By considering Krylov subspace methods in nonstandard inner products, we develop in this thesis new methods for solving large sparse linear systems and examine the effectiveness of existing preconditioners. We focus on saddle point systems and systems with a nonsymmetric, diagonalizable coefficient matrix. For symmetric saddle point systems, we present a preconditioner that renders the preconditioned saddle point matrix nonsymmetric but self-adjoint with respect to an inner product and for which scaling is not required to apply a short-term recurrence method. The robustness and effectiveness of this preconditioner, when applied to a number of test problems, is demonstrated. We additionally utilize combination preconditioning (Stoll and Wathen. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 2008; 30:582-608) to develop three new combination preconditioners. One of these is formed from two preconditioners for which only a MINRES-type method can be applied, and yet a conjugate-gradient type method can be applied to the combination preconditioned system. Numerical experiments show that application of these preconditioners can result in faster convergence. When the coefficient matrix is diagonalizable, but potentially nonsymmetric, we present conditions under which the pseudospectra of a preconditioner and coefficient matrix are identical and characterize the pseudospectra when this condition is not exactly fulfilled. We show that when the preconditioner and coefficient matrix are self-adjoint with respect to nearby symmetric bilinear forms the convergence of a particular minimum residual method is bounded by a term that depends on the spectrum of the preconditioned coefficient matrix and a constant that is small when the symmetric bilinear forms are close. An iteration-dependent bound for GMRES in the Euclidean inner product is presented that shows precisely why a standard bound can be pessimistic. We observe that for certain problems known, effective preconditioners are either self-adjoint with respect to the same symmetric bilinear form as the coefficient matrix or one that is nearby.

Philosophy, art and leadership have been considered in previous studies, nevertheless rarely have all three been blended in one. The aim of this thesis resided in the attempt to build an unfixed conceptual net, having the ambition to shed light on the innermost parts of the leader; by collecting insights from philosophical notions, the figure of an artistic leader arises. The personal importance of this work was rooted in the hope of a leadership sourced in an inner reflection. Through qualitative research, we made use of concepts derived from Kant, Foucault, Nietzsche, Heidegger and several other thinkers, targeting the ontological, sensible, and reflecting centers of the figure of the artistic leader; which ultimately was completed by primary data retrieved from experts. At the heart of the thesis, namely the fourth strand, these thoughts are developed in two volumes. The first regards the emergence of the artistic leader, a concise ontology of this figure, the suggestion of the paramount importance played by self-reflection and the ‘care’ as found in a Foucauldian understanding, as well as the mechanisms of the mind of the leader. The eventual practices of the artistic leader are developed in the second volume, seen as expressive channels through which this figure could interact with the environment. The thesis - by its very nature - is open ended, as it is a suggestion of a figure drawing its relevance in the continual constructive thinking this work hopes to generate in the reader.

