (Entartete Kunst), le sort des artistes dans le Troisième Reich suscite l’intérêt, si ce n’est la compassion, des historiens de l’art. Néanmoins, seuls les persécutés, ceux que le régime nazi avait taxé de "dégénérés", retiennent l’attention, célébrés comme autant de héros. Ce sont eux qui vont être appelés par les Alliés pour "décontaminer" un peuple tout entier corrompu par douze ans de dictature, et racheter la faute. C’est précisément l’histoire de cette image de l’artiste, tantôt qualifié de« dégénéré », tantôt d’ «émigré intérieur», que nous retraçons, de la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale à nos jours. Si les publications et expositions consacrées à l’art moderne à l’époque nazie sont nombreuses, jamais, en effet, le travail de mise en perspective des propos sur ce sujet n’avait été fait. Articulés en un récit cohérent, capable de rendre compte des changements d’appréciation sur le temps long du XXe siècle et du début du XXIe siècle, ces derniers rendent comptent des contradictions parfois manifestes d’une monographie à l’autre qu’il faut élucider, et permettent de mettre à jour des manières de penser et de voir, conditionnées par un horizon d’attente en constante mutation. Replacés dans un contexte politique et social, associés à des changements de mentalités, ces discours, problématisés et hiérarchisés,écrivent en filigranes une histoire de l’art au XXe siècle et nous obligent à réfléchir sur la place, le sens de l’art, et l’image de l’artiste. / There are numerous publications in all areas of knowledge covering Nazi Germany. Since 1947 and the book by Adolf Behne (Entartete Kunst), the fate of the Artist in the Third Reich has sparked interest, even compassion, of Art Historians. Nevertheless, only those persecuted by the Nazi Regime, labelled « Degenerate », are celebrated as heroes. These artists would be the ones called on by the Allies to« decontaminate » and pay back the crimes of an entire nation corrupted by twelve years of dictatorship. It is precisely the evolution of the image of these artists, described as « degenerate » or sometimes « inner emigrants », that Iam retracing from the end of World War II until today. Despite a huge amount of publications and exhibitions about Modern Art from the Nazi era, the discourses on this subject have never been put into perspective.When presented chronologically and in a thorough manner, they show the evolution of how the subject was viewed between 1945 and 2015, conditioned by a constantly changing horizon of expectations. Seen in political and social context, these discourses create a 20th century history of Art and invite us to think about the meaning of the Art and the image of the artist.

by Chan Eliza. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-196). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / ABSTRACT --- p.i / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter Section 1: --- History of Merkel cells --- p.3 / Chapter Section 2: --- Morphology and characteristic response of Merkel cell receptors in the skin --- p.5 / Chapter Section 3: --- Merkel cells and other mechanoreceptors in the mammalian sinus hair --- p.16 / Chapter Section 4: --- Functions of Merkel cells --- p.29 / Chapter Section 5: --- Review of technical approaches in the study of Merkel cell physiology --- p.39 / Chapter Section 6: --- Monitoring intracellular Ca2+ with the microfluorimetric technique --- p.42 / Chapter Section 7: --- Properties of voltage-gated and ligand-operated Ca2+ channels --- p.52 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- METHODS / Chapter Section 1: --- Isolation of the rat vibrissal follicles --- p.60 / Chapter Section 2: --- Procedures for fluorimetric studies --- p.63 / Chapter Section 3: --- Procedures for electrophysiological study --- p.72 / Chapter Section 4: --- Chemicals --- p.82 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- RESULTS / Chapter Section 1: --- Electrophysiological studies in an isolated sinus hair preparation --- p.89 / Chapter Section 2: --- Electrophysiological studies on slowly adapting type I (SA I) mechanoreceptors in an isolated skin-nervein vitro preparation --- p.109 / Chapter Section 3: --- Microfluorimetric studies of Merkel cells in the isolated sinus hair preparation --- p.117

Notre projet de recherche est de comprendre, à l’intérieur de l’œuvre d’Édith Stein, le lien fondamental qui unit la structure de la personne humaine dans ses dimensions fondamentales (anthropologie) et l’éducation.Éduquer c’est être inévitablement renvoyé à la question : « Qu’est-ce que l’homme ? » dans la mesure où l'éducation engage « une certaine conception de l’homme, sa place dans le monde, ce à quoi il s’occupe, de même que dans les possibilités d’agir pratiquement sur l’homme et de le former. » Outre le fait qu'Edith Stein ne systématise pas sa conception de l'éducation, d'où la nécessité d'en reconstituer l'architecture d'ensemble, elle ne la fait pas dériver d'une anthropologie préalablement constituée. Notre hypothèse de recherche est que la personne humaine n'est pas une réalité déjà constituée dont une anthropologie statique rendrait compte, mais une réalité qui s'édifie au fil d'un processus de configuration qui « embrasse le corps, l’âme et l’esprit avec toutes leurs facultés » et dont la théorie steinienne de l’éducation examine les possibilités. A partir d'une analyse phénoménologique de la constitution de la personne nous examinerons ses possibilités de déploiement et sa finalité ultime comme une possibilité de sa liberté. / Our purpose is to understand, on the basis of Edith Stein’s work, the link between the structure of human person and education. Educate is assuming the question : “What is human being ?” On the one hand, Stein does not organize systematically her conception of education, so that we must put in evidence the unity of that vision of education through her work. On the other hand, Stein refuses to derive education from a programmatic anthropology. Our hypothesis of research is : the human person is not a reality yet constituted but developing through a process which “embraces the body, the soul and the spirit”. On the basis of a phenomenological analysis of the constitution of the human person, we will examine the possibilities of her development and its ultimate finality as a possibility of her freedom.