Depuis le début des années 1990, l'imagerie de l'oreille et de la base du crâne s'est considérablement développée. Des pathologies récentes, mal connues ont été explorées en imagerie, en particulier en IRM. L'objectif de mes travaux de recherche, a été de développer des séquences Haute Résolution (HR) sur l'oreille et la base du crâne permettant une analyse sémiologique fine et une caractérisation de ces différentes pathologies dans l’objectif d’une prise en charge plus adaptée. Le début de mes travaux a été orienté vers le conduit auditif interne. Mon but initial a été de mettre point et de développer une séquence 3 HR T2 sur l'oreille interne et le conduit auditif interne ainsi qu’une séquence spin écho T1 HR en coupes fines. Ces séquences ont permis l’analyse précise de l'extension des schwannomes vestibulaires dans le fond du conduit auditif interne. Cette étude a permis de dégager des critères intéressants en imagerie dans le choix thérapeutique (chirurgie versus radio-chirurgie) et dans le choix de la voie d'abord chirurgicale. Mon travail s’est également orienté vers le développement des séquences de diffusion en base du crâne, le but était de développer une séquence de diffusion HR dans le suivi des cholestéatomes opérés de l'oreille moyenne. Les récidives de cholestéatome sont fréquentes et les oreilles opérées sont parfois difficiles à analyser en TDM en cas de comblement de la cavité opératoire. Des séquences IRM spécifiques sont alors nécessaires pour différencier une récidive de cholestéatome, du tissu fibro-inflammatoire fréquemment présent. Plusieurs auteurs avaient montré l'intérêt des séquences de diffusion du fait de coefficients de diffusion très différents entre le tissu fibro-inflammatoire et le cholestéatome. Cependant ces premières séquences de diffusion EPI basse résolution, étaient peu adaptées au rocher et la base du crâne. Notre travail a été de mettre au point et de développer une séquence de diffusion HR Turbo Spin écho adaptée à l'oreille et à la base du crâne permettant le dépistage des récidives de cholestéatome et de valider cette séquence par comparaison au gadolinium tardif et à la chirurgie. Mon travail sur la base du crâne haute résolution m'a également permis de développer des séquences Spin Echo T1 et 3D Echo de gradient T1 en Haute Résolution avec saturation de la graisse permettant une analyse fine des extensions tumorales périnerveuses à la base du crâne principalement dans les cancers du nasopharynx. Ces travaux ont permis de définir les voies d'extension précises de ces tumeurs afin de ne pas sous-évaluer le stade initial de ces tumeurs dans la classification TNM de l'UICC. Ces travaux associés à ceux d'autres chercheurs ont permis de mettre à jour récemment cette classification UICC des tumeurs du nasopharynx. Une de mes principales voies de recherche a été le dépistage, l'analyse et la description des pathologies de l’oreille interne. Une étude longitudinale menée de 1998 à 2008 incluant toutes les pathologies intra-labyrinthiques découvertes au CHU de Lille, a permis de définir et de caractériser trois grands types de pathologies distinctes: les schwannomes intra-labyrinthiques, les labyrinthites, les hémorragies intra-labyrinthiques. Ces pathologies nécessitent des prises en charge différentes. Nous avons pu également définir des critères pronostics en particulier des critères de gravité nécessitant une prise en charge rapide adaptée. Dans le cadre ce travail de recherche sur les pathologies de l’oreille interne, nous nous sommes également intéressés au Syndrome de déhiscence du canal semi-circulaire supérieur, syndrome clinique récemment décrit par Minor en 1998. [...] / Since the beginning of the 1990s, the imaging of the ear and skull base has grown considerably. Recently, poorly known pathologies have been investigated by imaging, in particular with MRI. The objective of my research works was to develop high resolution (HR) sequences dedicated to the ear and the skull base, allowing a fine semiological analysis and a characterization of these various pathologies. The purpose is to contribute to a more appropriate medical management. The beginning of my work was directed towards the internal auditory canal. My initial purpose was to determine and develop a three-dimensional HR T2 sequence for the inner ear and the internal auditory canal as well as a spin echo T1 HR with thin slices. These sequences allowed the precise analysis of the extension of vestibular schwannomas in the fundus of the internal auditory canal. This study has indentified a relevant criteria for the therapeutic choice (surgery versus radiosurgery) and for the choice of the surgical approach. My work has also aimed to the development of diffusion sequences dedicated to the skull base. The purpose was to develop a HR diffusion sequences in the follow-up of operated cholesteatoma of the middle ear. Recurrence of cholesteatoma is frequent and the operated ears are sometimes difficult to analyze on CT, particularly when the postoperative cavity is completely filled. Specific MRI sequences are then necessary to differentiate a recurrent cholesteatoma from fibro-inflammatory tissue. The fact that the diffusion coefficient between fibro-inflammatory tissue and cholesteatoma is different has been shown by several authors. However these early sequences of echoplanar imaging (EPI) diffusion with low resolution were poorly suited to the temporal bone and the skull base. Our work was to finalize and develop a sequence of turbo spin echo HR diffusion, adapted to the ear and skull base for the screening of recurrent cholesteatoma and validate this sequence by comparison with delayed post gadolinium spin echo T1 sequence and surgery. My work on the HR imaging of the skull base also enabled me to develop some other sequences: spin echo T1 and 3D HR gradient echo T1 with fat saturation allowing for the detailed analysis of perineural spread to the skull base, mainly in nasopharyngeal cancers. This work helped to define the precise pathways of extension of these tumours in order not to underestimate the initial stage of these tumours in the TNM UICC classification. This work together with those of other researchers allowed the recent update of the UICC classification in nasopharyngeal tumours. One of my main research topics has been the screening, analysis and description of the pathologies of the inner ear. A longitudinal study from 1998 to 2008, including all the intralabyrinthine pathologies discovered to the University Center of Lille, allowed to define and characterize three major different pathologies: intralabyrinthine schwannoma, labyrinthitis and intralabyrinthine hemorrhage. These pathologies require different treatments. We were also able to define prognostic criteria in particular criteria of severity requiring a rapid and adapted medical management. Within the framework of my research on the pathologies of the inner ear, we were also interested in the syndrome of dehiscence of the superior semicircular canal. This clinical syndrome was recently described by Minor in 1998. A retrospective study of the cases discovered between 2007 and 2009, included a HR TDM of the temporal bone and a HR MRI (in particular imaging fusion between the 3D HR time-of-flight (TOF) and the 3D HR T2 sequences), enabled to identify a variant of the classic form of dehiscence. [...]

This thesis develops a new way of engaging emotion in a large organisation and develops a new form of organisational practice entitled “Reflective Emotional Practitioning.” The thesis argues that the concept of emotional intelligence as accepted in organisations represses rather than embraces emotion. The conceptual framework centres the inquiry on the problem of organisational power as an obstacle to the creative harnessing of emotion at work. The thesis reverses the organisations’ centralised power by placing the individual at the centre so that the individual learns to reflect upon and embrace emotion in collective and self inquiry, and demonstrates how this may lead to creative and ethical work. The thesis is divided into two parts: in the first, the author carried out action research workshops on emotional intelligence and performance management, but it became clear that power was an issue, repressing emotions. But through reflection this became a turning point after the author engaged in deep self-reflection in meditative supervisions, writing and reflective practice. This enabled the author to process experience into a methodological shift towards a self-ethnography and research action applied to the work situation in what became called Reflective Emotional Practitioning (REP). The REP model was used as a tool to venture further on a visceral pathway, uncovering the author’s relationship with emotion. The author began to recognise that the self and the other could be held in reflexive practice and writing. In the second part evidence comes through further vignettes representing the author’s pathway and shone a light on a dialogical process between the self and others. Freedom and space were revealed and the research began to demonstrate the inner- and outer-selves working through emotion. Through this process emotion became conceptualised as “felt energy”. Felt energy was triggered by the outer world, but also a place of knowing from which further action could be taken, and then further reflected upon. The reflexive writing process used vignettes to illustrate how emotion was engaged, fed back and stored as a “return to the self” in a continual learning process. Through illuminating a new way of both conceptualising and working with emotions, the author shows how, over several years of reflective practice, the method underpinned some major innovative and sustainable work projects. The thesis concludes by defining the contribution of this research as a transferable approach that can engage emotion in self-empowered actions within an organisation’s power regime. The contribution is to both methodology and knowledge about the way emotion is experienced, used and conceptualised, although the author acknowledges and discusses the difficulty of producing knowledge through writing the self, particularly within the confines of a large public sector organisation. However, the struggle to write the self has produced a rich text that conveys the possibilities of transferring the approach for other organisational researchers and reflective practitioners engaging emotion in their different personal and organisational contexts.

This study measured the effects of reading aloud informational books to fourth and sixth grade students in the inner city.

The problem of this investigation was to examine the effects of three selected group guidance procedures on the interpersonal relationships of twelve through fifteen-year old inner-city youth.

No description available.