Les progrès de l'imagerie sismique ces trente dernières années ont permis de révéler la structure complexe de la graine : une anisotropie cylindrique de quelques pourcents dont la structure fine présente des variations radiales et latérales. Ce travail de thèse s’est concentré sur les différentes dynamiques susceptibles de provoquer une telle structure. [Il y a autre chose dans cette structure]Nous avons revisité la dynamique induite par la force de Lorentz, discutant les conditions aux limites, la croissance de la graine et la stratification en densité. La déformation n’est raisonnablement suffisante que pour des viscosités inférieures à 1012 Pa.s, dans la fourchette basse des estimations. Les modèles d'écoulements globaux dans la graine peuvent se classer en deux grandes catégories. Pour un profil de densité stable, seul un forçage extérieur, tel que la force de Lorentz, peut induire un écoulement. Dans le cas instable, la dynamique est contrôlée principalement par des instabilités de convection. Les nouvelles estimations de la diffusion thermique limitent les instabilités thermiques à des âges de graine de l'ordre de la centaine de millions d'années. En se focalisant sur deux paramètres, la viscosité et l'âge de la graine, nous avons construit un diagramme de régime qui compare quantitativement les différents modèles proposés dans la littérature. En croisant amplitude du taux de déformation et géométrie attendues, on peut raisonnablement restreindre les domaines qui pourraient engendrer la structure observée. Pourtant, aucun modèle n'est pour l'instant capable d'expliquer à la fois l'amplitude et la géométrie de l'anisotropie sismique et encore moins la dichotomie Est-Ouest. La couche F est une anomalie dans le noyau externe : d’une épaisseur de 200 km environ, à la base du noyau externe, elle présente des vitesses d’ondes sismiques plus faibles que celles prédites pour un noyau liquide parfaitement mélangé. Elle est interprétée comme une zone chimiquement appauvrie, en contradiction avec la cristallisation de la graine qui libère des éléments légers à la surface même de la graine. Nous étudions la possibilité d’une cristallisation en volume dans cette couche. Les particules de fer solides sédimentent en croissant dans un liquide de plus en plus appauvri en éléments légers. Cette neige de fer est stable sous certaines conditions, étudiées ici. / In the past thirty years, our understanding of the inner core structure has increased with the number of seismic studies. Observations reveal a global anisotropy with a cylindrical symmetry and radial and lateral heterogeneities. In this work, I have studied different hypothesis on the dynamics of the inner core to explain these observations. Revisiting the dynamics induced by the Lorentz force, we studied the effect of new boundary conditions, the effect of stratification and growth rate. However, the obtained flow is not strong enough to deform the media for viscosities larger than 1012 Pa.s, in the lower bound of the published inner core estimates. Deformation mechanisms can be subdivided between natural convection (arising from unstable thermal or compositional gradients) and externally forced flows, like the one induced by the Lorentz force. Recent estimates of the thermal diffusivity of iron at high pressure limit the possibility of thermal convection to an age of the inner core lower than a hundred of millions years. Two key parameters emerge for the inner core dynamics: the sign and strength of the density stratification and the viscosity of the inner core. We construct a regime diagram for the Earth’s inner core dynamics that compares the different published models in term of maximum instantaneous deformation rate. This diagram allows us to compare both expected strain rate and deformation geometry with the seismic observations. However, we find that no published model can explain all the seismic observations. The inner core anisotropy and the hemispherical dichotomy are especially difficult to reconcile with these models. The F-Layer is a 200km anomalous layer at the bottom of the outer that presents low P-Wave velocities compared to well-Mixed model. It has been interpreted as a layer depleted in light elements, whereas we usually consider that light elements are expelled at the surface of the inner core by freezing of the outer core alloy. We study the hypothesis of freezing in the bulk of the layer, with iron particles growing and settling in an increasingly depleted liquid.