The nuclear envelope is a barrier comprised of outer and inner membranes that separate the cytoplasm from the nucleoplasm. The outer (ONM) and inner (INM) membranes have different physical characteristics and protein compositions. In contrast to the extensive data available on the protein quality control processes operating in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleoplasm, the mechanisms controlling protein turnover at the INM are poorly documented. The work presented in this thesis focuses on Asi1, Asi2 and Asi3, three bona-fide integral INM proteins of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By contrast to mammalian cells, yeast progress through the cell cycle with a closed mitosis, that is cells divide in the absence of the cyclical fragmentation/reassembly of the nuclear membrane. Consequently, examining the processes affecting the stability of the Asi proteins in yeast may provide useful paradigms for understanding the turnover of INM components in non-dividing, terminally differentiated and post-mitotic cells of metazoan origin.The results have contributed to the elucidation of the biological function of Asi1 and Asi3, which are homologous proteins with C-terminal RING domains. Asi1 and Asi3 function together as a dimeric E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that operates with ubiquitin conjugating enzymes Ubc6 and Ubc7. The Asi1/3 complex ubiquitylates transcription factors Stp1 and Stp2 when they gain inappropriate access to the nucleus in the absence of SPS-sensor activation. Intriguingly, the Asi1/3 complex also mediates the turnover of multiple membrane proteins that primarily localize to other cell membranes. This latter finding indicates that the barrier function of nuclear pore complexes is not as tight as previously thought. Consistently, asi1 null mutations are synthetic lethal when introduced into hrd1Δ ire2Δ cells with compromised ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Together the results define Asi1/3 as components of a novel quality control pathway operating in association with the INM that acts to safeguard the identity and maintain the function of the nuclear compartment. Asi1 and Asi2 exhibit rapid turnover and their turnover is ubiquitin-dependent, exhibiting a clear requirement for Ubc7. The ubiquitylated forms of Asi1 and Asi2 are degraded by nuclear-localized proteasomes; the ubiquitylated forms exhibit enhanced stability in sts1-2 mutants. Asi1 turnover requires Cue1, the AAA ATPase Cdc48 and co-factor Ubx1. Asi1 turnover occurs unimpeded in cells lacking a functional Asi1/3 complex and in cells lacking Doa10, an E3 ligase complex also known to function at the INM. Consequently, Asi1 is subject to a quality control pathway associated with INM but that is distinct from the Asi1/3 and Doa10 INM- associated degradative (INMAD) pathways. This thesis documents work that clearly demonstrates that the INM is a highly dynamic structure that possesses multiple and active quality control pathways. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.</p>

The purpose of this research was to develop and test an instrument to measure or quantify the construct of inner strength. Inner strength was synthesized into a theory based on twelve years of qualitative data from direct participant quotes, defined by Roux et al. (2002) as a central human resource that promotes well-being and healing. The inner strength questionnaire (ISQ) has undergone extensive psychometric evaluation which resulted in several versions. The third version had 37-items and was believed to have four subscales that mirrored the theoretical themes that emerged through the qualitative data. The sample was composed of 281 women with a variety of chronic health conditions including breast cancer, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and heart disease. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed to assess the structure of the ISQ. Internal consistency was used to assess the reliability of each hypothesized subscale and the entire ISQ. Convergent and discriminant validity, were analyzed using the multitrait-multimethod by Campbell and Fiske (1959). For convergent validity, the entire instrument and each of the subscales was correlated with similar theoretical subscales of the Mastery of Stress Instrument (Younger, 1993). For discriminant validity, the Center for Epidemiological Studies in Depression (CESD) was correlated with the entire ISQ. Both the EFA and CFA revealed a four factor model. The four factors were labeled 1) mental, 2) connectedness, 3) knowing and searching, 4) physical. The reliability for all items on the ISQ was 0.91. The reliabilities for each of the subscales were 0.85 for mental, 0.96 for connectedness, 0.85 for knowing and searching, and 0.83 for physical. The multitrait-multimethod matrix revealed correlation coefficients for the relationship between the ISQ and MSI to be 0.55 and a correlation coefficient of -0.19 between the ISQ and the CESD.A four factor model is supported by the statistical data. Through face-to-face interviewing and input from content expert reviewers, ten items were eliminated from the 37-item (version 3) instrument to form a new version of the instrument. The new instrument supports the metasynthesis generated by Roux (2002) except for the fifth theme, entitled "new normal", which was found to be a consequence of having inner strength, not a component of inner strength.

This study examined the relationship between the religious orientation quest and well-being using the 1998 General Social Survey. In addition to the religious orientation quest the extrinsic and intrinsic religious orientations were also investigated. Analysis of the data indicated that there was a slight negative association between quest and general well-being, while also demonstrating a strong positive association between quest and inner peace. These results underscore the supposition that quest is an orientation that is complex and ultimately deserves further attention.