Shorelines, including the Inner Forth in Scotland, are facing unprecedented challenges with climate change. Rising sea levels mean that stakeholders need to work closely to deliver adaptation, such as the nature-based option of intentionally realigning shorelines landwards to give the sea more space. Drawing from workshops, interviews and surveys with citizens living on the shores of the Inner Forth, and semi-structured interviews with locally active organisations and land-owners, this thesis examines the governance context and methodological issues of citizen engagement in adaptation, with a focus on the use of participatory valuation tools. In particular, I develop citizen-oriented methodological options for integrated and deliberative valuation to address issues of inclusivity and knowledge gaps. The novelty of the deliberative valuation presented here is based on the explicit consideration of awareness gaps from both expert and local perspectives. The results show that even though emerging collaborative institutions are broadening the spectrum of stakeholders engaged in shoreline governance, they do not yet include representative groups of citizens. Empirical material presented here suggests that bridging the citizen engagement gap would potentially support the uptake of nature-based adaptation options, enhance legitimacy of decision-making processes, and bring other-regarding moral principles and biocentric values into decision-making. However, as the valuation results from the citizen workshops illustrate (in resonance with the central tenets of the Intergovernmental science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services), commonly applied valuation methods may be too narrow in their framing to capture plural values and world views. Furthermore, the ability of citizens to engage in adaptation is limited by knowledge gaps regarding the local area and the pressures it is facing. The deliberative citizen-oriented approach to valuation developed here led to the emergence of clearer priorities, improved choice model fit and participant confidence, providing empirical evidence to support the premise that deliberation builds citizens' ability to engage in adaptation. In addition to contributing empirical insights on how adaptation governance is unfolding on local scales, this thesis responds to methodological discussions on the use of valuation for citizen engagement in three main ways: 1) it demonstrates that the choice of value framings impacts the engagement outcomes; 2) it illustrates how deliberative valuation can shape citizens' attitudes towards the uptake of adaptation measures; 3) it provides evidence of the specific role that local knowledge plays in improving the outcomes of deliberative valuation.

The diploma thesis deals with the Strategic analysis of Pelhřimov hospital, allowance organization. The health-care facility, which is established by Vysočina region, is situated in dynamic environment. In the catchment area, which is defined by the district, the researched subject adopts the dominating position on the market. Doubtless, the strong points of Pelhřimov hospital are the human capital and the quality of provided health care. On the other hand, the weak points are economic situation of the hospital and insufficient marketing activities. On the basis of the determinated drawbacks, which come out of the internal and external analysis, the recommendation in the form of action plan is stated at the end of the thesis.

The FDA-approved platinum compound, cisplatin, is commonly used as a chemotherapy drug to treat many forms of cancer. However, this compound also has several associated side-effects, including ototoxicity. This has made the development of novel platinum compounds that reduce cancer cell viability, while causing fewer and milder side-effects, an area of significant research interest. In the present study, we examined the apoptotic effects that four monofunctional platinum compounds, pyriplatin, phenanthriplatin, Pt(diethylenetriamine)Cl, and Pt(N,Ndiethyldiethylenetriamine) Cl, had on zebrafish inner ear auditory epithelial cells. We then compared the apoptotic effects of these compounds to those of cisplatin, which is a bifunctional platinum compound. Our hypothesis was that the four monofunctional platinum compounds would cause reduced inner ear apoptosis compared to cisplatin. Zebrafish were injected with either vehicle solution, cisplatin or with one of the monofunctional compounds. Later, at 24-hour and 48-hour time points, the zebrafish were euthanized, and two of their auditory inner ear endorgans, the utricle and saccule, were dissected out. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was then used to label apoptotic cells, and the inner ear organs were viewed under a microscope. The number of apoptotic cells on each sample was quantified and the data were analyzed for significant differences between treatments. We found that with the exception of pyriplatin in the saccules, and with the exception of pyriplatin, Pt(N,N-diethyldiethylenetriamine)Cl, and phenanthriplatin in the utricles, the monofunctional compounds and cisplatin did not induce apoptosis in the inner ear of zebrafish at either time point. Based on these results we conclude that the monofunctional platinum compounds largely do not induce zebrafish inner ear apoptosis and if they were to produce ototoxicity, it would not be through an apoptotic mechanism.

Teacher attrition has serious consequences in hard to staff schools. Mostly poor and ethnic minority students are deprived of being taught by stable, experienced teachers. The purpose of this study was to explore the strategies used to effectively retain teachers in such schools through the perspective of teachers at a high school that comprises poor and ethnic minority students in southwest Georgia. The conceptual framework that guided this study was Chen's theory about race and social class which postulated that a high percentage of poor ethnic minority students results in low teacher morale. This study explored the reasons why teachers stay at a school where there is a high proportion of poor and ethnic minority students. In this research, the case study strategy of inquiry was employed and data were collected from interviews with 10 teachers (using a 16-question interview guide) to solicit their perspectives on the working conditions at their school. The data were then examined for patterns and themes in the text. The findings produced 4 consolidated themes that revealed (a) aspects of a successful environment created by the principal; (b) an effective mentoring program that was aimed at assisting, developing, and supporting new and inexperienced teachers; (c) good parental involvement where parents were enthusiastic about supporting the school and their child's educational progress; and (d) stable and charismatic leadership that promoted retention. If implemented at hard to staff schools, these best practices can lead to improved teacher morale, better prepared teachers, and higher student achievement.